LTIMindtree Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What is star schema and snowflake schema?
Ans. 
Star schema is a data warehouse schema where a central fact table is connected to multiple dimension tables. Snowflake schema is a normalized form of star schema.
• Star schema consists of a central fact table connected to multiple dimension tables

• Snowflake schema is a normalized form of star schema where dimension tables are further normalized into sub-dimension tables

• Star schema is denormalized for faster query performa...read more
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Q2. Explain about your experience in SQL joins
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Q3. Tell me what ways you improve performance of report?
Ans. 
Performance of reports can be improved by optimizing queries, reducing data volume, using efficient visuals, and caching data.
• Optimize queries by removing unnecessary columns and filters

• Reduce data volume by aggregating data at the source or using incremental refresh

• Use efficient visuals like matrix instead of tables for large datasets

• Cache data to reduce query times for frequently accessed data
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Q4. What is data query and data flow?
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Data query is the process of retrieving specific data from a database, while data flow is the movement of data from one point to another.
• Data query involves writing SQL queries to extract specific data from a database

• Data flow refers to the movement of data from source to destination through various transformations

• Data query is used to filter and retrieve relevant data, while data flow ensures data is processed and mov...read more
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Q5. Difference between power query and direct query
Ans. 
Power Query is used to import and transform data within Power BI, while Direct Query allows real-time data access from the data source.
• Power Query is used to import and transform data within Power BI before loading it into the data model.

• Direct Query allows Power BI to query the data source directly in real-time, without importing the data into the data model.

• Power Query is suitable for smaller datasets that can be loa...read more
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Q6. What is RANK & DENSE RANK in SQL
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RANK assigns a unique rank to each row based on a specified column, while DENSE RANK assigns a unique rank to each distinct row.
• RANK function is used to assign a unique rank to each row based on a specified column

• DENSE RANK function is used to assign a unique rank to each distinct row, skipping ranks if there are ties

• RANK and DENSE RANK are commonly used in SQL queries to rank data based on certain criteria
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Q7. What is Calculated column and Measure?
Ans. 
Calculated column is a static column in a table calculated based on a formula, while Measure is a dynamic calculation based on aggregated data.
• Calculated column is created in Power BI using DAX formula and stored in the data model.

• Measure is a calculation performed on the fly based on the context of the visualization.

• Calculated columns are static and can be used for filtering and sorting, while Measures are dynamic and
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Q8. Tell me about complex DAX functions you used
Ans. 
I have used complex DAX functions like CALCULATE, FILTER, SUMX, etc. to perform advanced calculations in Power BI.
• Used CALCULATE function to apply filters and context changes to calculations

• Utilized FILTER function to filter data based on specific conditions

• Implemented SUMX function to iterate over a table and perform calculations for each row
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Q9. What is CALCULATED function and how it works?
Ans. 
CALCULATED function is used in Power BI to create custom calculations based on existing data in a report.
• CALCULATED function is used to create custom calculations in DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) language.

• It allows users to define complex calculations based on existing data in the report.

• CALCULATED function can be used with other DAX functions to perform calculations like aggregations, comparisons, and conditional lo...read more
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Q10. What is query folding in power BI?
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Query folding in Power BI is a process where Power BI pushes the data transformation steps back to the data source.
• Query folding improves performance by reducing the amount of data loaded into Power BI.

• It allows Power BI to leverage the capabilities of the data source for data transformation.

• Commonly used with relational databases like SQL Server, Oracle, etc.

• Example: When filtering data in Power BI, query folding will...read more
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Q11. Tell me about types of Context
Ans. 
Types of context refer to the different ways in which data can be analyzed and interpreted in Power BI.
• Row context: evaluates calculations row by row

• Filter context: applies filters to data before calculations

• Query context: used in DAX queries to retrieve data

• Relationship context: determines how tables are related
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Q12. Fundamentals of POWER BI?
Ans. 
Power BI is a business analytics tool by Microsoft that provides interactive visualizations and business intelligence capabilities.
• Power BI is a business analytics tool by Microsoft

• It allows users to create interactive visualizations and reports

• Users can connect to various data sources to import data

• Power BI offers a wide range of data visualization options such as charts, graphs, and maps

• Users can share and collaborat
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Q13. DDL & DML commands?
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Q14. Give me an example forINNER JOIN in sql
Ans. 
INNER JOIN is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
• Use INNER JOIN to retrieve rows from both tables that have matching values in the specified column

• Syntax: SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name

• Example: SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName FROM Orders INNER JOIN Customers ON Orders.CustomerID = Customers.Cus
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Basic Aptitude test on Quant and Verbal

Coding Test in prefered language

Q1. What are opps concepts
Ans. 
Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming concepts in software development.
• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Inheritance: ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability to present the same interface for different data types

• Abstraction: hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary feature
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Q2. Explain mentioned concepts with examples
Ans. 
Quality Engineer concepts explained with examples
• Statistical Process Control (SPC) - monitoring and controlling a process through statistical analysis, e.g. tracking defects in manufacturing

• Root Cause Analysis - identifying the underlying cause of a problem, e.g. using fishbone diagram to determine why a product failed

• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - assessing potential failure modes of a product or process a...read more
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Q1. Sql query , database connectivity,
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Q2. Unix commands , grep, find, sed
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Q1. What is middleware?
Ans. 
Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications or components, allowing them to communicate and work together.
• Middleware facilitates communication and data exchange between different software applications.

• It can provide services such as authentication, authorization, logging, and message queuing.

• Examples of middleware include Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ).
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