Ernst & Young Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Find the greatest element in the moving array

Q1. Interviewer Asked me to build Airline Management System
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Reasoning, maths and clocks based questions.

2 codings. DSA based.

Q1. What are OOPs Concepts?
Ans. 
OOPs Concepts are fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in organizing and designing code.
• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms or have multiple behaviors.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementat...read more
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Q2. What is AVL tree?
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AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree where the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one.
• AVL tree was named after its inventors Adelson-Velsky and Landis.

• It is a type of binary search tree where the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one.

• AVL trees are used to maintain a balanced tree structure, ensuring O(log n) time complexity for insertion, deletion, a...read more
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Q3. Define LIFO, FIFO etc
Ans. 
LIFO stands for Last In, First Out and FIFO stands for First In, First Out.
• LIFO: Last In, First Out - the last item added to a stack is the first one to be removed.

• FIFO: First In, First Out - the first item added to a queue is the first one to be removed.
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Q4. Share your college experienceon coding.
Ans. 
I gained hands-on coding experience through coursework, projects, and internships during my college years.
• Took courses in programming languages such as Java, C++, and Python.

• Participated in coding competitions and hackathons to enhance my skills.

• Completed coding projects in areas like web development, data analysis, and software engineering.

• Interned at a tech company where I worked on real-world coding projects.

• Collabo...read more
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Q1. Introduce yourself (3 mins)
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Q2. Area of Interests (3 mins)
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Basic conceptual knowledge check.

One basic and one intermediate level question you are allowed to give write the code in any language.

Q1. This is an AI based interview where on the screen flashes the question and you will have to answer them looking into the camera always camera will be on.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had 2 coding questions where in I was first asked to explain my approach and then code the solution . After
that , I was asked some more questions on OOPS and JavaScript.

Q1. 
Intersection of Linked List Problem Statement
You are provided with two singly linked lists of integers. These lists merge at a node of a third linked list.
Your task is to determine the data of the node...read more
Ans. 
Approach :
1) Calculate the length of both the lists, say len1 and len2

2) Get the absolute difference of the lengths, diff = |len1 – len2|

3) Now traverse the long list from the first node till ‘diff’ nodes so that from there onwards both the lists have equal
number of nodes

4) Then traverse both the lists in parallel and check whether a common node is reached (Note that getting a common
node is done by comparing the addres...read more
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Q2. 
Pythagorean Triplets Detection
Determine if an array contains a Pythagorean triplet by checking whether there are three integers x, y, and z such that x² + y² = z² within the array.
Input:
The first lin...read more
Ans. 
Approach :
1) I solved it in O(N^2) approach.
2) Sort the array.
3) Initially map all the elements of the array to their index in a Hash Map or a Hash Set.
4) Now , run 2 for loops and for every x^2 + y^2 ,check if there exists a z^2 s.t x^2+y^2=z^2 and the index of z^2 is
different than both the indices of x and y.
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Q3. What do you mean by data encapsulation?
Ans. 
1) Data Encapsulation is an Object-Oriented Programming concept of hiding the data attributes and their behaviors in
a single unit.

2) It helps developers to follow modularity while developing software by ensuring that each object is independent of
other objects by having its own methods, attributes, and functionalities.

3) It is used for the security of the private properties of an object and hence serves the purpose of d
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Q4. Can static methods be overridden?
Ans. 
1) No. Declaration of static methods having the same signature can be done in the subclass but run time
polymorphism can not take place in such cases.

2) Overriding or dynamic polymorphism occurs during the runtime, but the static methods are loaded and looked up
at the compile time statically. Hence, these methods cant be overridden.
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Q5. What is the garbage collector in Java?
Ans. 
1) Garbage Collection in Java is a process by which the programs perform memory management automatically.

2) The Garbage Collector(GC) finds the unused objects and deletes them to reclaim the memory. I

3) In Java, dynamic memory allocation of objects is achieved using the new operator that uses some memory and the
memory remains allocated until there are references for the use of the object.

4) When there are no references...read more
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Q6. Can you explain hoisting in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Hoisting is a default behaviour of javascript where all the variable and function declarations are moved on top.
This means that irrespective of where the variables and functions are declared, they are moved on top of the scope.
The scope can be both local and global.

EXAMPLE 1 :

hoistedVariable = 10;
console.log(hoistedVariable); // outputs 10 even when the variable is declared after it is initialized
var hoistedVariable;


EX...read more
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Q7. What are closures in JavaScript?
Ans. 
A closure is the combination of a function and the lexical environment within which that function was declared. i.e, It is
an inner function that has access to the outer or enclosing function’s variables. The closure has three scope chains

i) Own scope where variables defined between its curly brackets
ii) Outer function’s variables
iii) Global variables

Let's take an example of closure concept,

function Welcome(name){
var gr...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was mainly inclined towards some Frontend Web Development questions(as I had told the interviewer that I have some prior experince in that field and also have some projects supporting this) ranging from HTML,CSS to JavaScript.

Q1. Can you explain promises in JavaScript and describe its three states?
Ans. 
1) A promise is an object that may produce a single value some time in the future: either a resolved value, or a
reason that it’s not resolved (e.g., a network error occurred).

2) A promise may be in one of 3 possible states: fulfilled, rejected, or pending. Promise users can attach callbacks to
handle the fulfilled value or the reason for rejection.

3) Promises are eager, meaning that a promise will start doing whatever t...read more
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Q2. What is a higher order function?
Ans. 
Higher-order function is a function that accepts another function as an argument or returns a function as a return
value or both.

EXAMPLE :

const firstOrderFunc = () => console.log ('Hello, I am a First order function');
const higherOrder = ReturnFirstOrderFunc => ReturnFirstOrderFunc();
higherOrder(firstOrderFunc);
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Q3. 
Swap Two Numbers Problem Statement
Given two integers a and b, your task is to swap these numbers and output the swapped values.
Input:
The first line contains a single integer 't', representing the num...read more
Ans. 
Approach 1 (Using Destructruring Assignment) : This method was specific only for JS and the interviewer was preety
impressed when I used it .

Destructuring assignment (a feature of ES2015) lets you extract items of an array into variables. It works with any
data type: numbers, strings, booleans, objects.

Code :

let a = 1;
let b = 2;
[a, b] = [b, a];
a; // => 2
b; // => 1

[a, b] = [b, a] is the destructuring assignment that...read more
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Q4. What are the features of HTML5?
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HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the standard markup language for creating web pages and
web applications. HTML5 is the 5th version of HTML.

Some of the new features that were added in HTML5 that make it better than HTML are as follows :

1) Intro of audio and video : Audio and Video tags are the two major addition to HTML5. It allows developers to
embed a video or audio on their website. HTML5 video can...read more
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Q5. How can you optimize the loading of website assets?
Ans. 
To optimize website load time we need to optimize its asset loading and for that : 

1) CDN hosting - A CDN or content delivery network is geographically distributed servers to help reduce latency.

2) File compression - This is a method that helps to reduce the size of an asset to reduce the data transfer

3) File concatenation - This reduces the number of HTTP calls

4) Minify scripts - This reduces the overall file siz...read more
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Q6. In how many ways can you display HTML elements?
Ans. 
1) inline: Using this we can display any block-level element as an inline element. The height and width attribute values of the element will not affect.

2) block: using this, we can display any inline element as a block-level element. 

3) inline-block: This property is similar to inline, except by using the display as inline-block, we can actually format the element using height and width values.

4) flex: It displays...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions like my interests, weaknesses, strengths, family
background, are you willing to relocate or travel , why Ernst & Young, CEO of Ernst & Young etc.

Q1. Why should we hire you?
Ans. 
Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the ...read more
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