400+ Lead Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The resistance value of tripping & closing coil of VCB varies depending on the manufacturer and model.

• The resistance value can be found in the manufacturer's manual or datasheet.

• It is important to use the correct resistance value to ensure proper functioning of the VCB.

• The resistance value may also vary depending on the voltage rating of the VCB.

• For example, the ABB VD4 VCB has a tripping coil resistance of 50-60 ohms and a closing coil resistance of 20-30 ohms.

The contact resistance of VCB is typically very low.

• VCB stands for Vacuum Circuit Breaker.

• The contact resistance is the resistance between the contacts of the breaker when it is closed.

• The contact resistance of VCB is typically in the range of micro-ohms.

• Low contact resistance is important for efficient operation of the breaker.

• High contact resistance can cause overheating and damage to the breaker.

• The contact resistance can be affected by factors such as the material of the ...read more

BGP path attributes used to manipulate ingress traffic and transit via 3rd AS.

• AS Path attribute is used to manipulate ingress traffic by adding or removing AS numbers.

• Local Preference attribute is used to influence the path selection within the same AS.

• MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) attribute is used to influence the path selection between different ASes.

• Communities attribute is used to tag routes and influence the path selection in a specific way.

• Transit traffic via 3rd AS c...read more

Monitoring tools and metrics for testing

• We use tools like Nagios, Zabbix, and Prometheus for monitoring

• Metrics captured include response time, error rate, CPU usage, memory usage, and network traffic

• We also capture user behavior metrics like click-through rate and conversion rate

• Monitoring helps us identify issues and optimize performance

An IEnumerator in C# is used to iterate over a collection of objects one at a time, allowing for more efficient memory usage and performance.

• IEnumerator is used to implement custom iterators in C# by defining a method with a yield return statement.

• Each time the iterator is called, it returns the next value in the sequence defined by the yield return statements.

• IEnumerators can be used in foreach loops to iterate over the values returned by the iterator.

Code to find strings in a dictionary matching a given pattern

• Iterate through the dictionary and check if each string matches the pattern

• Add the matching strings to an output array

• Return the output array

The minimum height at which the safety belt should be used is determined by the height of the individual and the specific safety regulations in place.

• The minimum height requirement for safety belt usage varies depending on the country and jurisdiction.

• In the United States, for example, the minimum height for safety belt usage is typically around 4 feet 9 inches (145 cm).

• Other factors such as age, weight, and type of vehicle may also influence the minimum height requirement.

• It...read more

Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that enables you to run event-triggered code without having to manage infrastructure.

• Azure Functions can be used to build serverless applications and microservices.

• It supports multiple programming languages such as C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, and PowerShell.

• Limitations include a maximum execution time of 10 minutes, limited memory and CPU resources, and a cold start delay.

• Long running background processes can be handled using ...read more

VTep is a virtual tunnel endpoint used in VXLAN to extend Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 networks.

• VTep is a software-based endpoint that terminates VXLAN tunnels.

• It is used to extend Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 networks.

• VXLAN header encapsulates the original Ethernet frame and adds a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) to identify the virtual network.

• The VLAN data is encapsulated with VXLAN header and fields like VNI, flags, and reserved bits are used in it.

To ingest information, replicate environment, and migrate data in Records Management system, follow these steps:

• Identify the source and target environments

• Create a backup of the source environment

• Replicate the source environment in the target environment

• Migrate the data from the source to the target environment

• Verify the data migration was successful

VSL is the voltage at which the substrate current becomes zero in VSS.

• VSL is the voltage at which the substrate current becomes zero in VSS.

• It is the minimum voltage required to maintain a zero substrate current.

• VSL is important in VSS as it helps in reducing the leakage current.

• It is achieved by applying a negative voltage to the substrate.

• VSL is typically set to -0.5V or -1.0V in modern CMOS processes.

ARCADY and PICADY software require input such as road geometry, traffic flow, and vehicle characteristics.

• Road geometry data such as lane widths, radii, and gradients

• Traffic flow data such as traffic volume, speed, and composition

• Vehicle characteristics such as dimensions, speed, and acceleration

• Other inputs such as signal timings and pedestrian crossings

Yes, I have extensive experience in electrical operation and maintenance.

• I have worked as an electrical engineer for 10+ years

• I have successfully managed and maintained electrical systems in various industries

• I have a strong understanding of electrical codes and regulations

• I have experience with troubleshooting and repairing electrical systems

• I am constantly learning and staying up-to-date with new technologies and advancements in the field

The question is asking to select a column named 'columnname' as '1' from the employee table and provide the output if the table contains 100 records.

• The column 'columnname' does not exist in the employee table, so the query will result in an error.

• The value '1' will be selected for each record in the employee table, resulting in 100 rows with the value '1'.

• The output will be a single column with 100 rows, all containing the value '1'.

OSPF should be priority over eBGP. Achieve this by manipulating administrative distance or metric.

• OSPF should be preferred over eBGP as it is an interior gateway protocol while eBGP is an exterior gateway protocol

• Manipulate administrative distance to make OSPF preferred over eBGP

• Manipulate metric to make OSPF preferred over eBGP

• Use route maps to manipulate the preference of OSPF over eBGP

• Example: set the administrative distance of OSPF to a lower value than eBGP

• Example: incre...read more

To create and upload a release application on Android and/or iOS, you need to follow specific steps for each platform.

• For Android, you need to generate a signed APK using Android Studio and then upload it to the Google Play Store.

• For iOS, you need to create an archive in Xcode, validate it, and then distribute it through the App Store Connect.

• Make sure to follow the guidelines and requirements set by Google and Apple for releasing applications on their platforms.

I review/check work of an originator in Civil3D Models by following a systematic approach.

• I check for errors and inconsistencies in the model.

• I verify that the model adheres to the project standards and specifications.

• I ensure that the model is accurate and complete.

• I communicate with the originator to clarify any issues or concerns.

• I document any changes or revisions made to the model.

• I perform a final review before submitting the model for approval.

Answers to questions related to stress and strain in engineering

• True stress considers the change in area due to deformation, while engineering stress does not

• True stress can be derived from engineering stress using the formula: true stress = engineering stress * (1 + engineering strain)

• Quad elements are preferred over tria elements because they provide better accuracy and convergence

• Plane stress is a condition where stress is only present in two dimensions, while plane strain...read more

VDC stands for Virtual Design and Construction. Supervisor oversees VDC process.

• VDC is a process of creating a digital model of a construction project before it is built.

• It helps in identifying and resolving potential issues before construction begins.

• Supervisor oversees the VDC process to ensure that the digital model is accurate and meets the project requirements.

• VDC can also help in improving communication and collaboration among different stakeholders involved in the proj...read more

NVH stands for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness. Single line exhaust and dual line exhaust refer to the number of exhaust pipes in a vehicle.

• NVH refers to the level of noise, vibration, and harshness in a vehicle

• Single line exhaust has one exhaust pipe while dual line exhaust has two

• Dual line exhaust can improve engine performance and sound

• NVH is an important factor in vehicle design and can affect customer satisfaction

BGP community is a way to tag routes with additional information. It helps in controlling the flow of traffic.

• BGP community is a 32-bit number that can be attached to a route advertisement.

• It is used to tag routes with additional information.

• It helps in controlling the flow of traffic by allowing network administrators to manipulate the way BGP routes are propagated and selected.

• BGP communities can be used to implement policies such as traffic engineering, route filtering, an...read more

TreeSet prints elements in natural order. Employee objects will be printed based on their natural order.

• TreeSet prints elements in natural order

• Employee objects will be printed based on their natural order

• Natural order of Employee objects is determined by their implementation of Comparable interface

Ball valves have a spherical closure unit while gate valves have a wedge-shaped closure unit.

• Ball valves are quick to open and close, while gate valves take longer.

• Ball valves are better for controlling flow, while gate valves are better for on/off control.

• Ball valves are commonly used in applications such as water supply, oil and gas, and chemical processing.

• Gate valves are commonly used in applications such as irrigation, fire protection, and HVAC systems.

Led a team to develop a new feature for a mobile app

• Identified the need for a new feature based on user feedback

• Created a detailed plan outlining tasks and deadlines

• Assigned tasks to team members based on their strengths

• Regularly communicated with team members to track progress and address any issues

• Conducted testing and gathered feedback to make necessary improvements

• Successfully launched the feature on schedule

Form the largest string using a, b, and c with the condition that 3 (a, b, or c) can't be together.

• Start with the most frequent letter and alternate with the other two.

• If there are two letters with the same frequency, start with the one that has the least number of adjacent letters.

• Example: 'abcabcab' is not valid, but 'abacbac' is valid and larger.

EPG is Electronic Program Guide used for TV listings. Contract iOS is used for EPG communication due to its reliability and security.

• EPG is a digital guide that provides information about TV programs and schedules.

• Contract iOS is a secure and reliable way to communicate EPG data between devices.

• EPG data can be accessed through set-top boxes, smart TVs, and mobile apps.

• EPG data includes program titles, descriptions, start and end times, and channel information.

Use Java 8 streams to find the 3rd highest element in an unsorted array with duplicates.

• Convert the array to a stream using Arrays.stream()

• Use distinct() to remove duplicates

• Sort the stream in descending order using sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())

• Skip the first two elements using skip(2)

• Find and return the third element using findFirst()

We are using Java 11 in our project, which includes features like local variable type inference, HTTP client API, and improved security.

• Java 11 introduced local variable type inference, allowing the compiler to infer the type of a variable based on the initializer.

• The HTTP client API in Java 11 provides a more modern and flexible way to send HTTP requests and handle responses.

• Java 11 also includes improved security features, such as TLS 1.3 support and stronger algorithms for...read more

We are using Spring Boot version 2.5.2 in our project, which includes features like improved startup performance, enhanced actuator endpoints, and updated dependencies.

• Spring Boot 2.5.2 offers improved startup performance compared to previous versions.

• Enhanced actuator endpoints provide better monitoring and management capabilities.

• Updated dependencies ensure compatibility with the latest libraries and frameworks.

Use a magnetic level gauge to measure the level of a vertical vessel for calibration.

• Install a magnetic level gauge on the vertical vessel.

• Ensure the gauge is properly calibrated and zeroed.

• Take readings at various levels and record the corresponding magnetic field strengths.

• Compare the readings to a calibration curve to determine the actual level of the vessel.

• Adjust the gauge if necessary and repeat the process until accurate readings are obtained.

Yes, I have experience in testing. Types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

• Unit testing involves testing individual components or functions of the software.

• Integration testing checks if different modules work together correctly.

• System testing ensures the entire system functions as expected.

• Acceptance testing involves testing the software with end-users to ensure it meets requirements.

Executable files are present in bindir and configuration files are present in sysconfigdir in Linux.

• bindir typically contains executable files such as binaries and scripts

• sysconfigdir typically contains configuration files for system-wide settings

• Examples: /usr/bin/ contains executable files, /etc/sysconfig/ contains configuration files

Create end to end pipelines in Data Factory with SQL and ASQL as source and target respectively.

• Use Copy Data activity to move data from SQL source to ASQL target

• Define linked services for SQL and ASQL in Data Factory

• Create datasets for SQL and ASQL tables

• Map columns between source and target datasets

• Configure data flow activities for any transformations needed

Circuit breaker pattern is a design pattern used in cloud platforms to prevent cascading failures.

• It is used to detect failures and prevent them from causing further damage

• It works by temporarily blocking requests to a service that is experiencing issues

• Once the service is back up, the circuit breaker allows requests to resume

• Examples include Netflix's Hystrix and AWS's Circuit Breaker

Technical questions related to switching, VLANs, and Python string slicing for Lead Engineer position.

• A loop in switching occurs when a broadcast packet is forwarded endlessly between switches.

• To say VLAN 200 is working on a switch, you can check the VLAN database or use the show vlan command.

• An ethernet frame is tagged when it has a VLAN ID added to its header, and untagged when it does not.

• Regarding the project, provide details on the scope, timeline, and deliverables.

• Pytho...read more

Service discovery is the process of automatically locating services in a network. Azure provides Azure Service Fabric for service discovery.

• Service discovery helps in locating services in a network without hardcoding their addresses.

• Azure Service Fabric provides a built-in service discovery mechanism.

• Service Fabric uses naming conventions and DNS resolution to discover services.

• Service Fabric also provides APIs for service discovery.

• Other tools for service discovery in Azure ...read more

Java memory management, string pool, Java 8 features, multi threading, design patterns

• Java memory management involves managing memory allocation for heap and stack. Heap is used for storing objects and is managed by garbage collector. Stack is used for method calls and local variables.

• String pool is a special area in heap memory where String literals are stored to optimize memory usage. Strings with same values are stored only once in the pool.

• Java 8 features include lambda e...read more

Configuring a frequency input pin in MCAL and its flow till application layer

• Frequency input pin is configured in MCAL using configuration tools like AUTOSAR

• MCAL provides low-level drivers for hardware access

• The configured pin is then used by the HAL layer to provide higher-level drivers

• The application layer uses the HAL drivers to access the pin for frequency measurement

• The flow involves configuration, driver generation, and application usage

Azure functions are event-driven, serverless compute solutions while worker processes are long-running processes.

• Azure functions are triggered by events such as HTTP requests, messages in a queue, or changes in a database.

• Worker processes are long-running processes that perform a specific task continuously.

• Azure functions are serverless, meaning that the infrastructure is managed by Azure.

• Worker processes require a server or virtual machine to run on.

• Azure functions are bille...read more

The number of handshakes in a party with 30 members where each person shakes hands with every other person once.

• Calculate the total number of handshakes using the formula n(n-1)/2, where n is the number of people.

• Substitute n=30 in the formula to get the total number of handshakes.

• Total handshakes = 30(30-1)/2 = 435 handshakes.

MLAG is a protocol used for creating a loop-free network topology. LACP and PAGP are link aggregation protocols.

• MLAG stands for Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group.

• It allows multiple switches to appear as a single logical switch to the connected devices.

• LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is an IEEE standard protocol used for link aggregation.

• PAGP (Port Aggregation Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary protocol used for link aggregation.

• Both LACP and PAGP are used to bundle ...read more

To design a power supply, one must consider the requirements and specifications of the hardware. Testing involves verifying the output voltage and current, efficiency, and reliability.

• Determine the power requirements of the hardware

• Select appropriate components for the power supply

• Design the circuit and layout

• Simulate the circuit to ensure proper functionality

• Prototype and test the power supply

• Verify the output voltage and current meet the hardware requirements

• Measure the eff...read more

Ground clearance of 11KV Line, network cleaning, and AT&C loss calculation explained.

• Ground clearance of 11KV Line is typically around 5.5 meters to ensure safety from accidental contact.

• Network cleaning refers to the process of removing unwanted or unnecessary data, files, or connections from a network to improve performance and security.

• AT&C loss stands for Aggregate Technical and Commercial loss, which is the difference between the amount of electricity supplied to an area...read more

I would use Spring Boot to create a stateless microservice with CRUD API, returning appropriate responses for each operation.

• Use @RestController annotation to define RESTful endpoints

• Implement methods for Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations using @PostMapping, @GetMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping annotations

• Return appropriate HTTP status codes (e.g. 200 for successful operation, 404 for not found, 400 for bad request)

• Return response entities with relevant data (e....read more

Finding repeating number with linear complexity.

• Use Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm to detect the cycle in the sequence.

• Maintain two pointers, one moving at a rate of one step and the other at a rate of two steps.

• When they meet, move one pointer to the start and keep the other pointer at the meeting point.

• Move both pointers at a rate of one step until they meet again, which is the start of the cycle.

• The number at the start of the cycle is the repeating number.

Unit test cases for a module can be created by identifying different scenarios and inputs to test the functionality.

• Identify the different functionalities of the module that need to be tested

• Create test cases for each functionality, including positive and negative scenarios

• Ensure test cases cover edge cases and boundary conditions

• Use testing frameworks like JUnit, NUnit, or pytest to automate the testing process

• Mock dependencies or use stubs to isolate the module being tested

Integrating third party libraries involves adding the library to the project dependencies and configuring it for use.

• Add the library as a dependency in the project's build file (e.g. Gradle, Maven)

• Import the necessary classes or functions from the library in your code

• Configure any necessary settings or initialization code for the library to work properly

• Ensure compatibility with the project's existing codebase and dependencies

• Update the project's documentation to include info...read more