200+ Lead Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Implement a function to find square root of a number with specified decimal precision.

• Implement a function that takes two integers N and D as input and returns the square root of N with precision up to D decimal places.

• Ensure that the discrepancy between the computed result and the correct value is less than 10^(-D).

• Handle multiple test cases efficiently within the given constraints.

• Consider using mathematical algorithms like Newton's method for square root calculation.

• Test t...read more

Perform vertical order traversal of a binary tree based on decreasing 'Y' coordinates.

• Implement a function to perform vertical order traversal of a binary tree

• Nodes are added in order from top to bottom based on decreasing 'Y' coordinates

• Handle cases where two nodes have the same position by adding the node that appears first on the left

Indexes can slow down insert performance due to the overhead of maintaining the index.

• Inserting data into the table without indexes will be faster than inserting into the table with indexes.

• The more indexes a table has, the slower the insert performance will be.

• However, indexes can improve query performance by allowing the database to quickly find the data being searched for.

Calculate x raised to the power of n, accepting x and n as input and displaying the result.

• Accept two integers x and n as input

• Compute x^n and display the result

• Handle special case 0^0 = 1

• Ensure x is between 0 and 8, and n is between 0 and 9

Convert a given string into a zig-zag pattern on a specified number of rows and output the result row-wise.

• Iterate through the string and place characters in the zig-zag pattern based on the row number

• Keep track of the direction of movement (up or down) to determine the row placement

• Combine characters from each row to get the final result

Static and default methods in functional interfaces provide utility methods and default implementations for interface methods in real-time applications.

• Static methods in functional interfaces can be used for utility methods that are not tied to a specific instance of the interface.

• Default methods in functional interfaces provide default implementations for interface methods, allowing for backward compatibility when new methods are added to the interface.

• In real-time applicati...read more

Pessimistic locking is when a resource is locked for a long time, while optimistic locking is when a resource is locked only when it is being modified.

• Pessimistic locking involves locking a resource for a long time to prevent other users from accessing it.

• Optimistic locking involves locking a resource only when it is being modified, allowing other users to access it in the meantime.

• Pessimistic locking is useful when conflicts are likely to occur, while optimistic locking is u...read more

Angular is a popular front-end web application framework that uses TypeScript as its primary language.

• Angular is developed and maintained by Google.

• It is used for building dynamic, single-page web applications.

• It uses TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript, which adds features like static typing and class-based object-oriented programming.

• Angular provides a range of features like data binding, dependency injection, and component-based architecture.

• Some popular websites built wi...read more

Use a bean before it is destroyed by implementing a pre-destroy method

• Implement a method annotated with @PreDestroy in the bean class

• This method will be called before the bean is destroyed

• Perform any necessary cleanup or final operations in this method

Load balancing is the process of distributing network traffic across multiple servers to avoid overloading a single server.

• Load balancing helps to improve the performance, availability, and scalability of applications.

• It can be achieved through hardware or software solutions.

• Examples of load balancing algorithms include round-robin, least connections, and IP hash.

• Load balancing can also be combined with other techniques such as caching and compression to further optimize perf...read more

I am familiar with a variety of programming languages and tools.

• Languages: Java, Python, C++, JavaScript, SQL

• Tools: Git, JIRA, Jenkins, Eclipse, Visual Studio

• Frameworks: Spring, React, Angular, Node.js

• Databases: MySQL, MongoDB, Oracle

The architecture of our current project is a microservices-based system with a combination of RESTful APIs and message queues.

• Utilizes microservices architecture for scalability and flexibility

• Uses RESTful APIs for communication between services

• Incorporates message queues for asynchronous processing

• Each microservice is responsible for a specific domain or functionality

• Data is stored in a combination of relational and NoSQL databases

Java and .NET are both powerful platforms for software development, each with unique features and ecosystems.

• Java is platform-independent due to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), while .NET is primarily Windows-based but has expanded with .NET Core.

• Java uses a syntax similar to C++, while .NET languages like C# have a syntax that is more modern and user-friendly.

• Java has a strong emphasis on object-oriented programming, while .NET supports multiple programming paradigms, includ...read more

Routing is the process of selecting a path for network traffic to travel from one network to another.

• Routing is done by routers in a network.

• Types of routing include static routing, dynamic routing, and default routing.

• Static routing involves manually configuring the routes.

• Dynamic routing uses protocols to automatically update the routing table.

• Default routing is used when there is no specific route for a packet.

• Examples of routing protocols include OSPF, BGP, and RIP.

Intermediate operators transform or filter the stream elements, while terminal operators produce a result or side effect.

• Intermediate operators include filter(), map(), sorted(), distinct(), etc.

• Terminal operators include forEach(), collect(), reduce(), count(), etc.

• Intermediate operators are lazy and do not execute until a terminal operator is called.

• Terminal operators trigger the stream processing and produce a result or side effect.

Answers to technical questions for Lead Software Engineer position

• Protractor is an end-to-end testing framework for AngularJS applications

• Package lock file is used to lock the version of dependencies installed in a project

• === checks for both value and type equality while == checks for value equality only

• function reverseNumber(num) { return parseInt(num.toString().split('').reverse().join('')) }

A thread is a lightweight sub-process that allows concurrent execution within a process. Threads can be created in multiple ways.

• Threads can be created by extending the Thread class in Java.

• Threads can be created by implementing the Runnable interface in Java.

• Threads can be created using thread pools in Java.

• Threads can be created using asynchronous functions in JavaScript.

Condition can depend on various factors such as environment, genetics, lifestyle, and medical history.

• Condition can depend on environmental factors like pollution, climate, and access to healthcare.

• Genetics play a role in determining one's predisposition to certain conditions.

• Lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and stress management can impact one's overall health.

• Medical history, including past illnesses and treatments, can also influence current condition.

Modeling a product involves defining test cases for both functional and non-functional requirements to ensure quality and performance.

• Identify functional requirements: e.g., user authentication, data processing.

• Define non-functional requirements: e.g., performance, security, usability.

• Create test cases for functional aspects: e.g., test login with valid/invalid credentials.

• Develop non-functional test cases: e.g., load testing for 1000 concurrent users.

• Consider edge cases: e.g...read more

CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a security feature that restricts web pages from making requests to a different domain.

• CORS issue occurs when a web page tries to access resources from a different domain

• It is a security feature implemented by web browsers to prevent cross-site scripting attacks

• CORS issue can be resolved by configuring the server to allow cross-origin requests or by using JSONP

• It can occur in AJAX requests, web fonts, images, and videos

Sync call blocks the execution until the response is received, while asynchronous call allows the program to continue executing without waiting for the response.

• Sync call blocks the program execution until the response is received

• Asynchronous call allows the program to continue executing without waiting for the response

• Sync calls are easier to understand and debug, but can lead to performance issues if used excessively

• Asynchronous calls are more efficient for handling multipl...read more

I prefer 5*5 as it is a standard mathematical operation for multiplication.

• Multiplication is a fundamental arithmetic operation.

• 5*5 is more commonly used in mathematical calculations.

• 5+5 is a simple addition operation.

Caching is the process of storing frequently accessed data in a temporary storage area for faster access.

• Caching reduces the time and resources required to access data.

• Types of caching include browser caching, server caching, and database caching.

• Browser caching stores web page resources like images, stylesheets, and scripts on the user's device.

• Server caching stores frequently accessed data on the server to reduce database queries.

• Database caching stores frequently accessed ...read more

AIDL and HIDL are communication interfaces used in Android development. Android Boot Up Sequence, Architecture, Components Framework, and Activity Lifecycle are key concepts in Android development.

• AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language) is used for inter-process communication in Android. It allows different applications to communicate with each other.

• HIDL (Hardware Interface Definition Language) is used for communication between Android system services and hardware compo...read more

Use the POJO's attributes that define equals() and hashCode() methods as the key in the Hashmap.

• Ensure the POJO class overrides equals() and hashCode() methods.

• Create an instance of the POJO and use it as the key in the Hashmap.

The best pen in the market should have a comfortable grip, smooth writing experience, long-lasting ink, and a stylish design.

• Comfortable grip for extended use

• Smooth writing experience for effortless writing

• Long-lasting ink to avoid frequent refills

• Stylish design to appeal to customers

STLC outlines the phases of software testing, ensuring quality and efficiency in the development lifecycle.

• 1. Requirement Analysis: Understand testing requirements based on specifications.

• 2. Test Planning: Define the scope, resources, and schedule for testing activities.

• 3. Test Case Design: Create detailed test cases and scenarios based on requirements.

• 4. Test Environment Setup: Prepare the necessary hardware and software for testing.

• 5. Test Execution: Execute the test cases ...read more