Cerium Systems Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. CDC related question
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Q1. Relocation and salary
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Aptitude and Digital Electronics questions.

Q1. Race around condition
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Q1. Your qualifications
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Q2. Where are you from
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Q3. Any communication skills
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Time and work, series and speed quantitative aptitude

Q1. Basic interview questions in digital electronics
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Q2. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous counters
Ans. 
Synchronous counters use clock signal to change state while asynchronous counters use external inputs.
• Synchronous counters change state on every clock pulse

• Asynchronous counters change state based on external inputs

• Synchronous counters are faster and more reliable

• Asynchronous counters are simpler and cheaper

• Example of synchronous counter: Johnson counter

• Example of asynchronous counter: Ripple counter
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Simple questions related to trains,probability etc.. and technical questions as part 2

Q1. What is a diode?,can you expalin about power amplifiers?
Ans. 
A diode is an electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction only. Power amplifiers are electronic devices that increase the power of a signal.
• A diode is made up of a p-type and n-type semiconductor material.

• It is commonly used in rectifiers, voltage regulators, and signal demodulators.

• Power amplifiers are used to increase the power of a signal, such as in audio systems or radio transmitters.

• They can...read more
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Q2. Which protocols do you know and explain about it ?
Ans. 
I know about various protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc. that are used for communication over networks.
• TCP/IP is a suite of protocols used for communication over the internet.

• HTTP is used for communication between web servers and clients.

• FTP is used for file transfer between computers.

• SMTP is used for email communication.

• Other protocols include DNS, SSH, Telnet, etc.
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Q3. What is race around condition and how can you overcome ?
Ans. 
Race around condition occurs when two or more signals are changing at the same time, leading to unpredictable output. It can be overcome by using flip-flops.
• Race around condition is a digital logic problem that occurs when two or more signals change at the same time, leading to unpredictable output.

• It can be overcome by using flip-flops, which store the input signal and only change the output signal when the clock sign...read more
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Q4. What is difference between filpflop and latch?
Ans. 
Flip-flop is clocked while latch is level triggered.
• Flip-flop is edge-triggered while latch is level-triggered.

• Flip-flop stores data on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.

• Latch stores data when the enable signal is high.

• Flip-flops are used in synchronous circuits while latches are used in asynchronous circuits.

• Examples of flip-flops are D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop. Examples of latches are SR latc
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Q5. What is c language? , what is pointer?, what dynamic memory?
Ans. 
C is a programming language used for system programming. Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Dynamic memory is memory allocated during runtime.
• C is a low-level language used for system programming

• Pointers are variables that store memory addresses

• Dynamic memory is memory allocated during runtime

• Pointers are used to manipulate memory and improve performance

• Dynamic memory allocation is done using functions
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Q6. What is counter, explain about synchronous counters?
Ans. 
Synchronous counters are digital circuits that use clock signals to synchronize the counting process.
• Synchronous counters are also known as parallel counters.

• They use flip-flops to store the count value.

• The clock signal is applied to all the flip-flops simultaneously.

• Synchronous counters are faster and more reliable than asynchronous counters.

• Examples of synchronous counters include binary, decade, and BCD counters.
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Q7. Can you expalin about johnson counter?
Ans. 
Johnson counter is a type of shift register circuit used in digital electronics.
• It is a synchronous counter with a feedback path.

• It has a sequence of states that are repeated in a cyclic manner.

• It has a maximum count of 2^n where n is the number of flip-flops used.

• It is used in applications such as frequency division, digital clocks, and sequence generation.

• Example: A 4-bit Johnson counter has 8 states and can be used
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Q8. And asked one c language program to expalin
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Q1. Introduce your self and tell me about your family
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Q2. What are your strenghts and weekness
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Q3. What is your long term and short term goals
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Basic aptitude questions were asked

Q1. Technical consists of questions from Communications,Digital,C,Analog
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Q2. Questions were asked on Edc and Digital Electronics
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Q1. How many combinations of inverter can be made using just 1 nand gate
Ans. 
1 NAND gate can be used to make 2 combinations of inverter.
• A NAND gate can be used to make an inverter by connecting both inputs together.

• The output of the NAND gate will be the inverted input.

• Thus, there are 2 possible combinations of inverter using just 1 NAND gate.
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Q2. Using 2:1 mux make inverter, AND Gate, OR Gate.
Ans. 
Using 2:1 mux, implement inverter, AND gate, OR gate.
• For inverter, connect one input to select line and other input to ground

• For AND gate, connect one input to select line and other input to input signal, output is inverted

• For OR gate, connect one input to select line and other input to input signal, output is not inverted

• Use truth tables to verify functionality
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Q3. 4:1 mux using 2:1 mux
Ans. 
A 4:1 mux can be implemented using two 2:1 muxes.
• Connect the select line of both 2:1 muxes to the same select line of the 4:1 mux.

• Connect the output of one 2:1 mux to the input of the other 2:1 mux.

• Connect the inputs of both 2:1 muxes to the corresponding inputs of the 4:1 mux.

• The output of the 4:1 mux is the output of the second 2:1 mux.
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Q4. What is ring counter, Jhonson counter, Sync and Async Counters.
Ans. 
Ring, Johnson, Sync and Async counters are types of digital counters used in electronics.
• Ring counter is a circular shift register with only one flip-flop set to 1 at a time.

• Johnson counter is a modified ring counter with complemented output of the last flip-flop fed back to the input.

• Sync counters use a common clock signal for all flip-flops while Async counters use individual clock signals.

• Examples of Sync counters a...read more
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Q5. Explain the working of Shift Registers
Ans. 
Shift registers are sequential circuits that can store and shift data bits.
• Shift registers are made up of flip-flops that store data bits.

• Data can be shifted left or right through the register.

• Shift registers can be used for serial-to-parallel or parallel-to-serial conversion.

• Examples of shift registers include the Serial-in-Parallel-out (SIPO) and Parallel-in-Serial-out (PISO) registers.
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Q6. Setup time and Hold Time
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Q7. Flip-Flop Conversion (DFF to JKFF more).
Ans. 
Flip-flop conversion from DFF to JKFF
• Determine the excitation table for JK flip-flop

• Use the excitation table to derive the input equations for J and K

• Replace D input with J and K inputs in DFF circuit

• Verify the functionality of the converted JKFF circuit
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Q8. Data Types in Verilog
Ans. 
Verilog supports various data types including integer, real, reg, wire, and time.
• Integer data type is used for whole numbers

• Real data type is used for decimal numbers

• Reg data type is used for sequential logic

• Wire data type is used for combinational logic

• Time data type is used for simulation time

• Data types can be declared using keywords like 'integer', 'real', 'reg', 'wire', and 'time'

• Data types can also be declared wit...read more
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Q9. Difference between Task and Functions
Ans. 
Tasks are concurrent and functions are sequential in execution.
• Tasks can run concurrently and can communicate with each other using shared variables.

• Functions are executed sequentially and return a value to the calling function.

• Tasks can be used for parallel processing and can be scheduled by the operating system.

• Functions are used for modular programming and can be called from other functions or tasks.

• Example: A task ...read more
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Q10. Difference between Bocking and Non-Blocking in Verilog
Ans. 
Blocking waits for a process to complete before moving to the next, while non-blocking allows for concurrent execution.
• Blocking assignments use '=' operator, while non-blocking use '<=' operator.

• Blocking assignments are executed sequentially, while non-blocking assignments are executed concurrently.

• Blocking assignments are used for combinational logic, while non-blocking assignments are used for sequential logic.

• Exampl
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Q11. What do you mean by universal Gates?
Ans. 
Universal gates are logic gates that can be used to implement any Boolean function.
• Universal gates are NAND and NOR gates.

• They are called universal because they can be used to implement any Boolean function.

• This is because NAND and NOR gates are functionally complete.

• This means that any Boolean function can be expressed using only NAND or NOR gates.

• Other gates like AND, OR, and NOT gates are not functionally complete.

• F...read more
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