900+ Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Test Engineer interview questions on frameworks, testing types, bug tracking, and regression testing.

• Worked with Selenium framework with folder structure of test cases, test data, and page objects

• Functional testing includes smoke, sanity, and regression testing while non-functional testing includes performance and security testing

• Real-time scenario: prioritize and fix critical bugs first, communicate with stakeholders, and perform thorough testing before release

• Integration te...read more

Find the longest consecutive character path length for each character in a matrix given a string.

• Iterate through the matrix and for each character in the string, find the longest consecutive path in all 8 directions.

• Keep track of the current path length and update the maximum path length found so far.

• Ensure that the characters in the path are consecutive in alphabetical order.

• Return an array of the longest consecutive path lengths for each character in the string.

Old generation video game consoles faced various problems.

• Limited processing power and memory

• Low-quality graphics and sound

• Limited game storage capacity

• Lack of online connectivity

• Compatibility issues with newer TVs

• Limited multiplayer options

A type of testing is functional testing which tests the functionality of the software.

• Functional testing checks if the software meets the requirements and specifications

• It involves testing individual functions or features of the software

• Examples include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing

Answering common questions related to software testing

• SDLC - Software Development Life Cycle

• STLC - Software Testing Life Cycle

• Smoke testing - preliminary testing to check if the software is stable enough for further testing

• Sanity testing - quick testing to check if the major functionalities are working as expected

• Regression testing - testing to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect existing functionalities

• Test strategy - a plan for how testing will be carried...read more

Interview questions for Test Engineer position covering topics like testing types, bug life cycle, constructors, locators, and priority/severity.

• White box testing is testing the internal structure of the application, black box testing is testing the functionality without knowledge of internal structure, and grey box testing is a combination of both.

• Bug life cycle includes stages like new, open, assigned, fixed, verified, and closed.

• Deferred means postponing the bug fix to a l...read more

The different types of automation testing include unit testing, functional testing, integration testing, regression testing, and performance testing.

• Unit testing focuses on testing individual components or units of code.

• Functional testing verifies that the software meets the specified functional requirements.

• Integration testing checks the interaction between different components or modules of the software.

• Regression testing ensures that changes or updates to the software do n...read more

The current through the secondary side of a transformer can be calculated using the turns ratio.

• The turns ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding.

• The current in the primary and secondary windings of a transformer is inversely proportional to the turns ratio.

• To calculate the current in the secondary winding, use the formula: I2 = (I1 * V1) / V2, where I1 is the current in the primary wind...read more

Game testing differs from software testing in terms of scope, complexity, and user experience.

• Game testing involves testing the functionality, performance, and usability of video games.

• Software testing focuses on testing the functionality and performance of software applications.

• Game testing requires specialized knowledge of game mechanics, graphics, audio, and user interactions.

• Software testing typically involves testing business logic, data processing, and user interfaces.

• G...read more

PAN Card has 10 digits, while Aadhar Card has 12 digits, both essential for identification in India.

• PAN Card: 10 alphanumeric characters (e.g., ABCDE1234F)

• Aadhar Card: 12 numeric digits (e.g., 1234 5678 9012)

• PAN is used for tax purposes, while Aadhar is for identity verification.

• Both are issued by the Government of India.

The Singleton pattern restricts a class to a single instance, useful for shared resources like database connections.

• Private constructor prevents instantiation from outside the class.

• Static instance variable holds the single instance of the class.

• Lazy initialization creates the instance only when needed.

• Eager initialization creates the instance at class loading time.

• Thread safety can be achieved using synchronized methods or blocks.

• Double-checked locking reduces synchronizatio...read more

Checked exceptions require handling; unchecked exceptions do not. Custom exceptions can be either, based on use case.

• Checked exceptions must be caught or declared (e.g., IOException, SQLException).

• Unchecked exceptions do not require explicit handling (e.g., NullPointerException, ArithmeticException).

• Checked exceptions promote robust error handling but can clutter code.

• Unchecked exceptions indicate programming errors that should be fixed.

• Use custom exceptions for specific erro...read more

Immutability in Java ensures objects cannot be modified after creation, enhancing safety and consistency in multi-threaded environments.

• Immutable objects cannot be changed after creation, e.g., String class.

• Thread-safe by nature, preventing unintended side effects in multi-threaded programs.

• To create an immutable class, use final fields and avoid setters.

• Collections can be made immutable using Collections.unmodifiableList().

• Useful for caching and maintaining consistency acros...read more

Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance, providing a global point of access to it.

• Private constructor prevents instantiation from outside the class.

• Static instance variable holds the single instance of the class.

• Lazy initialization creates the instance only when needed.

• Eager initialization creates the instance at class loading time.

• Thread safety can be achieved using synchronized methods or blocks.

• Double-checked locking reduces synchronization overhead for per...read more

Immutability in Java ensures objects cannot be changed after creation, enhancing thread safety and reducing side effects.

• Immutable objects cannot be modified after creation, e.g., String class in Java.

• Thread-safe: Since they cannot change, they prevent issues in multi-threaded environments.

• Prevent unintended side effects, making code easier to understand and maintain.

• To create an immutable class, use final fields and avoid setters, e.g., a class with only getters.

• Collections ...read more

Immutability in Java means objects cannot be modified after creation, enhancing safety and performance.

• Immutability ensures thread safety, as immutable objects can be shared without synchronization.

• Example: String class in Java is immutable; once created, its value cannot change.

• Immutable objects can be cached and reused, reducing memory overhead.

• In the Flyweight pattern, immutable objects are shared to minimize memory usage, as they do not change state.

Java annotations provide metadata for classes, enhancing readability and reducing boilerplate in frameworks like Spring.

• Annotations like @Component and @Service simplify bean configuration in Spring.

• Using @Autowired allows for automatic dependency injection, reducing manual wiring.

• Custom annotations can encapsulate repetitive logic, improving code clarity.

• Annotations like @Transactional manage database transactions declaratively.

• Built-in annotations like @Override enhance cod...read more

final, finally, and finalize serve different purposes in Java: constants, cleanup, and garbage collection respectively.

• final: Used to declare constants. Example: final int MAX_VALUE = 100;

• finally: A block that executes after try-catch. Example: try { ... } catch { ... } finally { cleanup(); }

• finalize(): A method called by the garbage collector. Example: protected void finalize() { ... }

• final variable: Cannot be reassigned after initialization. Example: final String name = 'Jo...read more

Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while overriding changes a parent's method in a subclass.

• Method Overloading: Same method name, different parameters (e.g., int add(int a, int b) vs. double add(double a, double b)).

• Method Overriding: Subclass provides a specific implementation of a method defined in its superclass (e.g., class Animal has method sound(), class Dog overrides it).

• Overloading is resolved at compile time (stati...read more

Java Streams enable parallel processing via ForkJoin framework, enhancing performance but with potential pitfalls.

• Use parallelStream() for parallel processing: Example: list.parallelStream().map(...).collect(Collectors.toList());

• Avoid shared mutable state to prevent race conditions: Use immutable objects or thread-safe collections.

• Consider the size of the dataset: Parallel processing is beneficial for large datasets but may introduce overhead for small ones.

• Use appropriate re...read more

Java Streams enable parallel processing using ForkJoin framework, but have pitfalls like race conditions and performance issues with small datasets.

• Use parallelStream() for parallel processing: List<String> parallelList = list.parallelStream().filter(...).collect(Collectors.toList());

• Avoid shared mutable state to prevent race conditions: Use immutable objects or thread-safe collections.

• Use appropriate data structures: Prefer collections that support parallel operations, like ...read more

Java's garbage collector reclaims memory from unused objects, optimizing performance and managing memory efficiently.

• Garbage collection in Java is automatic, freeing developers from manual memory management.

• The heap is divided into Young Generation (short-lived objects) and Old Generation (long-lived objects).

• Minor GC occurs in the Young Generation, while Major GC (Full GC) affects the Old Generation and can cause application pauses.

• CMS (Concurrent Mark-Sweep) GC minimizes st...read more

Functional interfaces in Java enable concise implementations using lambda expressions, enhancing code readability and flexibility.

• A functional interface has exactly one abstract method, e.g., Runnable, Callable.

• Lambda expressions provide a shorthand way to implement functional interfaces, e.g., () -> System.out.println("Hello").

• Functional interfaces can have multiple default or static methods, allowing for added functionality without breaking existing code.

• The @FunctionalInte...read more

Java annotations provide metadata for classes and methods, enhancing code readability and reducing boilerplate in frameworks like Spring.

• Annotations like @Component and @Service in Spring simplify bean management and dependency injection.

• Built-in annotations such as @Override and @Deprecated improve code clarity by indicating method behavior and deprecation status.

• Custom annotations can be created using @interface to encapsulate specific behaviors or configurations.

• Retention ...read more

Java's synchronized keyword offers simplicity for thread safety but has limitations like performance issues and potential deadlocks.

• Synchronized is easy to use and requires less code, making it suitable for simple scenarios.

• It automatically releases the lock when the thread exits the synchronized block, reducing the risk of forgetting to unlock.

• Performance can degrade with high contention, as threads may block each other, leading to increased context switching.

• Deadlocks can o...read more

Lambda expressions enhance Java code by promoting functional programming, improving readability, and simplifying code maintenance.

• Concise syntax: Lambda expressions reduce boilerplate code, making it easier to read. Example: (x) -> x * 2 instead of creating a separate class.

• Improved focus: They allow developers to focus on the 'what' rather than the 'how', enhancing clarity. Example: list.forEach(item -> System.out.println(item)).

• Encourages functional programming: Promotes th...read more

Java Streams enable functional operations on collections with lazy evaluation, unlike Iterators which are more imperative.

• Streams support functional-style operations like filter(), map(), and reduce().

• Example: list.stream().filter(x -> x > 10).collect(Collectors.toList());

• Streams are not reusable; once consumed, they cannot be used again.

• Iterators can be reset and reused, allowing for multiple traversals.

• Parallel streams can improve performance by utilizing multiple threads.

• E...read more