Top 250 Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers

To reduce execution time in Selenium, optimize test scripts, use efficient locators, and run tests in parallel.

• Optimize test scripts by removing unnecessary steps and reducing wait times

• Use efficient locators such as CSS selectors instead of XPath

• Run tests in parallel using tools like Selenium Grid or TestNG

• Use headless browsers like PhantomJS to speed up tests

• Use page object model to reduce code duplication and improve maintainability

Test cases for a login page

• Verify login with valid credentials

• Verify login with invalid credentials

• Verify login with empty username and password fields

• Verify login with only username field filled

• Verify login with only password field filled

• Verify login with special characters in username and password fields

• Verify login with maximum length of username and password fields

• Verify login with minimum length of username and password fields

Smoke testing is a quick and shallow test to ensure the basic functionality of an application. Regression testing is a comprehensive test to ensure that changes made to the application do not affect its existing functionality.

• Smoke testing is performed after a new build is received and before regression testing.

• Smoke testing is a subset of regression testing.

• Regression testing is performed after changes are made to the application.

• Regression testing ensures that the existing ...read more

Automation testing is the use of tools and scripts to execute test cases, while manual testing is performed manually by human testers.

• Automation testing involves the use of automation tools and scripts to execute test cases.

• Manual testing is performed manually by human testers without the use of automation tools.

• Automation testing is faster and more efficient for repetitive tasks.

• Manual testing allows for exploratory testing and human intuition.

• Automation testing is suitable ...read more

Manual testing is done manually by humans while automation testing is done using tools and scripts.

• Manual testing is time-consuming and prone to human errors while automation testing is faster and more reliable.

• Manual testing is suitable for exploratory testing while automation testing is best for regression testing.

• Manual testing requires human skills and knowledge while automation testing requires programming skills.

• Manual testing is cost-effective for small projects while ...read more

Smoke testing is a quick and shallow test to check if the basic functionalities of the software are working. Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing that checks if the bugs have been fixed and the new changes have not introduced new bugs.

• Smoke testing is performed to ensure that the software is stable enough for further testing.

• Sanity testing is performed after a new build is received to check if the critical functionalities are working as expected.

• Smoke testing is a...read more

Software testing is necessary to ensure the quality, reliability, and functionality of software.

• Identify and fix bugs or defects in the software

• Ensure the software meets the specified requirements

• Validate the software's functionality and performance

• Enhance user experience by identifying and resolving usability issues

• Increase software reliability and reduce the risk of failures

• Ensure compatibility with different platforms, devices, and environments

• Verify security measures and ...read more

White box testing is a method of testing where the internal structure and implementation details of the software are known and tested. Black box testing is a method of testing where the internal structure and implementation details of the software are unknown and only the inputs and outputs are tested.

• White box testing is also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, or structural testing.

• It focuses on testing the internal logic, code paths, and branches of the software...read more

API testing is a type of software testing that involves testing APIs directly and their integration with other components.

• API testing involves testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs.

• Types of API testing include unit testing, functional testing, load testing, security testing, and fuzz testing.

• Unit testing involves testing individual API functions and methods.

• Functional testing involves testing the overall functionality of the API.

• Load testin...read more

Functional testing is a type of testing that verifies if the software meets the specified requirements.

• It focuses on the functionality of the software

• It is performed to ensure that the software meets the business requirements

• Types of functional testing include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing

• Examples of functional testing tools include Selenium, HP QuickTest Professional, and IBM Rational Functional Tester

Answers to questions related to pytest and robotframework

• Fixtures in pytest are functions that provide a fixed baseline for tests to run on

• Markers in pytest are used to mark tests with metadata such as priority or category

• Robotframework architecture consists of test libraries, test cases, and keywords

• Test cases in robotframework are written in a tabular format using keywords and arguments

• Reports in robotframework can be generated using the built-in report generation tool or b...read more

Pytest fixtures are used to set up preconditions for tests, share resources, and reduce code duplication.

• Fixtures help in setting up preconditions for tests, such as creating test data or initializing objects.

• They allow for sharing resources across multiple tests, reducing code duplication.

• Fixtures can be used to simulate real-world scenarios, like setting up a database connection or mocking external services.

• They provide a way to organize and manage test setup and teardown l...read more

Failed test cases can be rerun in TestNG using the 'rerun-failed.xml' file.

• Create a new XML file named 'rerun-failed.xml'

• Add the failed test cases to the XML file using the 'include' tag

• Run the 'rerun-failed.xml' file using TestNG

Performance testing is the process of evaluating the speed, responsiveness, stability, and scalability of a software application.

• It involves simulating real-world scenarios to measure the application's performance under different loads.

• JMeter is a popular open-source tool used for performance testing.

• It can be used to test web applications, APIs, and databases.

• JMeter allows testers to create and execute test plans, generate reports, and analyze results.

• Performance testing hel...read more

Integration testing is a type of testing where multiple components are tested together to ensure they work as expected.

• Test cases should cover all possible combinations of inputs and outputs

• Test cases should include both positive and negative scenarios

• For an ATM, test cases should cover withdrawal, deposit, balance inquiry, and error scenarios

• Test cases should also cover integration with external systems such as the bank's database

Load Runner and JMeter are performance testing tools used to measure the performance of web applications.

• Load Runner is a licensed tool developed by Micro Focus that supports a wide range of protocols and technologies.

• JMeter is an open-source tool developed by Apache that supports HTTP, FTP, JDBC, and other protocols.

• Both tools simulate user traffic and measure the response time, throughput, and resource utilization of the application.

• Load Runner has a user-friendly interface...read more

Selenium supports various locators such as ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, Link Text, Partial Link Text, CSS Selector and XPath.

• ID locator is the most efficient and reliable locator

• Name locator is used for locating elements by their name attribute

• Class Name locator is used for locating elements by their class attribute

• Tag Name locator is used for locating elements by their tag name

• Link Text locator is used for locating elements by their link text

• Partial Link Text locator is u...read more

I have experience in various types of testing including functional, regression, performance, and security testing.

• Functional testing - testing the functionality of the software against the requirements

• Regression testing - testing the software after changes have been made to ensure that existing functionality has not been affected

• Performance testing - testing the software's performance under different loads and conditions

• Security testing - testing the software's security featu...read more

The prerequisites for testing a web application include understanding the application's requirements, having access to the application's documentation, and setting up a suitable testing environment.

• Understanding the application's requirements and functionality

• Access to the application's documentation, including user manuals and technical specifications

• Setting up a suitable testing environment, including necessary hardware, software, and network configurations

• Identifying any d...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not.

• Testing involves identifying defects or errors in software applications.

• STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is a process that defines the various stages involved in testing software applications.

• STLC includes stages such as requirement analysis, test planning, test case development, test execution, and test closure.

• Testing can be done...read more

QA focuses on preventing defects, while QC focuses on identifying and fixing defects.

• QA stands for Quality Assurance and is a proactive process that focuses on preventing defects by establishing processes and standards.

• QC stands for Quality Control and is a reactive process that focuses on identifying and fixing defects through testing and inspection.

• QA involves activities like requirement analysis, test planning, and process improvement.

• QC involves activities like test execu...read more

Test case for login button on a website

• Verify that clicking on the login button redirects to the login page

• Ensure that the login button is visible and clickable

• Test that the login button is disabled if no credentials are entered

• Check that the login button is enabled only when valid credentials are entered

System testing verifies the entire system as a whole, while integration testing verifies the interaction between different components.

• System testing checks the system's compliance with requirements and specifications

• Integration testing checks the interaction between different modules or components

• System testing is done after integration testing

• System testing is a black box testing technique

• Integration testing is a white box testing technique

• Examples of system testing include ...read more

No, Cucumber is not a testing tool.

• Cucumber is a tool used for behavior-driven development (BDD) and not specifically for testing.

• It allows non-technical stakeholders to understand and collaborate on the development process.

• Cucumber uses a plain-text format called Gherkin to describe the behavior of an application.

• It acts as a bridge between the business and technical teams, facilitating communication and ensuring that the software meets the desired behavior.

• Cucumber can be i...read more

Test cases will be executed in a dedicated testing environment.

• Test cases will be executed in a separate environment to avoid interference with the production environment.

• The testing environment will be set up to mimic the production environment as closely as possible.

• Test cases will be executed on multiple platforms and browsers to ensure compatibility.

• Automated testing tools will be used to execute test cases efficiently.

• Manual testing will also be performed to ensure thoro...read more

Alerts in Cypress can be handled using cy.on() method and event listeners.

• Use cy.on() method to listen to the 'window:alert' event

• Pass a callback function to handle the alert message

• Use cy.stub() method to stub the window.alert() method

• Check if the alert was called with the expected message using cy.get('@stub').should('have.been.calledWith', 'expected message')

Common exceptions in Selenium automation include NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, and StaleElementReferenceException.

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element cannot be found in the DOM.

• TimeoutException occurs when a command takes longer than the timeout value to complete.

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM.

• Other exceptions include ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException, and WebDriverException.

I have automated around 200 test cases in my previous job.

• Automated test cases for web applications using Selenium WebDriver

• Automated API test cases using RestAssured

• Automated mobile app test cases using Appium

• Used TestNG and JUnit frameworks for test automation

• Implemented data-driven and keyword-driven testing approaches

To make an xpath for the 4th child node out of 5 children nodes with the same tag, use the position() function.

• Use the position() function in the xpath expression

• Add the index of the child node you want to test inside the position() function

• Example: //parentTag/childTag[position()=4]

Game testing differs from software testing in terms of scope, complexity, and user experience.

• Game testing involves testing the functionality, performance, and usability of video games.

• Software testing focuses on testing the functionality and performance of software applications.

• Game testing requires specialized knowledge of game mechanics, graphics, audio, and user interactions.

• Software testing typically involves testing business logic, data processing, and user interfaces.

• G...read more

Functional testing checks if the system meets requirements while non-functional testing checks system performance.

• Functional testing checks if the system meets requirements while non-functional testing checks system performance.

• Functional testing is concerned with what the system does while non-functional testing is concerned with how well the system does it.

• Functional testing includes unit testing, integration testing, and system testing while non-functional testing includes...read more

Regression testing is the process of testing changes made to an application to ensure that existing functionality still works.

• It is performed after making changes to the software to ensure that the existing functionality is not affected.

• It helps to identify any new defects or issues that may have been introduced due to the changes made.

• It is usually automated to save time and effort.

• It is an important part of the software testing process.

• Example: After adding a new feature to...read more

Different types of waits in Selenium include implicit wait, explicit wait, and fluent wait.

• Implicit wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception if an element is not immediately available.

• Explicit wait: Waits for a specific condition to be met before proceeding with the next steps.

• Fluent wait: Waits for a certain condition to be satisfied with a defined polling frequency.

• Examples: Thread.sleep(5000) for a static wait, WebDriverWait for explicit wait, ...read more

Testing without a specification requirement document requires a creative and exploratory approach.

• Analyze the available information and gather requirements from stakeholders.

• Create test scenarios and test cases based on assumptions and common usage patterns.

• Perform exploratory testing to uncover any unexpected behavior.

• Use risk-based testing to prioritize areas of the application that are critical or prone to defects.

• Leverage past experience and knowledge of similar systems t...read more

Runtime settings in LoadRunner are used to control the behavior of virtual users during test execution.

• Runtime settings include options for controlling the number of virtual users, the duration of the test, and the type of data to be collected.

• They can also be used to set up logging and monitoring, as well as to configure network and browser settings.

• Examples of runtime settings include the think time setting, which controls the delay between user actions, and the rendezvous ...read more

Testing process should start as early as possible in the software development life cycle.

• Testing should start in the requirements gathering phase

• Test cases should be created as soon as the requirements are finalized

• Early testing helps in identifying defects and reduces the cost of fixing them

• Testing should be an ongoing process throughout the development cycle

Test cases are individual steps to test a specific functionality while test plan is a comprehensive document outlining testing approach.

• Test cases are detailed steps to be executed to verify a specific functionality or requirement

• Test plan is a high-level document outlining the testing approach, scope, objectives, and timelines

• Test cases are derived from the test plan and are used to execute the testing

• Test plan is created at the beginning of the testing phase while test case...read more

Defect is a deviation from expected behavior. Defect Life Cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, and resolving defects.

• Defect is a flaw or error in a product or service that deviates from its expected behavior.

• Defect Life Cycle includes identifying, reporting, prioritizing, fixing, and verifying defects.

• Defects can be found during testing, development, or even after release.

• Defects can be classified based on severity, priority, and type.

• Examples of defects include cr...read more

Mobile testing is performed by creating test cases, selecting devices, and using automation tools.

• Create test cases based on requirements and user scenarios

• Select devices based on market share and user demographics

• Use automation tools like Appium or Selenium for functional and regression testing

• Perform manual testing for usability, accessibility, and compatibility

• Test for network connectivity, battery usage, and performance

• Verify app store submission guidelines and security s...read more

Test cases are specific conditions or actions used to test a software application. Test scenarios are a series of test cases.

• Test cases are designed to ensure that the software meets the requirements and functions as expected.

• Test scenarios are a collection of test cases that are executed in a specific order to test a particular feature or functionality.

• Test cases and scenarios are used to identify defects and ensure that the software is of high quality.

• Test cases and scenari...read more

Cross browser testing is the process of testing a website or application across different web browsers to ensure compatibility.

• It involves testing the functionality and appearance of a website or application on multiple browsers.

• It helps identify and fix any issues or inconsistencies that may arise due to browser-specific behaviors.

• Common browsers for cross browser testing include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer.

• Cross browser testing can be done manually or usi...read more

Both development and testing are equally important for delivering quality software.

• Development and testing are two sides of the same coin.

• Development creates the software while testing ensures its quality.

• Testing helps identify and fix bugs, improving the overall quality of the software.

• Without testing, software can have critical bugs that can lead to disastrous consequences.

• Both development and testing require different skill sets and are equally important for delivering qua...read more

Dynamic wait can be handled using explicit wait in automation.

• Explicit wait allows the automation script to wait for a specific condition to occur before proceeding.

• It can be used to wait for an element to be visible, clickable, or present.

• Timeouts can be set for explicit wait to avoid waiting indefinitely.

• Examples of explicit wait include WebDriverWait in Selenium and WebDriverWait in Appium.

Testing challenges include lack of resources, time constraints, and communication issues. Overcoming them requires proper planning and collaboration.

• Lack of resources, such as hardware or software, can hinder testing efforts

• Time constraints may lead to rushed testing and incomplete coverage

• Communication issues between team members can result in misunderstandings and errors

• Proper planning and collaboration can help overcome these challenges

• Establish clear testing goals and pri...read more

Prerequisites of Appium include installing Node.js, Java Development Kit (JDK), Android SDK, and Appium server.

• Install Node.js

• Install Java Development Kit (JDK)

• Install Android SDK

• Install Appium server

Unit testing tests individual units of code while integration testing tests how multiple units work together.

• Unit testing is done by developers and focuses on testing individual functions or methods.

• Integration testing is done by testers and focuses on testing how different modules or components work together.

• Unit tests are usually automated and run frequently during development.

• Integration tests are usually manual and run less frequently.

• Unit tests are faster and easier to d...read more

To move to a child window in Selenium, we need to switch to the window using window handles.

• Get the window handle of the parent window using driver.getWindowHandle()

• Get all the window handles using driver.getWindowHandles()

• Switch to the child window using driver.switchTo().window(childWindowHandle)

• Perform actions on the child window

• Switch back to the parent window using driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowHandle)

Smoke test is a subset of sanity test. Smoke test checks if the critical functionalities are working. Sanity test checks if the major functionalities are working.

• Smoke test is performed to ensure that the critical functionalities of the software are working as expected.

• Sanity test is performed to ensure that the major functionalities of the software are working as expected.

• Smoke test is a subset of sanity test.

• Smoke test is a quick and shallow test to identify major issues ea...read more

Selenium has different components like Selenium WebDriver, Selenium IDE, Selenium Grid, and Selenium RC.

• Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating web applications.

• Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool for creating test cases.

• Selenium Grid allows running tests on multiple machines in parallel.

• Selenium RC (Remote Control) is a deprecated component that allows executing tests on different browsers and operating systems.

Defects can be classified into four types: functional, performance, cosmetic, and structural.

• Functional defects affect the functionality of the software, such as incorrect calculations or missing features.

• Performance defects affect the speed or efficiency of the software, such as slow response times or high resource usage.

• Cosmetic defects affect the appearance of the software, such as incorrect fonts or colors.

• Structural defects affect the code structure of the software, such...read more

Testing is necessary to ensure the quality and reliability of software applications.

• Identifies defects and bugs in the software

• Verifies that the software meets the specified requirements

• Ensures the software functions correctly in different environments

• Enhances user experience by identifying and fixing usability issues

• Reduces the risk of software failures and downtime

• Saves time and money by detecting issues early in the development cycle

To test two reports that point to separate databases, compare the data in both reports and verify their accuracy.

• Identify the databases that the reports are pointing to

• Retrieve the data from both databases

• Compare the data in the reports to ensure they match

• Verify the accuracy of the data by cross-referencing with the original sources

• Perform data integrity checks to ensure the data is consistent and complete

Acceptance testing is a type of testing to ensure that the software meets the customer's requirements. Beta testing is done by end-users.

• Acceptance testing is done to ensure that the software meets the customer's requirements

• It is usually done by the customer or a representative of the customer

• Beta testing is done by end-users to identify any issues before the software is released to the public

• Beta testing is usually done in a real-world environment

• Both acceptance testing and...read more

Sanity test is a narrow regression test while Smoke test is a broader test to check if the application is stable enough for further testing.

• Sanity test is a quick test to check if the critical functionalities are working after a small change in the code.

• Smoke test is a broader test to check if the application is stable enough for further testing.

• Sanity test is usually performed by developers while Smoke test is performed by testers.

• Sanity test is a subset of regression testin...read more

To handle alerts in Selenium, we use the Alert interface and its methods.

• To switch to an alert, we use the switchTo() method of WebDriver class.

• To accept or dismiss an alert, we use the accept() or dismiss() method of Alert interface.

• To get the text of an alert, we use the getText() method of Alert interface.

• To send text to an alert, we use the sendKeys() method of Alert interface.

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, retesting, and closing a software bug.

• Bug is identified by tester

• Bug is reported to development team

• Development team fixes the bug

• Tester retests the bug

• If bug is fixed, it is closed

• If bug is not fixed, it is reopened

WebDriver is a method used for automating web applications by controlling a browser through a programming language.

• WebDriver is a tool used for automating web applications

• It allows controlling a browser through a programming language

• It supports various programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.

• It provides various methods for interacting with web elements like click(), sendKeys(), getText(), etc.

QA focuses on preventing defects while QC focuses on identifying and correcting defects.

• QA is a proactive process that involves planning, designing, and implementing quality systems to prevent defects from occurring.

• QC is a reactive process that involves testing and inspecting products or services to identify and correct defects.

• QA is focused on the entire process of product development, while QC is focused on the final product.

• Examples of QA activities include developing qua...read more

Appium is an open-source tool for automating mobile applications. Appium Inspector is a GUI tool to inspect mobile app elements.

• Appium is used for testing mobile applications on both iOS and Android platforms

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, Ruby, etc.

• Appium Inspector is a part of Appium Desktop and helps in identifying elements of a mobile app

• It provides a visual representation of the app's UI hierarchy and allows users to interact with the app du...read more

Scenarios are high-level descriptions of user actions and system responses, while test cases are specific steps to verify functionality.

• Scenarios describe user interactions with the system, while test cases verify specific functionality.

• Scenarios are often used in the early stages of testing to identify potential issues, while test cases are used for more detailed testing.

• Scenarios can be used to create test cases, but not all scenarios will have corresponding test cases.

• Test...read more

Different types of data validation and checks in ETL testing include schema validation, data completeness checks, data transformation checks, and data quality checks.

• Schema validation ensures that the data conforms to the expected structure and format.

• Data completeness checks verify that all expected data is present and accounted for.

• Data transformation checks ensure that data is accurately transformed according to business rules.

• Data quality checks assess the accuracy, consi...read more

Types of test include unit, integration, system, acceptance, regression, performance, and security testing.

• Unit testing: testing individual components of the software

• Integration testing: testing how different components work together

• System testing: testing the entire system as a whole

• Acceptance testing: testing to ensure the software meets the requirements of the stakeholders

• Regression testing: testing to ensure changes to the software do not break existing functionality

• Perfo...read more

Boundary value analysis is a testing technique that involves testing values at the edges or boundaries of input domains.

• It helps identify errors that occur at the boundaries of input values

• It involves testing values at the upper and lower limits of input domains

• It is used to ensure that the software behaves correctly when it encounters boundary values

• For example, if a program accepts values between 1 and 100, boundary value analysis would test values like 1, 100, and 101

End to end testing is a methodology to test the entire system flow from start to finish.

• It involves testing all the components of the system together

• It ensures that the system is working as expected in real-world scenarios

• It helps identify any issues or bottlenecks in the system flow

• Examples include testing an e-commerce website from browsing to checkout

• Automated tools can be used to perform end to end testing

Acceptance testing can be performed by creating test cases based on user requirements and executing them to ensure the system meets the acceptance criteria.

• Create test cases based on user requirements

• Execute test cases to ensure the system meets acceptance criteria

• Automate acceptance testing using tools like Selenium or Cucumber

• Involve stakeholders in the acceptance testing process to ensure their needs are met

Load Runner is a performance testing tool used to measure system behavior under load.

• Load Runner can simulate thousands of users accessing an application simultaneously

• It can measure response time, throughput, and resource utilization

• It supports a variety of protocols including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more

• Load Runner can generate detailed reports and graphs to analyze test results

Yes, there are several software testing frameworks available.

• Software testing frameworks provide a structured approach to testing software applications.

• They offer a set of guidelines, tools, and libraries to automate and streamline the testing process.

• Some popular software testing frameworks include Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, and Cucumber.

• Selenium is widely used for web application testing, while JUnit and TestNG are commonly used for unit testing in Java.

• Cucumber is a behavior...read more

Testing types include functional, non-functional, regression, performance, security, usability, and acceptance testing.

• Functional testing checks if the software meets the specified requirements.

• Non-functional testing checks the software's performance, security, and usability.

• Regression testing ensures that changes to the software do not affect existing functionality.

• Performance testing checks the software's speed, scalability, and stability under various loads.

• Security testin...read more

POM stands for Page Object Model. It is a design pattern used in automation testing to create a structured and maintainable framework.

• POM separates the test scripts from the web elements, making the code more readable and reusable.

• Each web page is represented as a separate class, containing its own web elements and methods.

• POM improves test maintenance by reducing code duplication and enhancing code reusability.

• It enhances collaboration between developers and testers as they ...read more

Rest-assured is a Java-based library used for testing RESTful APIs.

• Rest-assured simplifies the testing of RESTful APIs by providing a domain-specific language (DSL) for writing tests.

• To handle certificate issues in rest-assured, we can use the relaxedHTTPSValidation() method to bypass SSL certificate validation.

• We can also import the certificate into the truststore and use it for SSL validation.

Adhoc testing is informal and unplanned, while regression testing ensures that previous functionality is not affected.

• Adhoc testing is performed without any specific test cases or plan.

• It is usually done randomly or based on the tester's intuition.

• Regression testing is performed to ensure that changes or additions to the software do not impact existing functionality.

• It involves retesting the previously tested functionalities to ensure they still work as expected.

• Adhoc testing...read more

To identify objects in Selenium, we use locators such as ID, Name, Class Name, XPath, CSS Selector, etc.

• Locators are used to identify web elements on a page

• ID and Name are the most commonly used locators

• XPath and CSS Selector are more powerful but slower

• Class Name is useful for identifying multiple elements with the same class

• Locators can be used with findElement() and findElements() methods

• Example: driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

Levels of testing refer to the different stages or phases of testing in software development.

• Unit Testing: Testing individual components or units of code.

• Integration Testing: Testing the interaction between different components or modules.

• System Testing: Testing the entire system as a whole.

• Acceptance Testing: Testing the system against the user's requirements.

• Regression Testing: Testing to ensure that changes or fixes do not introduce new issues.

• Performance Testing: Testing ...read more

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or component to find defects or errors.

• Testing is an essential part of the software development life cycle.

• It involves executing a system or component with the intent of finding defects.

• Blackbox testing is a testing technique where the internal structure or implementation details of the system are not known to the tester.

• Test cases are designed based on the expected inputs and outputs of the system.

• Blackbox testing focuses on vali...read more

A QA (Quality Assurance) is responsible for ensuring that software products meet the required quality standards.

• Develop and execute test plans and test cases

• Identify and report defects and issues

• Collaborate with developers to resolve issues

• Ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations

• Continuously improve testing processes and methodologies

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not.

• Testing is done to identify defects or errors in the system

• It involves executing a system or its component(s) with test cases

• Testing can be done manually or using automated tools

• Types of testing include functional, performance, security, and usability testing

• Testing is an iterative process that continues throughout the software devel...read more

Selenium framework is a set of tools, libraries, and guidelines for automating web browsers. It supports multiple programming languages.

• Selenium framework is used for automating web browsers.

• It provides a set of tools and libraries for writing test scripts.

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.

• Test cases can be automated using Selenium WebDriver, which interacts with the web browser.

• Selenium WebDriver allows locating elements on a web pag...read more

I will use a combination of manual and automated testing strategies to ensure comprehensive testing.

• Developing test cases based on requirements and user stories

• Performing functional, regression, and integration testing

• Using tools like Selenium and JMeter for automated testing

• Performing exploratory testing to uncover defects

• Collaborating with developers to ensure timely defect resolution

Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in test automation to create an object repository for web UI elements.

• POM helps in creating reusable and maintainable code by separating the test logic from the page-specific details.

• Each web page is represented as a separate class, and the UI elements and their actions are defined as methods within that class.

• POM improves code readability, reduces code duplication, and enhances test maintenance.

• TestNG annotations are used in T...read more

Test methods for stress testing of Furniture class

• Create a large number of Furniture objects and check for memory leaks

• Simulate heavy usage by continuously calling methods and check for performance issues

• Test the Furniture class with maximum allowed input values and check for any errors or crashes

Data driven testing is a testing methodology where test input and output values are stored in data files or databases.

• Test cases are created based on data sets

• Data sets are stored in external files or databases

• Allows for easy maintenance and scalability of test cases

• Reduces the need for code changes when test data changes

Testing methods / stages include unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing.

• Unit testing: testing individual units or components of the software

• Integration testing: testing how different units or components work together

• System testing: testing the entire system as a whole

• Acceptance testing: testing to ensure the software meets the requirements and is ready for release

• Regression testing: testing to ensure that changes or updat...read more

Assertions in Selenium are used to verify the expected behavior of a web application.

• Assertions are used to validate the actual result against the expected result.

• They help in identifying the defects in the application.

• Assertions can be used for verifying the presence or absence of an element, text, or attribute.

• They can also be used for comparing values, checking the title of a page, etc.

• Examples of assertions in Selenium include assertEqual, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertN...read more

Components can be tested through various methods such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing.

• Unit testing involves testing individual components in isolation to ensure they function correctly.

• Integration testing verifies the interaction between different components to ensure they work together as expected.

• System testing tests the entire system to validate its functionality and performance.

• Other testing methods include regression testing, performance testing,...read more

Validating API through Postman involves sending requests, receiving responses, and verifying data.

• Create a new request in Postman and enter the API endpoint

• Add any required headers, parameters, or body data

• Send the request and check the response status code

• Verify the response body for expected data or values

• Use assertions in Postman to validate response data

• Save the request in a collection for future testing

Mobile testing is more complex due to device fragmentation and different OS versions, while web testing is more standardized.

• Mobile testing requires testing on various devices and OS versions

• Mobile testing involves testing for different screen sizes and resolutions

• Web testing is more standardized and involves testing on different browsers

• Web testing involves testing for different screen sizes and resolutions as well

• Mobile testing requires testing for different network conditi...read more

Failed test screenshots can be taken using automation tools and saved in a designated folder.

• Use automation tools like Selenium or Appium to capture screenshots on test failure

• Save the screenshots in a designated folder for easy access and reference

• Include the screenshot file name in the test report for better traceability

Alpha testing and beta testing are two types of software testing performed before releasing the software to the public.

• Alpha testing is performed by the developers in-house, before releasing the software to external testers.

• Beta testing is performed by external testers, after the software has been released to a limited audience.

• Alpha testing is focused on identifying bugs and issues in the software, while beta testing is focused on gathering feedback from users.

• Alpha testing ...read more

UAT testing is User Acceptance Testing, where end-users test the software to ensure it meets their requirements.

• UAT testing is the final phase of testing before the software is released to the end-users.

• It is performed by end-users or a representative group of end-users.

• The goal of UAT testing is to ensure that the software meets the business requirements and is fit for purpose.

• UAT testing can be performed manually or using automation tools.

• Examples of UAT testing include tes...read more

Enough testing is done when all the requirements are met and the risk of defects is acceptable.

• Ensure all requirements are tested

• Use risk analysis to determine acceptable defect rate

• Consider time and budget constraints

• Review test coverage and results

• Get feedback from stakeholders

Test case can be executed multiple times using automation tools or by manually running the test case.

• Use automation tools like Selenium or Appium to execute test cases multiple times.

• Create a loop in the automation script to execute the test case multiple times.

• Manually execute the test case multiple times by following the steps in the test case document.

• Use data-driven testing to execute the same test case with different input values.

• Use random testing to execute the test ca...read more

Test strategies are plans or approaches that outline how testing will be conducted to ensure the quality of a product or system.

• Test strategies define the scope, objectives, and priorities of testing.

• They outline the types of tests to be performed, such as functional, performance, or security testing.

• Test strategies also specify the test environment, test data, and resources required for testing.

• They define the entry and exit criteria for testing phases.

• Test strategies may in...read more

RFT stands for Renal Function Test, a group of tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning.

• RFT includes tests like serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

• These tests help in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and dehydration.

• Abnormal RFT results may indicate kidney dysfunction or other underlying health issues.

• RFT is an important tool in assessing renal health ...read more

The number of tests in RFT varies depending on the specific panel being used.

• RFT stands for Renal Function Test.

• There are several tests included in RFT, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

• The exact number of tests in RFT can vary, but it typically includes multiple parameters to assess kidney function.

• Other tests that may be included in RFT are electrolyte levels, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride.

• The specific ...read more

Android testing is the process of testing applications developed for the Android operating system.

• It involves testing the functionality, performance, and usability of Android apps.

• Testing can be done manually or using automated tools like Espresso, UI Automator, and Robolectric.

• Types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, and acceptance testing.

• Common testing challenges include device fragmentation, compatibility issues, and security concerns.

A QA tester is responsible for ensuring software products meet quality standards through testing and identifying defects.

• QA testers perform manual and automated testing on software products

• They create test plans and test cases to ensure all aspects of the software are tested

• QA testers work closely with developers to identify and resolve defects

• They document and report defects to the development team

• QA testers may also be responsible for regression testing and user acceptance ...read more

Retest testing is done to verify if a failed test case has been fixed, while regression testing is done to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect existing functionality.

• Retest testing is done after a failed test case has been fixed to ensure that it now passes.

• Regression testing is done to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect existing functionality.

• Retest testing is a subset of regression testing.

• Regression testing is done after every change ...read more