Econstruct Design And Build Interview Questions and Answers

BIM application in highway models involves creating a digital representation of the road and its infrastructure.

• BIM can be used to design and visualize highway projects

• It allows for collaboration between different stakeholders

• BIM can help with clash detection and reduce errors in construction

• It can also be used for maintenance and asset management

• Examples include the use of BIM in the construction of the M25 motorway i

I review/check work of an originator in Civil3D Models by following a systematic approach.

• I check for errors and inconsistencies in the model.

• I verify that the model adheres to the project standards and specifications.

• I ensure that the model is accurate and complete.

• I communicate with the originator to clarify any issues or concerns.

• I document any changes or revisions made to the model.

• I perform a final review before s

Roundabout parameters and values vary based on urban and rural settings.

• Urban roundabouts typically have smaller diameters and tighter curves than rural roundabouts.

• Rural roundabouts may have larger diameters and wider curves to accommodate larger vehicles.

• Speed limits, traffic volume, and pedestrian and cyclist activity also influence roundabout design.

• Roundabout parameters may include lane widths, splitter island wid...read more

ARCADY and PICADY software require input such as road geometry, traffic flow, and vehicle characteristics.

• Road geometry data such as lane widths, radii, and gradients

• Traffic flow data such as traffic volume, speed, and composition

• Vehicle characteristics such as dimensions, speed, and acceleration

• Other inputs such as signal timings and pedestrian crossings

I am proficient in Civil3D and have extensive experience in using it for designing and drafting civil engineering projects.

• Expertise in creating and editing surfaces, alignments, profiles, and corridors

• Ability to generate 3D models and perform earthwork calculations

• Experience in creating plan and profile sheets, cross-sections, and quantity takeoffs

• Familiarity with Civil3D add-ons such as AutoTURN and Hydraflow

• Proficie...read more

The input required for a single line diagram includes information about the electrical system components and their connections.

• Information about the electrical system components such as generators, transformers, switchgear, and loads

• The connections between these components including the type of connection and the ratings of the equipment

• The voltage level of the system and the type of system grounding

• The protective devi...read more

Motor feeder and power feeder requirements are essential for electrical design engineers to ensure proper functioning of electrical systems.

• Motor feeder requirements include selecting the appropriate motor size, voltage, and current rating.

• Power feeder requirements involve determining the load requirements and selecting the appropriate cable size and voltage drop.

• Proper coordination and protection devices such as circu...read more

Hazardous area classification involves categorizing areas based on the presence of flammable gases, vapors, or dusts.

• Hazardous areas are classified based on the likelihood of the presence of flammable substances.

• Temperature Class refers to the maximum surface temperature of equipment that can be used in a hazardous area.

• Hazardous areas are categorized into zones based on the frequency and duration of the presence of fl...read more

1.25 FLA is taken for circuit breaker and 1.5 times for contactor to ensure protection against overloading and short circuits.

• 1.25 FLA is the maximum current that a circuit breaker can handle without tripping.

• 1.5 times FLA is taken for contactor to ensure that it can handle the inrush current during motor starting.

• This also provides protection against short circuits and overloading.

• For example, if the full load current...read more

Percentage Impedance is a measure of the voltage drop in a transformer during a short circuit. It determines the ability of the transformer to withstand short circuit currents.

• Percentage Impedance is the ratio of the rated voltage of a transformer to the short circuit current at its terminals, expressed as a percentage.

• It represents the internal impedance of the transformer and is usually provided by the manufacturer.

• A...read more

Protection schemes for transformers and generators.

• Overcurrent protection

• Differential protection

• Distance protection

• Restricted earth fault protection

• Backup protection

• Buchholz relay protection

• Thermal overload protection

• Under/over voltage protection

• Neutral grounding protection

Cable sizing is calculated using the formula for voltage drop, which takes into account resistive and inductive drop. Voltage drop is limited to 5% to ensure efficient power transmission.

• Cable sizing is determined by calculating the voltage drop using the formula: VD = (I * L * R * 2) / 1000

• Resistive drop is calculated using Ohm's Law: Vr = I * R

• Inductive drop is calculated using the formula: Vi = I * X

• Voltage drop is ...read more

Earthing calculation standards and resistances for substation and lightning protection.

• Earthing calculation involves determining the resistance of the earth electrode system.

• The standard used for earthing calculation is IEEE 80.

• The resistance in substation should be less than 1 ohm.

• The resistance for lightning protection should be less than 10 ohms.

• Factors affecting earthing calculation include soil resistivity, electr...read more

The motor contribution to the short circuit current is significant and needs to be considered in electrical design.

• The motor's impedance affects the short circuit current level.

• The motor's starting current can cause a significant increase in short circuit current.

• The motor's location in the electrical system can affect its contribution to the short circuit current.

• The motor's size and type can also impact its contribut...read more

Types of contactors include AC, DC, reversing, and definite purpose. Maximum efficiency of transformer depends on load and design.

• AC contactors are used for alternating current circuits

• DC contactors are used for direct current circuits

• Reversing contactors are used to reverse the direction of current flow

• Definite purpose contactors are designed for specific applications

• Maximum efficiency of transformer is achieved at fu...read more

Non-linear loads are electrical devices that do not have a linear relationship between the voltage and current.

• Non-linear loads draw non-sinusoidal current waveforms.

• They can cause harmonic distortion in the electrical system.

• Examples of non-linear loads include computers, televisions, and variable speed drives.

• Linear loads have a linear relationship between voltage and current, such as incandescent light bulbs.

• Linear

Explanation of lighting calculation, light loss factor, utilisation factor, and minimum lux required in substation.

• Lighting calculation involves determining the amount of light required in a space.

• Light loss factor is the reduction in light output due to factors such as dirt, dust, and aging of lamps.

• Utilisation factor is the ratio of light received by a surface to the total light output of the lamps.

• Formula for lighti...read more

APFC stands for Automatic Power Factor Correction. Series reactor is a device used to limit current flow.

• APFC is a system that automatically corrects the power factor of an electrical network.

• It uses capacitors to improve the power factor and reduce energy consumption.

• Series reactor is a device that is used to limit the flow of current in a circuit.

• It is used to protect equipment from overvoltage and to reduce harmonic...read more

A line chart for a 10 km action plan with safety precautions, procurement, manpower, and equipment.

• Identify safety precautions needed for the project

• Procure necessary equipment and manpower

• Create a timeline for the project

• Allocate resources efficiently

• Ensure compliance with regulations and standards

• Monitor progress and adjust plan as needed

To calculate pup-piece length for a 12 inch pipeline with two sections already lowered and overlap 5m and s-bend rolling, two 90 degree LR bends.

• Calculate the total length of the pipeline

• Subtract the length of the two sections already lowered and overlap 5m

• Add the length of the two 90 degree LR bends

• Divide the result by 2 to get the length of each pup-piece

Collapse and damage percentage for HDD crossings are calculated based on various factors such as soil type, borehole diameter, and drilling fluid properties.

• Collapse percentage is calculated using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

• Damage percentage is calculated based on the tensile strength of the pipe and the bending stress induced during the pullback process

• Factors such as soil type, borehole diameter, and drilling ...read more

Methodology for rock excavation involves drilling, blasting, and removal of debris. Quantity is measured by volume or weight.

• Drilling holes in rock using specialized equipment

• Placing explosives in the holes and detonating them

• Removing the debris using heavy machinery

• Measuring the quantity of rock excavated by volume or weight

• Using software to calculate the amount of explosives needed for a specific excavation project