100+ Cognizant Senior Associate Interview Questions and Answers

Primary objects in PLSQL are tables, views, sequences, procedures, functions, packages, triggers, and exceptions.

• Tables are used to store data.

• Views are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables.

• Sequences generate unique numbers.

• Procedures and functions are used to perform specific tasks.

• Packages are a collection of procedures, functions, and variables.

• Triggers are used to automatically execute code when a specific event occurs.

• Exceptions are used to handle err...read more

Adjusting a claim involves reviewing the claim details and making necessary changes to ensure accuracy and completeness.

• Review the claim details for accuracy

• Identify any missing or incorrect information

• Make necessary changes to the claim form or documentation

• Submit the adjusted claim for processing

• Follow up to ensure the claim is processed correctly

Interface defines a contract for classes to implement, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• Interface can only have abstract methods and constants, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for subclasses.

• Interfaces are used...read more

Authentication in MVC is the process of verifying the identity of a user before granting access to resources.

• Authentication in MVC can be implemented using various methods such as Forms Authentication, Windows Authentication, and OAuth.

• Forms Authentication involves users providing their credentials through a login form.

• Windows Authentication uses the Windows operating system to authenticate users based on their Windows credentials.

• OAuth allows users to log in using their exis...read more

Object shallow vs deep copy

• Shallow copy creates a new object that references the original object's properties

• Deep copy creates a new object with its own copy of the original object's properties

• Shallow copy is faster and uses less memory, but changes to the original object will affect the copy

• Deep copy is slower and uses more memory, but changes to the original object will not affect the copy

SOLID is a set of five design principles to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Objects should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types.

• I - Interface Segregation Principle: Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not us...read more

MD5 is a widely used cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value.

• MD5 stands for Message Digest Algorithm 5

• It is commonly used to verify data integrity by generating a unique hash value for a given input

• MD5 is not considered secure for cryptographic purposes due to vulnerabilities in its algorithm

Data modelling techniques involve creating a visual representation of data to understand relationships and patterns.

• Identifying entities and attributes

• Creating entity-relationship diagrams

• Normalizing data to reduce redundancy

• Using tools like ERwin or Visio

• Applying different modelling techniques like dimensional modelling or object-oriented modelling

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software development problems.

• Design patterns provide a common language for developers to communicate about solutions.

• They can improve code quality, maintainability, and scalability.

• Examples include the Singleton, Factory, and Observer patterns.

• Design patterns can be categorized into creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

Request Delegate is a middleware component in ASP.NET Core pipeline.

• Request Delegate is responsible for handling HTTP requests and generating HTTP responses.

• It is a function that takes an HttpContext object as input and returns a Task.

• It can be used to modify the request or response, or to pass the request to the next middleware component in the pipeline.

• Example: app.Use(async (context, next) => { await next(); });

Spring MVC is a framework for building web applications in Java.

• Spring MVC stands for Spring Model-View-Controller.

• It follows the MVC architectural pattern.

• It provides a flexible and powerful way to develop web applications.

• It integrates with other Spring frameworks like Spring Boot and Spring Security.

• It uses annotations and configuration files to define the application's behavior.

• It supports RESTful web services and can handle different types of requests and responses.

• It pr...read more

ASP.NET MVC is a web application framework developed by Microsoft for building dynamic websites.

• Model-View-Controller architecture separates the application into three main components

• Uses routing to map URLs to controller actions

• Supports test-driven development and dependency injection

• Example: Controllers handle user input, Models represent data, Views display the UI

Automation framework is a set of guidelines, best practices, tools, and libraries used to automate testing of software applications.

• Automation framework provides structure and guidelines for writing and executing automated tests.

• It helps in organizing test scripts, managing test data, and generating test reports.

• Examples of automation frameworks include Selenium, TestNG, and Robot Framework.

DeltaV recipes are used for process control in industries like oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

• DeltaV recipes are used to control and automate processes in various industries.

• They can be used to control temperature, pressure, flow rate, and other variables.

• Examples of industries that use DeltaV recipes include oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

• DeltaV recipes can be customized to meet the specific needs of each industry and process.

Redux flow is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

• Actions are dispatched to the store

• Reducers specify how the state changes in response to actions

• Store holds the state of the application

• Components subscribe to the store to get updates

AmoticInteger is not a standard Java class. It may be a typo for AtomicInteger.

• AtomicInteger is a class in Java's java.util.concurrent package.

• It provides atomic operations on an int value.

• It is often used for thread-safe counters and sequence generators.

• Example: AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); count.incrementAndGet();

• Example: AtomicInteger sequence = new AtomicInteger(100); int next = sequence.getAndIncrement();

I am a dedicated and experienced professional with a strong background in project management and team leadership.

• Over 8 years of experience in project management

• Proven track record of successfully leading cross-functional teams

• Strong communication and interpersonal skills

• Proficient in budget management and resource allocation

• Passionate about driving results and exceeding goals

The question is asking about the differences between 'var' and 'const' in JavaScript.

• var is used to declare variables that can be reassigned, while const is used to declare variables that cannot be reassigned.

• var has function scope, meaning it is accessible throughout the entire function it is declared in, while const has block scope, meaning it is only accessible within the block it is declared in.

• var variables are hoisted to the top of their scope, while const variables are...read more

Stream in Java 8 is a sequence of elements that supports various operations to perform functional-style transformations.

• Streams are created from collections or arrays using stream() method

• Operations like filter, map, reduce can be performed on streams

• Streams are lazy, meaning intermediate operations are only executed when a terminal operation is called

Python has several built-in data types including numeric, sequence, mapping, and boolean types.

• Numeric types include integers, floats, and complex numbers.

• Sequence types include lists, tuples, and strings.

• Mapping types include dictionaries.

• Boolean type includes True and False values.

Linked List vs Array

• Linked List is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the list.

• Arrays are a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations.

• Linked Lists are dynamic in size, while arrays have a fixed size.

• Insertion and deletion operations are faster in Linked Lists compared to arrays.

• Arrays provide faster access to elements using indexing.

• Arrays are suitable for random access and searching, while Linked Lists are better for frequent...read more

Cache is temporary storage used to store frequently accessed data for faster retrieval, while persist is permanent storage used to store data for long-term use.

• Cache is faster but volatile

• Persist is slower but data is retained

• Examples: caching web pages for faster loading, persisting user preferences in a database