200+ Pratiti Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Amazon Sites and app differ in their platform and user experience.

• Amazon Sites can be accessed through web browsers on desktop or mobile devices.

• Amazon app is a mobile application available for iOS and Android devices.

• Amazon Sites offer a wider range of features and functionalities compared to the app.

• The app provides a more streamlined and optimized user experience for mobile users.

• Amazon Sites may have a responsive design to adapt to different screen sizes, while the app is...read more

A company needs various financial services and support from a bank.

• Access to capital for business expansion and investment

• Cash management services for efficient handling of funds

• Credit facilities for working capital and financing needs

• Trade finance services for international transactions

• Risk management solutions to mitigate financial risks

• Expert advice and guidance on financial matters

• Access to digital banking platforms for convenient banking

• Relationship management and person...read more

Yes, I am ready to adapt with cloud technologies.

• I have experience working with cloud-based data warehousing solutions like Azure Synapse Analytics and AWS Redshift.

• I am familiar with cloud-based ETL tools like Azure Data Factory and AWS Glue.

• I am comfortable working with cloud-based BI tools like Power BI and Tableau Online.

• I am aware of the security and compliance considerations when working with cloud technologies.

• I am open to learning new cloud technologies as they emerge...read more

Corporate actions refer to events initiated by a publicly traded company that impact its shareholders and securities.

• Types of corporate actions include spin-offs, mergers, acquisitions, stock splits, dividends, and rights issues.

• A spin-off is when a company creates a new independent company from a division or subsidiary.

• A merger is when two companies combine to form a new entity.

• An acquisition is when one company buys another company.

• Stock splits increase the number of shares...read more

The format of balance sheet has not changed much over the years.

• The basic structure of balance sheet remains the same with assets on one side and liabilities and equity on the other.

• However, there have been some changes in the presentation and disclosure requirements.

• For example, companies are now required to disclose more information about their assets and liabilities, such as fair value measurements and off-balance sheet arrangements.

• Additionally, some companies now present...read more

Financial markets refer to the platforms where financial instruments are traded, such as stocks, bonds, and commodities.

• Financial markets are where buyers and sellers come together to trade financial instruments.

• These instruments can include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, and derivatives.

• Financial markets can be divided into primary and secondary markets, depending on whether the instruments being traded are newly issued or already existing.

• Examples of financial mark...read more

Enterprise value includes debt and equity value only includes shareholders' equity.

• Enterprise value is the total value of a company, including debt and equity, while equity value only includes shareholders' equity.

• Enterprise value is used to determine the total value of a company to both debt and equity holders, while equity value is used to determine the value available to shareholders.

• Enterprise value is calculated as market capitalization plus debt minus cash, while equity...read more

A Linux shell script can be used to read and parse a flat file.

• Use the 'read' command to read the file line by line

• Use 'cut' command to parse the data based on delimiter

• Use 'awk' command to filter and manipulate data

• Use 'sed' command to search and replace data

• Use 'grep' command to search for specific patterns in the file

Program to reverse a string in O(n/2) time complexity

• Initialize two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end of the string

• Swap characters at the two pointers and move them towards each other until they meet

• Repeat until the entire string is reversed

• Example: Input 'hello' -> Output 'olleh'

Sort and sum numbers from two arrays based on their sequence.

• Sort both arrays in ascending order.

• Iterate through both arrays simultaneously and compare the elements.

• If the elements are equal, add them and move to the next element in both arrays.

• If the element in the first array is smaller, move to the next element in the first array.

• If the element in the second array is smaller, move to the next element in the second array.

• Repeat until all elements have been compared and adde...read more

Join is used in SQL to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column, while merge is used in data manipulation tools like pandas to combine data frames based on common columns.

• Join is typically used in SQL queries to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column

• Merge is used in data manipulation tools like pandas to combine data frames based on common columns

• Join can be inner, outer, left, right, etc. depending on the requirement

• Merge in pand...read more

Customised immutable java class can be written by declaring all fields as final and not providing any setters.

• Declare all fields as final

• Do not provide any setters

• Provide a constructor to initialize all fields

• Override equals() and hashCode() methods

• Make the class final

Credit risk is the risk of default by a borrower, while counterparty risk is the risk of default by a trading partner.

• Credit risk is specific to the borrower's ability to repay a loan or debt.

• Counterparty risk is broader and includes the risk of default by any party involved in a financial transaction.

• Credit risk is typically associated with lending activities, while counterparty risk is more common in trading and investment activities.

• Examples of credit risk include a borrow...read more

I am passionate about operations and technology and believe they go hand in hand.

• I believe that technology can greatly enhance and streamline operations processes.

• I enjoy staying up to date with the latest technological advancements and finding ways to incorporate them into operations.

• I understand the importance of balancing technology with human interaction and communication.

• For example, implementing a new inventory management system can greatly improve efficiency and accura...read more

Cost centers and profit centers are divisions within a bank that either incur costs or generate profits respectively.

• Cost centers are divisions within a bank that incur costs, such as administrative departments, IT infrastructure, and compliance teams.

• Profit centers are divisions within a bank that generate profits, such as lending departments, investment banking, and wealth management.

• Examples of cost centers include back-office operations, human resources, and legal departm...read more

Form validations in Angular are built using Angular forms and validators.

• Use Angular forms to create form controls and group them together

• Apply built-in validators like required, minlength, maxlength, pattern, etc.

• Create custom validators for complex validation requirements

• Display error messages based on validation status

• Use reactive forms for more control and flexibility

Citi stands out from other banks due to its global presence, innovative technology, diverse product offerings, and commitment to sustainability.

• Global presence: Citi operates in over 160 countries, providing a truly global network for clients and employees.

• Innovative technology: Citi invests heavily in technology to deliver cutting-edge digital banking solutions and enhance customer experience.

• Diverse product offerings: Citi offers a wide range of financial products and servi...read more

Print 1-9 numbers in an infinite loop using JavaScript

• Use a while loop to continuously print numbers 1-9

• Use a counter variable to keep track of the current number being printed

• Reset the counter to 1 when it reaches 10

A Spring Boot application follows a predefined flow of execution.

• Application starts with main() method

• Spring Application Context is initialized

• Beans are created and dependencies are injected

• Application starts serving requests

• Requests are handled by Controllers and Services

• Responses are returned to the client

I manage customer expectations by setting clear goals, communicating effectively, and delivering on promises.

• I establish a clear understanding of what the customer wants and needs

• I communicate regularly and honestly about progress and any changes

• I underpromise and overdeliver to exceed expectations

• I handle any issues or concerns promptly and professionally

• I follow up after completion to ensure satisfaction and address any further needs

• For example, when working with a client w...read more

Hadoop Architecture is a distributed computing framework that allows for the processing of large data sets.

• Hadoop consists of two main components: Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce.

• HDFS is responsible for storing data across multiple nodes in a cluster.

• MapReduce is responsible for processing the data stored in HDFS by dividing it into smaller chunks and processing them in parallel.

• Hadoop also includes other components such as YARN, which manages resources in...read more

A chemical engineer can help Citi by providing expertise in process optimization, risk management, and sustainability.

• Optimizing Citi's manufacturing processes to reduce costs and increase efficiency

• Developing risk management strategies to ensure compliance with environmental regulations

• Implementing sustainable practices to reduce Citi's environmental impact

• Providing technical expertise in chemical reactions and materials science

• Collaborating with other engineers and scientis...read more

I use Snyk for identifying and fixing vulnerabilities in our codebase.

• We use Snyk to scan our code repositories for security vulnerabilities

• Snyk helps us prioritize and fix vulnerabilities in our applications

• Integrating Snyk into our CI/CD pipeline ensures security checks are automated

Approximately 400 million Whatsapp users in India

• India has a population of over 1.3 billion

• Whatsapp is one of the most popular messaging apps in India

• Assuming around 30% of the population uses Whatsapp

• Estimate based on internet penetration and smartphone usage in India

A table is a structured collection of data organized in rows and columns, while a view is a virtual table derived from one or more tables.

• Tables store data in a structured format with rows and columns, while views are virtual tables that display data from one or more tables based on a query.

• Views do not store data themselves but instead display data from the underlying tables.

• Views can be used to simplify complex queries, restrict access to certain columns, or provide a diffe...read more

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

• Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model.

• They use routing tables to determine the best path for data to travel.

• Routers can be configured using a web interface or command line interface.

• Examples of routers include Cisco, Netgear, and TP-Link.

• Configuration involves setting up IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.

Source of fund refers to where the money comes from, while wealth of fund refers to the total value of the fund.

• Source of fund is the origin of the money, such as salary, inheritance, or investment returns.

• Wealth of fund is the total value of the fund, including the initial investment amount and any additional contributions or returns.

• Source of fund is more focused on the origin or nature of the money, while wealth of fund is focused on the overall value or worth of the fund.

Program to print numbers 1 to 9 on repeat for 5 times

• Use a loop to iterate 5 times for repetition

• Inside the loop, use another loop to print numbers 1 to 9

Calculating percentage and decimals in fraction of seconds requires knowledge of basic math operations.

• To calculate percentage, divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100.

• To convert decimals to fractions, use the decimal as the numerator and a power of 10 as the denominator.

• Practice using a calculator or mental math to improve speed and accuracy.

HashMap in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values.

• HashMap uses hashing to store and retrieve key-value pairs.

• It uses an array of linked lists to handle collisions.

• The key's hash code is used to determine the index in the array where the key-value pair will be stored.

• If two keys have the same hash code, they are stored in the same linked list.

• HashMap allows one null key and multiple null values.

• Example: HashMap map ...read more

HashSet internally uses a HashMap to store elements as keys with a dummy value.

• HashSet uses a HashMap to store elements as keys with a dummy value

• It does not allow duplicate elements

• Elements are stored based on their hash code

• HashSet does not maintain insertion order

Collateral management involves monitoring and managing the assets provided as security for financial transactions.

• Collateral management ensures that the value of the collateral is sufficient to cover the risk of the transaction.

• It involves tracking the value of collateral, margin calls, and collateral substitutions.

• Collateral management helps mitigate counterparty credit risk in derivative transactions.

• Examples of collateral include cash, securities, and other financial instr...read more

The project features include real-time data processing, machine learning algorithms, and user-friendly interface.

• Real-time data processing for instant updates

• Machine learning algorithms for predictive analysis

• User-friendly interface for easy navigation

Burn down chart shows remaining work in a sprint. Sprint velocity is the amount of work completed in a sprint.

• Burn down chart visually represents the amount of work remaining in a sprint over time.

• Sprint velocity is the amount of work completed by a team in a sprint.

• Both are important tools in Agile project management for tracking progress and predicting future performance.

Probability based optimization problem

• Probability based optimization problems involve finding the optimal solution considering uncertain outcomes

• These problems often require the use of mathematical models and statistical analysis

• Examples include portfolio optimization, resource allocation, and production planning

• Solving such problems involves determining the probabilities of different outcomes and optimizing the decision-making process

Credit cards are financial tools that allow consumers to borrow money for purchases and pay it back later with interest.

• Credit cards are issued by financial institutions to consumers for making purchases and payments.

• They allow users to borrow money up to a certain limit, known as the credit limit.

• Users are required to pay back the borrowed amount along with interest within a specified period.

• Credit cards often come with rewards programs, cashback offers, and other benefits f...read more

Yes, I have a valid driving licence.

• I have a valid driving licence and can provide it if required.

• I am familiar with traffic rules and regulations.

• I have a clean driving record and have never been involved in any accidents.

• I am comfortable driving both manual and automatic vehicles.

• I always prioritize safety while driving.

Red flags in data can be identified through inconsistencies, outliers, missing values, and unusual patterns.

• Look for inconsistencies in the data such as contradictory information or errors.

• Identify outliers that are significantly different from the rest of the data points.

• Check for missing values that could indicate incomplete or inaccurate data.

• Look for unusual patterns or trends that deviate from the expected norms.

• Use data visualization techniques to easily spot red flags ...read more

My best quality is my ability to effectively communicate and collaborate with others.

• Strong communication skills

• Excellent interpersonal skills

• Ability to work well in a team

• Active listening

• Conflict resolution

• Empathy and understanding

• Clear and concise verbal and written communication

• Building positive relationships

• Providing constructive feedback

• Facilitating effective meetings

Bagging and boosting are ensemble methods used in machine learning to improve model performance.

• Bagging involves training multiple models on different subsets of the training data and then combining their predictions through averaging or voting.

• Boosting involves iteratively training models on the same dataset, with each subsequent model focusing on the samples that were misclassified by the previous model.

• Bagging reduces variance and overfitting, while boosting reduces bias a...read more

Memory management in Java is handled automatically by the JVM through garbage collection.

• Java uses automatic memory management through garbage collection to allocate and deallocate memory.

• Garbage collection in Java helps in reclaiming memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use.

• Java provides the 'finalize()' method to perform cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected.

Valuation formulas in credit analysis

• DCF calculation formula is used to estimate the value of an investment based on its future cash flows discounted back to present value

• Ratios formula includes Debt-to-Equity ratio, Current ratio, and Interest Coverage ratio to assess a company's financial health

• Interpretation of ratios involves comparing them to industry benchmarks and historical data

Promises in JavaScript are objects representing the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation.

• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Promises can be chained using .then() method to handle success and failure cases.

• They help in writing cleaner and more readable asynchronous code.

• Example: const myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { ... });

Return top 5 largest numbers from a list of random integers

• Sort the list of integers in descending order

• Return the first 5 numbers from the sorted list

ABS stands for Asset-Backed Securities and MBS stands for Mortgage-Backed Securities.

• ABS are securities backed by a pool of assets such as auto loans, credit card debt, or student loans.

• MBS are securities backed by a pool of mortgages, where the interest and principal payments from the mortgages are passed through to the investors.

• Both ABS and MBS are types of structured finance products that allow investors to invest in a diversified pool of assets.

End to end technical project management involves overseeing the entire project lifecycle from initiation to closure.

• Developing project plans and timelines

• Managing project scope, budget, and resources

• Coordinating with cross-functional teams

• Identifying and mitigating project risks

• Ensuring project deliverables meet quality standards

• Communicating project status to stakeholders

• Facilitating project meetings and decision-making

• Closing out the project and conducting post-project eval...read more

Banks generate reviews through customer feedback, surveys, and online platforms.

• Customer feedback: Banks often collect feedback from customers through surveys, feedback forms, or customer service interactions.

• Surveys: Banks may conduct surveys to gather opinions and ratings from customers regarding their experiences with the bank's services.

• Online platforms: Banks may have online platforms where customers can leave reviews and ratings, such as on their website or social media...read more

Options, swaps, and CDS are financial instruments used for hedging and risk management.

• Options are contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time.

• Swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows based on different financial instruments, such as interest rates or currencies.

• CDS (Credit Default Swaps) are contracts that allow investors to protect themselves against the risk of...read more

A chair is a piece of furniture used for sitting, while a cart is a vehicle used for transporting goods.

• A chair typically has a backrest and armrests, while a cart does not.

• A chair is designed for one person to sit on, while a cart can carry multiple items or people.

• A chair is usually stationary, while a cart is mobile and can be pushed or pulled.

• A chair is commonly found in homes, offices, and public spaces, while a cart is often used in warehouses, supermarkets, and farms.

A White Noise series is a sequence of random variables that are uncorrelated and have a constant variance.

• White Noise series is a fundamental concept in time series analysis.

• Each variable in a White Noise series has a mean of zero and is independent of all other variables.

• Examples of White Noise series include random fluctuations in stock prices or temperature readings.

ML refers to money laundering, while terrorist financing involves funding illegal activities for terrorist purposes.

• ML involves disguising the origins of illegally obtained money, while terrorist financing involves providing funds for terrorist activities.

• ML is typically a financial crime that involves a series of transactions to make the money appear legitimate, while terrorist financing directly supports acts of terrorism.

• ML can involve various methods such as structuring t...read more

KYC and transaction monitoring are crucial for preventing financial crimes.

• KYC (Know Your Customer) is the process of verifying the identity of customers and assessing their potential risks.

• Transaction monitoring involves analyzing customer transactions to detect suspicious activities such as money laundering or terrorist financing.

• Both KYC and transaction monitoring are important for complying with regulatory requirements and preventing financial crimes.

• Examples of red flags...read more

Yes, I am comfortable working in a 24*7 environment and have experience doing so.

• I have previous experience working in a 24*7 environment and have successfully managed my work schedule.

• I am adaptable and can handle working during odd hours or on weekends if required.

• I understand the importance of being available round the clock in certain IT roles, especially for critical systems maintenance or support.

• I am willing to work in shifts to ensure continuous coverage and support f...read more

ArrayList is a dynamic array implementation, while HashMap is a key-value pair data structure using hashing.

• ArrayList internally uses an array to store elements, and automatically resizes when needed.

• HashMap uses hashing to store key-value pairs, with keys being unique and values being accessible through the keys.

• ArrayList allows duplicate elements and maintains insertion order, while HashMap does not allow duplicate keys and does not maintain any order.

• Example: ArrayList lis...read more

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset or security.

• Derivatives can be used for hedging or speculation.

• Examples of derivatives include futures, options, and swaps.

• Derivatives can be traded on exchanges or over-the-counter.

• Derivatives can be complex and carry significant risk.

• Derivatives played a role in the 2008 financial crisis.

Summers Company generates revenue through a combination of product sales, service fees, and subscription models.

• Product sales - Summers Company sells various products to customers, generating revenue through one-time purchases.

• Service fees - Summers Company charges fees for services provided to clients, such as consulting or advisory services.

• Subscription models - Summers Company offers subscription-based services, where customers pay a recurring fee for access to certain pro...read more

Logistic regression is a statistical method used to analyze and model the relationship between a binary dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

• It is a type of regression analysis used for predicting the outcome of a categorical dependent variable based on one or more predictor variables.

• It uses a logistic function to model the probability of the dependent variable taking a particular value.

• It is commonly used in machine learning for classification problems, ...read more

Background plays a crucial role in Cucumber BDD as it sets up the initial state for scenarios and helps in maintaining the context throughout the test execution.

• Background is used to define steps that are common to all scenarios in a feature file.

• It helps in reducing duplication of code by setting up preconditions for scenarios.

• Background steps are executed before each scenario in the feature file.

• It improves readability and maintainability of feature files by separating comm...read more

Forecasting involves predicting future trends or outcomes based on historical data and analysis.

• Forecasting helps in making informed decisions and planning for the future

• It involves analyzing past data, identifying patterns, and using statistical models to predict future outcomes

• Common methods of forecasting include time series analysis, regression analysis, and qualitative forecasting techniques

• Forecasting is used in various industries such as finance, marketing, supply chai...read more

Clustering groups similar data points together based on features, while segmentation divides data into distinct groups based on predefined criteria.

• Clustering is unsupervised learning, while segmentation is typically a supervised process.

• Clustering is used in data mining and machine learning to discover patterns, while segmentation is often used in marketing to target specific customer groups.

• Examples of clustering algorithms include K-means and hierarchical clustering, while...read more

You can bind a value of an input to a label by using JavaScript and DOM manipulation.

• Use JavaScript to get the value of the input element

• Set the value of the label element to the input value

• You can use event listeners to update the label in real-time

I have worked on multiple projects involving use case analysis, prototyping and implementation.

• Conducted use case analysis for a banking client to identify pain points and recommend solutions

• Developed a prototype for a mobile app for a retail client to improve customer experience

• Managed a project for a healthcare client to implement a new electronic medical records system

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to gather requirements and ensure successful project delivery

I thrive under pressure and use it as motivation to perform at my best.

• I have experience working in fast-paced environments where deadlines were tight

• I am able to prioritize tasks effectively to manage stress and meet goals

• I remain calm and focused under pressure, allowing me to make sound decisions

• I have successfully handled high-pressure situations in the past, such as during quarterly financial reporting deadlines

Product/Trade life cycle refers to the stages a product or trade goes through from its conception to its decline.

• It includes stages like introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

• During the introduction stage, the product is launched and marketed to create awareness.

• In the growth stage, sales and revenue increase rapidly.

• The maturity stage is characterized by stable sales and revenue.

• Finally, in the decline stage, sales and revenue start to decrease.

• Examples of products in ...read more

REST API methods are used to interact with web services using HTTP requests.

• GET method is used to retrieve data from the server

• POST method is used to create new data on the server

• PUT method is used to update existing data on the server

• DELETE method is used to delete data from the server

• REST APIs use HTTP status codes to indicate the success or failure of a request

NAV stands for Net Asset Value. It is the value of a mutual fund's assets minus its liabilities.

• NAV is used to determine the price of a mutual fund's shares

• It is calculated by dividing the total value of the fund's assets by the number of shares outstanding

• NAV is calculated at the end of each trading day

• Mutual funds are investment vehicles that pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of securities

• They are managed by professional fund managers

• In...read more

Various Spark optimization techniques include partitioning, caching, and tuning resource allocation.

• Partitioning data to distribute workload evenly

• Caching frequently accessed data in memory

• Tuning resource allocation for optimal performance

A materialized view is a database object that stores the result of a query and can be used to improve query performance.

• Materialized views are precomputed and stored in the database, reducing the need for expensive query execution.

• They are updated periodically to reflect changes in the underlying data.

• Materialized views can be used to speed up complex queries or aggregate data for reporting purposes.

• They are particularly useful in situations where the underlying data changes ...read more

Banking offers diverse opportunities, stability, and the chance to contribute to economic growth.

• Banking provides a wide range of career opportunities in various departments such as corporate banking, investment banking, and retail banking.

• The banking industry offers stability and job security, even during economic downturns.

• Working in banking allows individuals to contribute to economic growth by facilitating financial transactions, supporting businesses, and providing finan...read more

Experienced professional with strong technical knowledge in various fields, including finance, technology, and project management.

• 10+ years of experience in finance, technology, and project management

• Strong technical knowledge in financial analysis, software development, and strategic planning

• Proven track record of successfully leading cross-functional teams and delivering results

• Certifications in project management and financial analysis

• Experience working with diverse stakeh...read more

Yes, I thrive under pressure and use it as motivation to exceed expectations.

• I have experience working in high-pressure sales environments and have consistently met or exceeded my targets.

• I am able to prioritize tasks and manage my time effectively to meet deadlines.

• I remain calm and focused under pressure, and use it as an opportunity to showcase my skills and abilities.

• For example, in my previous role, I was responsible for closing a major deal with a tight deadline. I work...read more

VSAM is a file management system used in mainframe computers. It has different types like KSDS, ESDS, and RRDS.

• VSAM stands for Virtual Storage Access Method.

• It is a file management system used in IBM mainframe computers.

• VSAM provides efficient access to large volumes of data.

• It supports different types of datasets like Key Sequenced Data Set (KSDS), Entry Sequenced Data Set (ESDS), and Relative Record Data Set (RRDS).

• KSDS is used for direct access and is organized based on a ...read more

CI/CD pipeline automates the process of integrating code changes, testing, and deploying to production.

• Automates code integration, testing, and deployment

• Uses tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, or CircleCI

• Includes stages like build, test, deploy

• Facilitates continuous delivery and deployment

• Improves software quality and speed of delivery

NAV stands for Net Asset Value, which is the value of a fund's assets minus its liabilities.

• NAV is calculated by subtracting the total value of a fund's liabilities from the total value of its assets.

• The formula for NAV is (Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Total Number of Outstanding Shares.

• NAV is used to determine the price at which investors can buy or sell shares of a mutual fund or ETF.

Expected CTC is negotiable based on candidate's experience, skills, and the company's budget.

• Expected CTC depends on the candidate's level of experience and skills.

• It also depends on the company's budget and industry standards.

• Negotiation is common during the offer stage to reach a mutually agreeable CTC.

• Candidates can research average salaries for similar roles to have an idea of what to expect.

Splunk, ITRS, and Autosys are tools commonly used in the field of application support for monitoring, troubleshooting, and automation.

• Splunk is a platform used for searching, monitoring, and analyzing machine-generated data, such as logs and events.

• ITRS (Intelligent Trading and Risk Systems) is a suite of monitoring and analytics tools used in financial services for real-time monitoring of trading systems and applications.

• Autosys is a job scheduling and automation tool used f...read more

Bank balance sheet line items are the assets, liabilities, and equity of a bank.

• Assets include cash, loans, investments, and securities

• Liabilities include deposits, borrowings, and other liabilities

• Equity includes common stock, retained earnings, and other equity

• The balance sheet must balance, with assets equaling liabilities plus equity

Money laundering involves three stages: placement, layering, and integration.

• Placement: The initial stage where illegal funds are introduced into the financial system.

• Layering: The process of disguising the source and ownership of the funds through multiple transactions.

• Integration: The final stage where the laundered funds are reintroduced into the legitimate economy.

• Examples of money laundering include purchasing expensive assets with cash, using shell companies to transfer...read more

Tier1 Capital is a measure of a bank's financial strength, consisting of common equity and disclosed reserves.

• Tier1 Capital is the core measure of a bank's financial strength.

• It consists of common equity, such as common stock and retained earnings, and disclosed reserves.

• Tier1 Capital is used to ensure that banks have enough capital to absorb potential losses.

• Regulatory authorities require banks to maintain a minimum level of Tier1 Capital to operate safely.

• Tier1 Capital rati...read more

Loan forecasting is done by analyzing historical data, market trends, economic indicators, and risk factors to predict future loan performance.

• Analyze historical loan data to identify patterns and trends

• Consider market trends and economic indicators that may impact loan performance

• Evaluate risk factors such as borrower credit history, loan amount, and interest rates

• Use statistical models and machine learning algorithms to forecast future loan performance

• Adjust forecasts based...read more

CCAR stands for Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review, a regulatory framework introduced by the Federal Reserve to assess the capital adequacy of large financial institutions.

• CCAR was established after the 2008 financial crisis to ensure that banks have enough capital to withstand economic downturns.

• Banks subject to CCAR must submit annual capital plans to the Federal Reserve for approval.

• The Federal Reserve evaluates these plans to determine if the banks have enough capi...read more

IFRC stands for International Financial Reporting Standards and USGaap stands for United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

• IFRC is a set of accounting standards developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

• USGaap is a set of accounting principles used in the United States for financial reporting.

• IFRC focuses on principles-based standards, while USGaap is more rules-based.

• IFRC is used in over 140 countries, while USGaap is primarily used in th...read more

Object-oriented programming concepts that help in organizing and designing code for reusability and maintainability.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Allowing a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms or types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

Lambda expressions are anonymous functions that allow you to pass behavior as an argument to a method.

• Lambda expressions are used to provide a concise way to represent behavior as data.

• They are commonly used in functional programming and can be used to implement functional interfaces.

• Lambda expressions can be used to iterate through collections using the forEach method.

The Java memory model defines how threads interact through memory when accessing shared data.

• Defines the rules for reading and writing to shared variables in a multithreaded environment

• Ensures visibility of changes made by one thread to other threads

• Specifies the order in which operations are executed and how they are synchronized

Carrier way is a structured approach to managing and optimizing the flow of work within an organization.

• Carrier way focuses on identifying bottlenecks and inefficiencies in processes.

• It involves mapping out current processes, analyzing data, and implementing improvements.

• Examples of Carrier way tools include value stream mapping, process mapping, and root cause analysis.

Going the extra mile in customer service means exceeding customer expectations and providing exceptional service.

• Anticipating customer needs before they ask

• Providing personalized service

• Offering solutions beyond the basic requirements

• Following up to ensure customer satisfaction

• Handling complaints with empathy and efficiency

Trunk is a network port that carries multiple VLANs. OSPF and BGP are routing protocols used in networking.

• Trunk is used to connect switches and carry multiple VLANs over a single link.

• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol used to determine the shortest path for data packets in a network.

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.

• Trunking is commonly used in...read more

Angular is a front-end web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic single-page applications.

• Angular works by extending HTML with directives and data binding to create dynamic content.

• It uses components to encapsulate different parts of the UI and services to provide functionality across components.

• Angular uses dependency injection to manage dependencies and facilitate testing.

• It follows a modular architecture, allowing developers to easily add or remove ...read more

Rollback and commit are database transactions used to manage changes made to the database.

• Rollback is used to undo changes made in a transaction and restore the database to its previous state.

• Commit is used to save the changes made in a transaction permanently to the database.

• Rollback is typically used when an error occurs during a transaction, while commit is used when the transaction is successful.

• Example: If a transaction to transfer money from one account to another fails...read more