2000+ Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Find N-th Fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation and return modulo 10^9+7.

• Implement a function to find N-th Fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation.

• Return the answer modulo 10^9+7.

• Use the formula F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) with F(1) = F(2) = 1.

• The time complexity should be better than O(N).

• The constraints are 1 <= T <= 10 and 1 <= N <= 10^5.

A 10x10x10 cube is dismantled into smaller cubes. How many have none of their faces painted red?

• The outer layer of the big cube has 8x8x8 cubes painted red

• The number of cubes with at least one red face is 6x6x6

• The number of cubes with no red faces is 10x10x10 - (8x8x8 - 6x6x6)

Handled various customer queries related to product usage, billing, and technical issues.

• Assisted customers with troubleshooting technical issues over the phone and email

• Resolved billing discrepancies and processed refunds

• Provided guidance on product usage and recommended solutions to meet customer needs

• Handled complaints and escalated issues to management when necessary

I would check if it's a power outage or a technical issue and troubleshoot accordingly.

• Check if other devices are also affected by the power outage

• If it's a technical issue, check the power source and connections

• Try turning the box back on and see if it works

• If the issue persists, seek technical assistance

Conditions for overflow and steady state in a tank with inflow and outflow

• Overflow occurs when the inflow rate is greater than the outflow rate

• Steady state is achieved when the inflow rate equals the outflow rate

• Overflow can be prevented by adjusting the inflow rate or increasing the outflow rate

• Steady state can be maintained by balancing the inflow and outflow rates

Calculating the probability of two friends playing badminton in the same week given certain probabilities.

• Calculate the probability of both playing in the first week (a*a)

• Calculate the probability of both playing in the second week ((1-a)*b*(1-c))

• Calculate the probability of both playing in the third week ((1-a)*(1-b)*c)

• Calculate the probability of both playing in the last week ((1-a-b-c)*(1-a-b-c))

• Add up all the probabilities to get the final answer

Debugging steps for a slow web portal

• Check server load and resource usage

• Analyze network traffic and latency

• Review code for inefficiencies and optimize

• Use profiling tools to identify bottlenecks

• Consider caching and content delivery networks

• Test and monitor performance after changes

The most probable number on the last toss is 6.

• The probability of getting a sum of 100 or more is highest when the sum is 99.

• The last toss will be made to reach the sum of 100, so the most probable number is the one that will take the sum closest to 100.

• The sum of 94 can be achieved by rolling a 6 on the last toss, which is the most probable number.

Yes, I can use Excel formulas to process the given data and provide the desired output.

• Excel formulas can be used to perform various calculations and manipulations on data

• They can be used to perform mathematical operations, create formulas based on logical conditions, and manipulate text

• Examples of Excel formulas include SUM, IF, VLOOKUP, CONCATENATE, etc.

Truth is subjective and can be influenced by personal experiences and cultural beliefs.

• Truth is not always objective or universal

• It can be shaped by personal experiences and cultural beliefs

• What is considered true in one culture may not be true in another

• Truth can also change over time as new information is discovered

• For example, the belief that the earth was flat was once considered true, but is now known to be false

Count number of ways to reach 20 on number line starting from 0 in steps of 1 or 2. Derive recursive formula for n+1.

• Use dynamic programming to count number of ways for each step.

• For each step, number of ways is sum of number of ways for previous 1 or 2 steps.

• Recursive formula: ways[n+1] = ways[n] + ways[n-1]

Top 5 customers of HSBC can be found by analyzing transaction history and account balances.

• Analyze transaction history of all HSBC customers worldwide

• Identify customers with highest transaction volumes and account balances

• Rank customers based on transaction volumes and account balances

• Select top 5 customers based on ranking

• Consider other factors such as creditworthiness and profitability

I would be willing to pay 50 paise to play this game.

• The expected value of the game is 50 paise.

• This is because the probability of getting consecutive heads is 1/3 and the probability of getting consecutive tails is 1/4.

• Therefore, the expected value of the game is (1/3 * 1) - (1/4 * 1) = 1/12 = 8.33 paise.

• However, since the minimum amount that can be won is Re. 1, I would be willing to pay 50 paise to play the game.

Yes

• OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming

• It is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects

• OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• Encapsulation allows bundling of data and methods into a single unit

• Inheritance enables the creation of new classes based on existing ones

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as the same type

• Example: A car class can have properties like color and speed, and methods like start and st...read more

Active Directory is a Microsoft service that manages network resources and user access.

• Active Directory is used to manage user accounts, computers, and other network resources.

• It allows for centralized authentication and authorization for users and computers in a network.

• Roles can be managed through Active Directory by assigning users to specific groups with corresponding permissions.

• Examples of roles that can be managed through Active Directory include domain administrators,...read more

Go second. The probability of winning is higher when going second.

• The probability of winning when going first is (1/n+1), while the probability of winning when going second is (n/n+1)

• This is because the first player has a chance of drawing the black ball on their turn, while the second player has a chance of drawing the black ball on their turn or the first player's turn

• For example, if there are 10 red balls and 1 black ball, the probability of winning when going first is 1/1...read more

There are (N-1)! ways to eat chocolates from left to right.

• The first chocolate can be chosen in N ways, the second in (N-1) ways, and so on.

• However, since the order of chocolates eaten matters, we need to divide by the number of ways to order N chocolates, which is N!.

• Therefore, the total number of ways to eat chocolates is (N-1)!

• For example, if N=4, there are 3! = 6 ways to eat the chocolates.

Compute working days using given functions f, g, and h.

• To compute the 3rd working day, apply function g three times to function f.

• To compute the 2nd working day of the previous month, apply function h to function f, then apply function g twice.

• To compute the 4th working day of the next month, apply function g four times to function f.

To segment a population based on attributes, use clustering algorithms like k-means or hierarchical clustering.

• Identify relevant attributes such as age, income, education level, etc.

• Normalize the data to ensure all attributes are on the same scale.

• Choose a clustering algorithm based on the size of the dataset and the desired number of segments.

• Evaluate the results using metrics like silhouette score or within-cluster sum of squares.

• Use SAS and proc sql to perform the analysis...read more

Networking refers to the practice of connecting devices together to share resources and communicate with each other.

• Networking involves the use of protocols and standards such as TCP/IP, DNS, and HTTP.

• Networking can be done through wired or wireless connections.

• Networking can be used for various purposes such as sharing files, printers, and internet access.

• Networking can be secured through the use of firewalls, encryption, and authentication.

• Examples of networking devices inc...read more

To expand into more countries, the IT sector multinational can adopt a market entry strategy that includes market research, partnerships, localization, and scalability.

• Conduct thorough market research to identify potential countries for expansion

• Establish strategic partnerships with local companies to leverage their knowledge and networks

• Adapt products and services to meet the specific needs and preferences of each target market

• Ensure scalability of operations to handle the i...read more

Yes, I prefer coding in C and have read The C Programming Language book. I have also explored the concept of Inheritance in C.

• I find C to be a powerful and efficient language for system programming.

• Yes, I have read The C Programming Language book by Dennis Retchie and found it to be a great resource.

• Recently, I have been exploring the concept of Inheritance in C through various online resources and tutorials.

• While C does not have built-in support for Inheritance, it is possib...read more

You can map the bulbs to their corresponding switches by toggling two switches and leaving one switch untouched.

• Toggle switch 1 and switch 2, leave switch 3 untouched.

• After a few minutes, toggle switch 2 back to its original position.

• Enter the room and observe the bulbs.

• The bulb that is on corresponds to switch 1, the bulb that is off and still warm corresponds to switch 2, and the bulb that is off and cool corresponds to switch 3.

Using bitwise operator to check the last bit of the number.

• Use bitwise AND operator with 1 to check the last bit of the number.

• If the result is 0, the number is even. If the result is 1, the number is odd.

• Example: 6 & 1 = 0 (even), 7 & 1 = 1 (odd)

Counting permutations where numbers between u and i+1 are less than i for all i in the permutation.

• The first number in the permutation must be 1.

• For each i in the permutation, all numbers between u and i+1 must be less than i.

• Use dynamic programming to count the number of valid permutations.

• The answer is (n-1)th Catalan number.

• Example: for n=4, the answer is 5.

The average number of people coming to the airport daily can be calculated by taking the total number of people arriving and departing and dividing it by two.

• Collect data on the number of arrivals and departures for a given period, such as a week or a month.

• Add the number of arrivals and departures together to get the total number of people coming to the airport.

• Divide the total number by the number of days in the period to get the average number of people coming to the airpo...read more

Yes, an algorithm I designed at Microsoft can be applied to a problem in the stock market domain.

• I designed an algorithm at Microsoft that can be used in the stock market domain

• The algorithm can be applied to solve a specific problem in the stock market

• The work I did at Microsoft has potential applications in the financial industry