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300+ Tata Steel Special Economic Zone Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 24 Dec 2024
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Q1. In a marathon, the each athlete is assigned a number, you see 5 of them with the following numbers: 2, 10, 40, 50, 200, 250……can you guess the total number of runners in the race?

Ans.

Using the given numbers, estimate the total number of runners in a marathon.

  • The numbers given are likely bib numbers assigned to runners.

  • Look for patterns or gaps in the numbers to estimate the total number of runners.

  • Consider the size of the event and typical number of participants in marathons.

  • Assuming no duplicates, the highest number gives a rough upper bound on the total number of runners.

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Q2. A 10x10x10 cube is made up of 1x1x1 cubes. Its outer surface is painted red and then big cube is dismantled into smaller cubes. How many cubes are there with none of their faces painted red?

Ans.

A 10x10x10 cube is dismantled into smaller cubes. How many have none of their faces painted red?

  • The outer layer of the big cube has 8x8x8 cubes painted red

  • The number of cubes with at least one red face is 6x6x6

  • The number of cubes with no red faces is 10x10x10 - (8x8x8 - 6x6x6)

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Q3. Longest Consecutive Sequence Problem Statement

You are provided with an unsorted array/list ARR of N integers. Your task is to determine the length of the longest consecutive sequence present in the array.

Expl...read more

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Q4. Find Unique Element in Array

You have been provided an integer array/list ARR of size N. Here, N is equivalent to 2M + 1 where each test case has M numbers appearing twice and one number appearing exactly once....read more

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Q5. Find the Minimum Cost to Reach Destination via Train

Given 'N' stations on a train route, where the train travels from station 0 to 'N'-1, determine the minimum cost to reach the final station using given ticke...read more

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Q6. Minimum Number of Operations Problem Statement

Given an array 'ARR' consisting of 'N' positive integers, determine the minimum number of operations needed to make all elements of the array equal. You may use ad...read more

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Q7. Matrix Bit Flipping Problem

In this task, you're provided with a binary square matrix of size 'N * N' named MAT. The task requires you to perform row and column flips whenever a zero (0) is encountered in the m...read more

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Q8. Shortest Safe Route in a Field Problem Statement

Ninja wants to cross a field represented as a rectangular matrix of size M x N, containing landmines. A landmine gets triggered if a person is within one cell of...read more

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Q9. Next Smaller Palindrome Problem Statement

You are provided with a palindrome number 'N' presented as a string 'S'. The task is to determine the largest palindrome number that is strictly less than 'N'.

Input:

T...read more
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Q10. What is the general outlook on Indian IT sector? Growth drivers and challenges? What are your stock picks and make a short pitch on the investment rationale?

Ans.

Indian IT sector has a positive outlook with growth drivers like digital transformation and cloud adoption, but faces challenges like talent shortage and increasing competition.

  • Growth drivers include digital transformation, cloud adoption, and increasing demand for automation and AI solutions.

  • Challenges include talent shortage, increasing competition from global players, and regulatory changes.

  • Stock picks include TCS, Infosys, and Wipro, which have strong financials and a tra...read more

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Q11. Avoiding Traps Problem Statement

Given an array of obstacles' coordinates, determine the minimal jump length to reach beyond all obstacles starting from coordinate 0 while avoiding landing on any obstacle.

Inpu...read more

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Q12. Jump Game Problem Statement

In this problem, you are given an array ARR consisting of N integers. Your task is to determine the minimum number of jumps required to reach the last index of the array N - 1. At an...read more

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Q13. Can some work you did at Microsoft be used in DB (I wasn’t at all expecting this but thought and found that an algo I designed could be applied to a problem in the stock market domain)?

Ans.

Yes, an algorithm I designed at Microsoft can be applied to a problem in the stock market domain.

  • I designed an algorithm at Microsoft that can be used in the stock market domain

  • The algorithm can be applied to solve a specific problem in the stock market

  • The work I did at Microsoft has potential applications in the financial industry

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Q14. Reverse a String Problem Statement

Given a string STR containing characters from [a-z], [A-Z], [0-9], and special characters, determine the reverse of the string.

Input:

The input starts with a single integer '...read more
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Q15. Matrix Cell Value Placement

You are provided with an integer N representing the size of an N * N matrix. Initially, each cell of the matrix is empty. You are also given a number K, indicating the number of task...read more

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Q16. Prime Numbers Identification

Given a positive integer N, your task is to identify all prime numbers less than or equal to N.

Explanation:

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive d...read more

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Q17. Add Two Numbers Represented as Linked Lists

Given two linked lists representing two non-negative integers, where the digits are stored in reverse order (i.e., starting from the least significant digit to the mo...read more

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Q18. 1. Print numbers from 1 to 100 without using any loop ? 2. How do you take out duplicate values from array without using any set ? if you iterate the array and take out unique values , how do you do it for 2lak...

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Ans.

Answers to interview questions for Senior Automation Engineer

  • 1. Using recursion to print numbers

  • 2. Using nested loops to compare each element

  • 3. Alert is a pop-up window while verify is a method to check if an element is present

  • 4. Verify will continue the test even if the assertion fails

  • 5. A class that can only have one instance at a time

  • 6. Use explicit wait on the flag element

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Q19. Longest Common Substring Problem Statement

Given two strings, STR1 and STR2, your task is to determine the length of their longest common substring.

A substring is defined as a sequence of characters that appea...read more

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Q20. What would be the length of the shortest path between two diagonally opposite corners of a solid (10X10X10) cube?

Ans.

The shortest path between two diagonally opposite corners of a solid (10X10X10) cube is the space diagonal.

  • The space diagonal can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

  • The formula for the space diagonal is √(a² + b² + c²), where a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of the cube.

  • In this case, a = b = c = 10, so the space diagonal is √(10² + 10² + 10²) = √300 ≈ 17.32 units.

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Q21. If an ant had to travel along the walls, what is the minimum distance between the opposite ends of a cuboid?

Ans.

The minimum distance between opposite ends of a cuboid is the length of the diagonal of the cuboid.

  • To find the diagonal, use the Pythagorean theorem: diagonal = sqrt(length^2 + width^2 + height^2)

  • The length, width, and height of the cuboid must be known to calculate the diagonal

  • The ant can travel along any of the three pairs of opposite walls, so the minimum distance is the shortest diagonal

  • Example: A cuboid with length = 3, width = 4, and height = 5 has a diagonal of sqrt(3^...read more

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Q22. If I give you Rs.5000 per month for a year or give you Rs.50000 at the beginning of the year, which is a better deal ?

Ans.

Receiving Rs.50000 at the beginning of the year is a better deal.

  • Receiving a lump sum amount at the beginning of the year allows for better investment opportunities.

  • The time value of money principle suggests that money received earlier is worth more than the same amount received later.

  • Rs.50000 received at the beginning of the year can be invested in a fixed deposit or mutual fund, earning interest throughout the year.

  • Rs.5000 per month may not be enough to invest in a profitab...read more

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Q23. Rooks Placing Problem Statement

You are given an n×n chessboard where rows and columns are numbered from 0 to n-1. Each cell (r, c) is located at the intersection of row 'r' and column 'c'. A rook is a chess pi...read more

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Q24. Query and Matrix Problem Statement

You are given a binary matrix with 'M' rows and 'N' columns, initially consisting of all 0s. You will receive 'Q' queries, which can be of four types:

Query 1: 1 R index
Query ...read more
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Q25. Paths in a Matrix Problem Statement

Given an 'M x N' matrix, print all the possible paths from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner. You can only move either right (from (i,j) to (i,j+1)) or down (fro...read more

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Q26. How did you value Suzlon? Which ratios did you use and why? Rationale behind the growth rates assumed in DCF?

Ans.

Valued Suzlon using DCF and ratios. Assumed growth rates based on industry trends and company performance.

  • Used DCF to estimate the intrinsic value of Suzlon based on future cash flows

  • Used P/E ratio and EV/EBITDA ratio to compare Suzlon's valuation with industry peers

  • Assumed growth rates based on industry trends and Suzlon's historical performance

  • Took into account Suzlon's debt levels and interest expenses in the DCF calculation

  • Adjusted the discount rate based on Suzlon's risk...read more

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Q27. Minimum Cost to Reach the End Problem Statement

Given an array of integers ARR and an integer 'K', your goal is to reach the end of the array starting from the beginning with minimum cost. You can move from any...read more

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Q28. Merge Sort Problem Statement

You are given a sequence of numbers, ARR. Your task is to return a sorted sequence of ARR in non-descending order using the Merge Sort algorithm.

Explanation:

The Merge Sort algorit...read more

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Q29. Consecutive Sum Representation of a Number

Find the number of ways the given number 'N' can be expressed as the sum of two or more consecutive natural numbers.

Example:

Input:
N = 9
Output:
2
Explanation:

The n...read more

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Q30. Ninja and Infinite Size Array Problem Statement

Given an array/list ‘ARR’ of unknown size, sorted in ascending order with all distinct elements, and an element ‘TARGET’, find the position of 'TARGET' in the ‘AR...read more

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Q31. Maximum Subarray Sum Problem Statement

Given an array ARR consisting of N integers, your goal is to determine the maximum possible sum of a non-empty contiguous subarray within this array.

Example of Subarrays:...read more

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Q32. Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List

Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.

A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the list. T...read more

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Q33. You have a decent CPI and are from Maths background so why not go for a

Ans.

I am passionate about applying my mathematical skills to solve complex problems in the field of analysis.

  • I believe that my strong mathematical background provides me with a solid foundation for analytical work.

  • Mathematics has taught me critical thinking, problem-solving, and data analysis skills that are essential for an analyst role.

  • I enjoy working with numbers and using mathematical models to gain insights and make informed decisions.

  • My CPI reflects my dedication and hard w...read more

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Q34. Dijkstra's Shortest Path Problem

Given an undirected graph with ‘V’ vertices (labeled 0, 1, ... , V-1) and ‘E’ edges, where each edge has a weight representing the distance between two connected nodes (X, Y).

Y...read more

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Q35. 1. In your framework how have you and why have used abstract classes and interfaces? 2. Program on reverse string 3. List and set differences 4. Exception handling in selenium 5. findElement and findElements 6....

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Ans.

Answers to interview questions for Senior Automation Engineer position

  • Abstract classes and interfaces are used for creating reusable code and implementing polymorphism

  • Example of abstract class: WebDriver in Selenium

  • Example of interface: WebElement in Selenium

  • Reverse string program can be implemented using StringBuilder or char array

  • List is ordered and allows duplicates, Set is unordered and does not allow duplicates

  • Exception handling in Selenium can be done using try-catch bl...read more

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Q36. Sort a Stack Problem Statement

You are provided with a stack consisting of 'N' integers. The goal is to sort this stack in descending order by utilizing recursion.

Allowed Stack Operations:

is_empty(S) : Check ...read more
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Q37. ...read more

Implement Stack with Linked List

Your task is to implement a Stack data structure using a Singly Linked List.

Explanation:

Create a class named Stack which supports the following operations, each in O(1) time:

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Q38. Remove the Kth Node from the End of a Linked List

You are given a singly Linked List with 'N' nodes containing integer data and an integer 'K'. Your task is to delete the Kth node from the end of this Linked Li...read more

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Q39. If 2 people are sitting around a round table, and each has to place coins on the table after other does, and the one who places the coin last wins, would you like to go first or second?

Ans.

Going second is the optimal strategy in this game.

  • Going second allows you to mirror your opponent's moves and ensure that you place the last coin.

  • If you go first, your opponent can simply copy your moves and place the last coin.

  • This game is similar to the game of Nim, where going second is also the optimal strategy.

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Q40. A foreign elevator company operating in India is incurring losses. What are the likely issues and how can they be fixed?

Ans.

Foreign elevator company incurring losses in India. Likely issues and solutions?

  • Lack of understanding of local market and culture

  • Competition from established local players

  • Inefficient supply chain and logistics

  • Poor after-sales service

  • Possible solutions include partnering with local companies, improving supply chain, and enhancing after-sales service

  • Conducting market research to better understand the needs and preferences of Indian customers

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Q41. Rat in a Maze Problem Statement

You need to determine all possible paths for a rat starting at position (0, 0) in a square maze to reach its destination at (N-1, N-1). The maze is represented as an N*N matrix w...read more

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Q42. If bond fv 100 issued at discount at 98 and giving fixed return @ 10%, then what is actual rate of return is it more or less than 10% and method is used for its calculation what it is called?

Ans.

The actual rate of return is more than 10% due to the bond being issued at a discount. The method used for its calculation is Yield to Maturity (YTM).

  • Bond issued at discount means the actual rate of return is higher than the fixed rate.

  • Yield to Maturity (YTM) is used to calculate the actual rate of return on a bond.

  • YTM takes into account the bond's current market price, par value, coupon payments, and time to maturity.

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Q43. Draw the income statement for a carpenter who buys wood at certain price and sells it at ___ some price? try and mention all the possible expenditures which may happen

Ans.

Income statement for a carpenter buying and selling wood

  • Revenue from selling wood

  • Cost of purchasing wood

  • Labor costs for carpentry work

  • Equipment and tool expenses

  • Transportation costs for wood delivery

  • Overhead expenses such as rent and utilities

  • Taxes and other fees

  • Net income or loss

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Q44. Tell something about Material Science and Engineering?

Ans.

Material Science and Engineering is the study of materials and their properties, behavior, and applications.

  • It involves the development of new materials and improving existing ones.

  • It includes the study of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.

  • Applications include aerospace, electronics, medicine, and energy.

  • Material scientists and engineers work on designing materials with specific properties for various applications.

  • Examples of materials studied include carbon fiber, g...read more

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Q45. What is the journal entry for capital being introduced in business?

Ans.

The journal entry for capital being introduced in business involves debiting the cash account and crediting the capital account.

  • Debit the cash account to increase the cash balance

  • Credit the capital account to reflect the increase in owner's equity

  • Journal entry: Cash (Dr) xxx, Capital (Cr) xxx

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Q46. Rank the Bonds, CDS and Loans in order of the interest rates they offered?

Ans.

Ranking of interest rates offered by Bonds, CDS and Loans.

  • CDS usually offer the highest interest rates due to their higher risk

  • Bonds offer lower interest rates than CDS but are less risky

  • Loans typically offer the lowest interest rates as they are secured by collateral

  • Interest rates can vary depending on the issuer's creditworthiness and market conditions

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Q47. Put in +,-,*,/ between the digits 3,3,8,8 (in any order ) such that the result was 24

Ans.

Using only 3,3,8,8 and +,-,*,/ operators, make 24.

  • There are multiple ways to solve this puzzle.

  • One possible solution is: 8 / (3 - 8/3) = 24

  • Another solution is: (8 * 3) - (8 / 3) = 24

  • Remember to follow the order of operations (PEMDAS).

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Q48. Estimate your quant score. If you add your quant score to the avg finance score would that be highest overall score?

Ans.

Answering a question about estimating quant score and overall score in finance.

  • I estimate my quant score to be X based on my preparation and practice.

  • Adding my quant score to the avg finance score may or may not result in the highest overall score, as it depends on the scores of other candidates.

  • However, I am confident in my abilities and believe that I can perform well in both areas.

  • I am open to discussing my preparation strategies and study habits further if needed.

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Q49. Why Deutsche Bank over Goldman Sachs or World Quant?

Ans.

Deutsche Bank offers a unique combination of global reach, diverse expertise, and innovative technology.

  • Deutsche Bank has a strong global presence with operations in over 60 countries.

  • The bank has a diverse range of expertise across various sectors including investment banking, corporate banking, and asset management.

  • Deutsche Bank is committed to innovation and has invested heavily in technology to improve its services and operations.

  • Goldman Sachs and World Quant may have the...read more

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Q50. What do mean by trade settlement ? What is T+1 or T+2 cycle ?

Ans.

Trade settlement refers to the process of transferring securities and funds between parties involved in a trade. T+1 or T+2 cycle refers to the number of days it takes for the settlement to occur.

  • Trade settlement involves the transfer of securities and funds between parties involved in a trade

  • T+1 or T+2 cycle refers to the number of days it takes for the settlement to occur

  • T+1 means the settlement occurs on the next business day after the trade

  • T+2 means the settlement occurs ...read more

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Q51. - Effect of a dividend payout on the financial statements of a parent company if its 50% JV declares a dividend?

Ans.

A dividend payout by a 50% JV affects the parent company's financial statements through the equity method.

  • The parent company will record its share of the JV's dividend income as a decrease in the investment account on the balance sheet.

  • The parent company's income statement will reflect its share of the JV's earnings, including the dividend income.

  • The parent company's cash flow statement will show an increase in cash from the dividend received.

  • The dividend payout may also impa...read more

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Q52. What is delta? A future on 1000 stocks, what is the delta for this?

Ans.

Delta is the measure of an option's price sensitivity to changes in the price of the underlying asset.

  • Delta is a Greek letter used to represent the degree of change in an option's price relative to the change in the price of the underlying asset.

  • Delta ranges from 0 to 1 for call options and -1 to 0 for put options.

  • A delta of 0.5 means that for every $1 increase in the underlying asset's price, the option's price will increase by $0.50.

  • For a future on 1000 stocks, the delta wo...read more

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Q53. Why is Chromium added to Stainless Steel?

Ans.

Chromium is added to stainless steel to enhance its corrosion resistance and improve its strength and durability.

  • Chromium forms a thin, invisible layer of chromium oxide on the surface of the steel, which prevents rust and corrosion.

  • Chromium also increases the steel's hardness and toughness, making it more resistant to wear and tear.

  • Stainless steel with higher chromium content is more resistant to high temperatures and oxidation.

  • Examples of chromium-containing stainless steel...read more

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Q54. What is the journal entry for paying off outstanding liabilities?

Ans.

The journal entry for paying off outstanding liabilities involves decreasing the liability account and decreasing the cash account.

  • Debit the liability account to decrease the amount owed

  • Credit the cash account to show the cash outflow

  • Example: Debit Accounts Payable and credit Cash for the amount paid

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Q55. 1)Diference between depreciation and amortization.3) what are derivatives.

Ans.

Depreciation is the decrease in value of tangible assets over time, while amortization is the decrease in value of intangible assets over time. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from an underlying asset.

  • Depreciation applies to tangible assets like buildings, machinery, and vehicles, while amortization applies to intangible assets like patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

  • Depreciation and amortization are both methods of allocating the cost of an ass...read more

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Q56. What is a Brownian motion? Properties of Brownian motion?

Ans.

Brownian motion is the random motion of particles in a fluid due to collisions with other particles.

  • Brownian motion was first observed by Robert Brown in 1827.

  • It is named after the botanist Robert Brown.

  • The motion is caused by the random movement of fluid molecules.

  • Brownian motion is a continuous-time stochastic process.

  • It is often used to model various phenomena in physics, finance, and biology.

  • Properties of Brownian motion include random walk, Gaussian distribution, and sel...read more

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Q57. Why is inflation being talked about these days?

Ans.

Inflation is being talked about these days due to its impact on the economy and people's lives.

  • Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time.

  • It reduces the purchasing power of money, making goods and services more expensive.

  • Inflation can be caused by factors such as increased demand, supply shortages, or changes in government policies.

  • High inflation can erode savings, decrease investment, and lead to economic instability.

  • Centra...read more

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Q58. Explain Fiscal Cliff, Euro-Debt Crisis and the Palestine war

Ans.

Fiscal Cliff is a term used to describe a combination of tax increases and spending cuts. Euro-Debt Crisis refers to the financial crisis faced by some European countries. Palestine war is a conflict between Israel and Palestine.

  • Fiscal Cliff: Combination of tax increases and spending cuts in the US

  • Euro-Debt Crisis: Financial crisis faced by some European countries like Greece, Spain, and Portugal

  • Palestine war: Conflict between Israel and Palestine over land and political cont...read more

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Q59. If company declared dividend but not paid, then its effect on balance sheet of holder of shares?

Ans.

If a company declares a dividend but does not pay it, the balance sheet of the shareholder will show an increase in their retained earnings and a corresponding decrease in their cash or assets.

  • The shareholder's equity will increase by the amount of the declared dividend.

  • The company's liabilities will also increase by the same amount until the dividend is paid.

  • The shareholder will see an increase in their retained earnings on the balance sheet.

  • The shareholder's cash or assets ...read more

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Q60. What is a Martingale? What are Markov Processes? Is Martingale a Markov Process? Are Markov Processes Martingales?

Ans.

A Martingale is a mathematical concept used in probability theory and statistics. Markov Processes are stochastic processes that satisfy the Markov property.

  • A Martingale is a sequence of random variables where the expected value of the next variable, given the current and past variables, is equal to the current variable.

  • Markov Processes are stochastic processes where the future state depends only on the current state and not on the past states.

  • A Martingale is not necessarily ...read more

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Q61. You have identical ropes of the inconsistent thickness (such that you cannot divide a rope into 2 equal halves). You know for a fact that 1 rope burns in 1 hour. How would you measure 45 minutes by burning rope...

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Q62. How would a new litigation liability affect the enterprise value?

Ans.

A new litigation liability can negatively impact the enterprise value.

  • Litigation liability can lead to financial losses for the company

  • It can also damage the company's reputation and affect future earnings

  • The impact on enterprise value depends on the severity of the liability and the company's ability to manage it

  • Investors may also perceive the company as riskier, leading to a decrease in stock price

  • Examples include lawsuits related to product defects, environmental damage, o...read more

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Q63. What specific ratios are used to evaluate a manufacturing unit?

Ans.

Ratios like gross margin, inventory turnover, and return on assets are used to evaluate a manufacturing unit.

  • Gross margin ratio measures the profitability of the manufacturing unit by comparing the revenue and cost of goods sold.

  • Inventory turnover ratio measures how efficiently the manufacturing unit is managing its inventory.

  • Return on assets ratio measures how effectively the manufacturing unit is using its assets to generate profits.

  • Other ratios like debt-to-equity ratio, c...read more

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Q64. If an unbiased coin is tossed 5 times, what is the probability of getting 5 heads?

Ans.

The probability of getting 5 heads in 5 tosses of an unbiased coin is 1/32.

  • The probability of getting a head on a single toss of an unbiased coin is 1/2.

  • The probability of getting 5 heads in a row is (1/2)^5 = 1/32.

  • Each toss is independent of the previous toss, so the probability of getting 5 heads in a row is the same as getting any other sequence of 5 tosses.

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Q65. 2) why are prepaid expenses written in th assets side

Ans.

Prepaid expenses are written in the assets side because they represent future economic benefits.

  • Prepaid expenses are expenses that have been paid in advance but have not yet been incurred.

  • They represent future economic benefits that the company will receive.

  • As per the accounting equation, assets = liabilities + equity, prepaid expenses are recorded as assets.

  • They are gradually expensed over time as they are incurred.

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Q66. Why Deutsche Bank over Credit Suisse?

Ans.

Deutsche Bank has a stronger global presence and a more diversified business model compared to Credit Suisse.

  • Deutsche Bank has a larger global footprint with operations in over 60 countries.

  • Deutsche Bank has a more diversified business model with a strong presence in investment banking, commercial banking, and asset management.

  • Credit Suisse has been facing legal and regulatory issues in recent years, while Deutsche Bank has been focusing on improving its risk management and c...read more

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Q67. Current Economic scenario- Are you following the euro zone crisis? Give recent updates

Ans.

Yes, I am following the euro zone crisis closely.

  • The crisis began in 2009 with Greece's debt crisis and has since spread to other countries in the euro zone.

  • The European Central Bank has implemented various measures to address the crisis, including quantitative easing and low interest rates.

  • Brexit has also added to the uncertainty in the euro zone.

  • Recent updates include the approval of a €750 billion recovery fund to help member states recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • There...read more

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Q68. For a DTH company, how do you recognize revenue for a one-time 2 year compulsory charges, monthly subscription, for the setup, accounting treatment for cancellation before 2 years, cancellation after 2 years in...

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Q69. Name 5 companies listed on Nifty?

Ans.

Nifty is an index of National Stock Exchange of India. It comprises of 50 companies from 13 sectors.

  • Reliance Industries Limited - conglomerate

  • HDFC Bank Limited - banking and financial services

  • Tata Consultancy Services Limited - IT services

  • Hindustan Unilever Limited - consumer goods

  • Bharti Airtel Limited - telecommunications

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Q70. Is less number of PORs a reason for your CGPA ?

Ans.

No, the number of PORs is not a reason for my CGPA.

  • My CGPA is based on my academic performance and not on my extracurricular activities.

  • While PORs can enhance my resume, they do not directly impact my grades.

  • I have managed to maintain a good CGPA despite being involved in fewer PORs.

  • My focus has always been on academics and I have dedicated my time accordingly.

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Q71. What is Collateral, type of collateral, Margin call

Ans.

Collateral is an asset pledged by a borrower to secure a loan. Margin call is a demand for additional collateral.

  • Collateral is a form of security for lenders in case the borrower defaults on the loan.

  • Types of collateral include real estate, stocks, bonds, and other assets.

  • Margin call is a request for additional collateral when the value of the collateral falls below a certain level.

  • Margin call is common in margin trading, where investors borrow money to buy securities.

  • If the ...read more

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Q72. Puzzle - express JEE rank as xy + yx (put y=1, x = rank - 1)

Ans.

Express JEE rank as xy + yx (put y=1, x = rank - 1)

  • JEE rank = 1234 can be expressed as 1221 + 2112

  • Replace x with rank - 1 and y with 1 to get the answer

  • For example, if rank = 5, then x = 4 and y = 1, so the answer is 4321 + 1234 = 5555

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Q73. Estimate the scope of 4G in India. Is introducing 4G a good idea? (reason)

Ans.

Introducing 4G in India has a huge scope as it can revolutionize the digital landscape. It is a good idea for faster connectivity.

  • 4G can provide faster internet speeds and better connectivity for mobile devices

  • It can boost the growth of e-commerce, online education, and digital payments

  • 4G can also improve communication and access to information in rural areas

  • Examples of successful 4G implementation in India include Jio and Airtel

  • Overall, introducing 4G in India can have a pos...read more

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Q74. Fair Dice Puzzle- A box has n1 red shoes, n2 blue shoes and so on. Min no of draws to ensure same colour

Ans.

To ensure drawing same color, minimum number of draws is max(n1, n2, ...)

  • Calculate the maximum number of shoes of a single color

  • Draw that many shoes to ensure at least one color is repeated

  • Example: Box has 3 red, 4 blue, 2 green shoes. Minimum draws = 4 (to get 2 blue shoes)

  • Formula: Min draws = ceil(2/(1 - (max(n1, n2, ...) / total shoes)))

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Q75. Mutual fund boughts shares, its journal on trade date and settlement date?

Ans.

Mutual fund buys shares on trade date and settles on settlement date.

  • Mutual fund purchases shares on the trade date, which is the date the transaction is executed.

  • Settlement date is the date on which the mutual fund actually pays for the shares and receives ownership.

  • The journal entry on the trade date would debit the investment account and credit the cash account.

  • The journal entry on the settlement date would reverse the initial entry and record the actual purchase of shares...read more

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Q76. Write a SQL query to select all the people who are below the age of 75 from a set of people.
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Q77. Why not Tower Research (5 min)?

Ans.

Tower Research does not align with my career goals and interests.

  • I am looking for a company that aligns with my values and interests

  • I have researched Tower Research and do not feel it is the right fit for me

  • I am seeking a company with a strong focus on innovation and collaboration

  • Tower Research may be a great fit for others, but it is not the right fit for me

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Q78. How do you do a credit appraisal of SME units?

Ans.

Credit appraisal of SME units involves assessing their financial health, management capabilities, market position, and repayment capacity.

  • Analyze financial statements, including balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements

  • Evaluate management team and their experience in the industry

  • Assess market position and competition

  • Review credit history and repayment capacity

  • Consider collateral and guarantees

  • Use credit scoring models and ratios to determine creditworthiness...read more

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Q79. What is Nifty, Sensex?

Ans.

Nifty and Sensex are stock market indices in India.

  • Nifty is an index of National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Sensex is an index of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

  • Nifty comprises of 50 large-cap companies while Sensex comprises of 30 blue-chip companies.

  • Both indices are used to measure the performance of the Indian stock market.

  • Investors use these indices to track the overall market sentiment and make investment decisions.

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Q80. Difference between call and put option?

Ans.

Call option gives the holder the right to buy an asset at a specified price, while put option gives the holder the right to sell an asset at a specified price.

  • Call option is bullish, while put option is bearish

  • Call option profits when the underlying asset price goes up, while put option profits when the underlying asset price goes down

  • Call option has unlimited profit potential, while put option has limited profit potential

  • Examples: Buying a call option on Apple stock gives th...read more

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Q81. -Relevance of EV/EBITDA? Fundamentals behind EV/EBITDA?

Ans.

EV/EBITDA is a valuation metric used to evaluate a company's financial performance and potential for growth.

  • EV/EBITDA compares a company's enterprise value (EV) to its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA).

  • It is useful for comparing companies in the same industry or sector.

  • A lower EV/EBITDA ratio indicates that a company may be undervalued, while a higher ratio may indicate that a company is overvalued.

  • EV/EBITDA can be used in conjunction wi...read more

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Q82. what do you know about mergers and acquisitions ?

Ans.

Mergers and acquisitions refer to the consolidation of companies or assets through various financial transactions.

  • Mergers involve the combination of two or more companies to form a new entity.

  • Acquisitions involve one company purchasing another company or its assets.

  • M&A can be friendly or hostile, depending on the willingness of the parties involved.

  • M&A can result in cost savings, increased market share, and improved profitability.

  • Examples of notable M&A deals include Disney's...read more

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Q83. Guesstimate: Estimate the number of windows in a skyscraper

Ans.

Estimate the number of windows in a skyscraper

  • Determine the height and width of the building

  • Estimate the number of floors and windows per floor

  • Consider the type of building and its purpose

  • Take into account any unique architectural features

  • Assume an average window size and spacing

  • Consider any visible windows from the exterior

  • Use online resources for average window-to-floor ratios

  • Adjust estimate based on personal experience or knowledge

  • Finalize estimate with a reasonable range

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Q84. If the interest rate in the market goes up

Ans.

If the interest rate in the market goes up

  • The cost of borrowing increases

  • Bond prices decrease

  • Stock prices may decrease

  • Inflation may decrease

  • Currency may appreciate

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Q85. Fill up numbers from 1-25 in a 5X5 matrix such that each number is average of the adjacent numbers

Ans.

Fill a 5X5 matrix with numbers 1-25 such that each number is average of adjacent numbers.

  • Start with the center number and fill the adjacent numbers with consecutive odd numbers

  • Fill the remaining numbers in a spiral pattern, using the average of adjacent numbers

  • Check for edge cases and adjust the numbers accordingly

  • Example: 13 12 11 10 9, 14 3 2 1 8, 15 4 center 6 7, 16 5 18 19 20, 17 22 23 24 25

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Q86. A spider in a well climbs up 3m and goes down by 2m in a day. In how many days will the spider come out of the well if the depth of the well is 10m?

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Q87. Why logistic regression over random forests?

Ans.

Logistic regression is preferred for interpretability and simplicity compared to random forests.

  • Logistic regression is a linear model that is easier to interpret and implement compared to the complex ensemble method of random forests.

  • Logistic regression is better suited for binary classification problems where the relationship between the independent variables and the outcome is linear.

  • Random forests are more computationally expensive and may overfit on small datasets compare...read more

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Q88. How to stop and start JVMs from backend in a WAS. What is the best practice to be followed for the restart of JVMs?

Ans.

To stop and start JVMs in a WAS backend, use administrative console or scripting. Best practice is to perform rolling restarts.

  • Use administrative console to stop and start JVMs individually or in a cluster

  • Use scripting (such as wsadmin) for automation and bulk operations

  • Perform rolling restarts to minimize downtime and ensure high availability

  • Monitor JVM health and performance before and after restarts

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Q89. Type of practice that are being used and why?

Ans.

Agile and Waterfall are the most common practices used in project management.

  • Agile is used for projects with changing requirements and frequent feedback.

  • Waterfall is used for projects with well-defined requirements and a linear process.

  • Hybrid approach is used for projects that require a mix of both Agile and Waterfall methodologies.

  • Scrum is a popular Agile framework used for software development projects.

  • Kanban is another Agile framework used for visualizing and managing work...read more

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Q90. Tell us about basic accounting entries and treatment in all the financial statements.

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Q91. What do you understand by AML and tell the end to end process?

Ans.

AML stands for Anti-Money Laundering. It is a process designed to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained funds as legitimate income.

  • AML involves implementing policies and procedures to detect and prevent money laundering activities.

  • The process includes customer due diligence, monitoring transactions, and reporting suspicious activities to regulatory authorities.

  • Examples of AML measures include verifying customer identities, conducting risk assessments, and train...read more

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Q92. what happens to the value of CDS?

Ans.

The value of CDS changes based on market conditions and creditworthiness of the underlying entity.

  • CDS value increases when the creditworthiness of the underlying entity deteriorates.

  • CDS value decreases when the creditworthiness of the underlying entity improves.

  • CDS value is also affected by market conditions such as interest rates and liquidity.

  • CDS value can be used as an indicator of market sentiment towards the underlying entity.

  • For example, if the CDS value of a company in...read more

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Q93. What is a lambda expression, and how does it relate to functional interfaces? Could you provide an example?

Ans.

A lambda expression is a concise way to represent an anonymous function, often used with functional interfaces in Java.

  • Lambda expressions provide a way to pass functionality as an argument to a method.

  • Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

  • Example: (x, y) -> x + y is a lambda expression that takes two parameters and returns their sum.

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Q94. What do you know about front office and accouting pnl reco

Ans.

Front office and accounting P&L reconciliation involves comparing the profit and loss statements from both departments to ensure accuracy.

  • Front office is responsible for generating revenue through client interactions and trading activities.

  • Accounting is responsible for recording financial transactions and preparing financial statements.

  • P&L reconciliation involves comparing the revenue and expenses reported by the front office with the financial records maintained by the accou...read more

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Q95. What is fund accounting?

Ans.

Fund accounting is a specialized accounting system used by non-profit organizations and government agencies to track and manage funds separately.

  • Fund accounting is used to track and manage funds separately for different purposes or restrictions.

  • It is commonly used by non-profit organizations, government agencies, and investment companies.

  • Each fund has its own set of accounts and financial statements to ensure proper allocation and reporting.

  • Fund accounting helps ensure transp...read more

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Q96. What is duration and convexity and whats the relationship between them

Ans.

Duration and convexity are measures used in fixed income investing to assess the sensitivity of bond prices to changes in interest rates.

  • Duration measures the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates. It is a weighted average of the times until each cash flow is received, with weights proportional to the present value of the cash flow.

  • Convexity measures the curvature of the price-yield relationship of a bond. It provides additional information about the bond...read more

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Q97. Evaluating different aspects of setting up a business

Ans.

Evaluating different aspects of setting up a business

  • Conducting market research to identify demand and competition

  • Developing a solid business plan with clear goals and strategies

  • Securing funding and resources to support the business

  • Complying with legal and regulatory requirements

  • Building a strong team with diverse skills and expertise

  • Establishing effective marketing and branding strategies

  • Monitoring and adjusting business operations to ensure success

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Q98. Explain classification models and how they work

Ans.

Classification models are used to predict the category or class of a new observation based on past data.

  • Classification models assign new data points to a specific category or class based on patterns in the training data.

  • Common classification algorithms include logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines.

  • These models are evaluated based on metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.

  • Example: Predicting whether an email is spam or...read more

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Q99. Write algorithm for a coding problem statement

Ans.

Algorithm to find the largest number in an array

  • Initialize a variable to store the largest number

  • Loop through the array and compare each element with the current largest number

  • If the element is larger, update the largest number variable

  • Return the largest number

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Q100. What are diiferent types of securities?

Ans.

Different types of securities include stocks, bonds, options, and mutual funds.

  • Stocks represent ownership in a company

  • Bonds are debt securities issued by governments or corporations

  • Options give the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a specified price

  • Mutual funds pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio

  • Other types include ETFs, futures, and derivatives

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