Capita Senior Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had questions from Java, OOPS and MVC. More emphasis was given on the fundamentals of the subject rather than the advanced topics.

Q1. How does ConcurrentHashMap work in Java?
Ans. 
ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe implementation of the Map interface in Java.
• ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to read and write to the map concurrently without the need for external synchronization.

• It achieves this by dividing the map into segments, each with its own lock, allowing multiple threads to access different segments concurrently.

• ConcurrentHashMap does not block the entire map when performing read ...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between HashSet and HashMap in Java?
Ans. 
HashSet is a collection of unique elements, while HashMap is a key-value pair collection.
• HashSet does not allow duplicate elements, while HashMap allows duplicate values but not duplicate keys.

• HashSet uses a hash table to store elements, while HashMap uses key-value pairs to store data.

• Example: HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
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Q3. Can you differentiate between ArrayList and Vector in Java?
Ans. 
ArrayList is non-synchronized and Vector is synchronized in Java.
• ArrayList is not synchronized, while Vector is synchronized.

• ArrayList is faster than Vector as it is not synchronized.

• Vector is thread-safe, while ArrayList is not.

• Example: ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); Vector<String> vector = new Vector<>();
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Q4. What is meant by an interface in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
An interface in Object-Oriented Programming defines a contract for classes to implement certain methods or behaviors.
• An interface contains method signatures but no implementation details.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces in Java.

• Interfaces allow for polymorphism and loose coupling in OOP.

• Example: 'Comparable' interface in Java defines a method 'compareTo' for comparing objects.
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Q5. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in OOP?
Ans. 
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can only extend one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used to define common characteristics of subclasses, while interfaces are used to define common behavi...read more
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Q6. Can you explain in brief the role of different MVC components?
Ans. 
MVC components include Model, View, and Controller which work together to separate concerns in a software application.
• Model: Represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View: Represents the user interface and displays data from the model to the user.

• Controller: Acts as an intermediary between the model and view, handling user input and updating the model accordingly.

• Example: In a web application, the mode...read more
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Q7. How is routing carried out in MVC?
Ans. 
Routing in MVC is carried out by mapping URLs to controller actions.
• Routing is configured in the RouteConfig.cs file in the App_Start folder.

• Routes are defined using the MapRoute method, which takes parameters like URL pattern, default values, and constraints.

• Routes are matched in the order they are defined, with the first match being used to determine the controller and action.

• Route parameters can be accessed in contr...read more
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Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

In this round, I was asked questions mainly from Jenkins, CI/CD and some more questions revolving around common HTTP methods and Microservices.

Q1. What is Jenkins?
Ans. 
Jenkins is an open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery of software projects.
• Jenkins allows for automation of building, testing, and deploying software.

• It integrates with various version control systems like Git and SVN.

• Jenkins pipelines allow for defining complex build and deployment workflows.

• Plugins in Jenkins extend its functionality to support various tools and technolog...read more
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Q2. What are the types of Jenkins pipelines?
Ans. 
Types of Jenkins pipelines include Scripted Pipeline, Declarative Pipeline, and Multibranch Pipeline.
• Scripted Pipeline allows for maximum flexibility and control through Groovy scripting

• Declarative Pipeline provides a more structured and simplified syntax for defining pipelines

• Multibranch Pipeline automatically creates a new pipeline for each branch in a repository
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Q3. Can you explain the Jenkins Multibranch Pipeline?
Ans. 
Jenkins Multibranch Pipeline allows you to automatically create Jenkins Pipeline jobs for each branch in your repository.
• Automatically creates Jenkins Pipeline jobs for each branch in a repository

• Uses a Jenkinsfile to define the pipeline steps and configurations

• Supports automatic branch indexing and job creation

• Helps in managing multiple branches and their respective pipelines efficiently
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Q4. What are the credential types supported by Jenkins?
Ans. 
Jenkins supports various credential types for secure authentication and authorization.
• Username and password

• SSH key

• Secret text

• Certificate

• AWS credentials
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Q5. What is the difference between the PUT and POST methods in API?
Ans. 
PUT is used to update or replace an existing resource, while POST is used to create a new resource.
• PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request.

• POST is not idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests may result in different outcomes.

• PUT is used when the client knows the exact URI of the resource it wants to update.

• POST is used when the server assigns a URI for...read more
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Q6. Explain how independent microservices communicate with each other.
Ans. 
Independent microservices communicate through APIs, message queues, or event-driven architecture.
• Microservices communicate through RESTful APIs, allowing them to send and receive data over HTTP.

• Message queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka enable asynchronous communication between microservices.

• Event-driven architecture using tools like Apache Kafka allows microservices to react to events in real-time.

• Service mesh frameworks l...read more
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Q7. Can you explain OAuth?
Ans. 
OAuth is an open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords.
• OAuth allows users to grant access to their information on one site to another site without sharing their credentials.

• It is commonly used for authentication and authorization in APIs.

• OAuth uses tokens instead of p...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a Technical Cum HR round where I was first asked some basic Java related concepts and then we discussed
about my expectations from the company , learnings and growth in the forthcomig years. I would suggest be honest and
try to communicate your thoughts properly in these type of rounds to maximise your chances of getting selected.