Capita Software Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

In this round, the interviewer asked me 2 coding questions , the first one was related to Simple Hashing and the second one was to implement Kadane's Algorithm. I coded both the solutions in the given time and at the end was also asked some questions revolving around OOPS and C#.

Q1. 
Find All Pairs Adding Up to Target
Given an array of integers ARR of length N and an integer Target, your task is to return all pairs of elements such that they add up to the Target.
Input:
The first line ...read more
Ans. 
Approach :

1) We can store the frequency of every element in the array in a hashmap.

2) We will loop over every index i, and check the frequency of (Target - ARR[i]) is the hashmap : 

2.1) If (Target - ARR[i]) is equal to ARR[i], we will check if frequency of ARR[i] . If it is greater than 1 then we will
decrease the frequency of ARR[i] by 2 and add a pair (ARR[i] , ARR[i]) to our answer.

2.2) Else, if the frequency of...read more
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Q2. 
Maximum Subarray Sum Task
Given an array or list ARR consisting of N integers, your objective is to compute the maximum possible sum obtainable from a non-empty subarray (a contiguous sequence) within thi...read more
Ans. 
Approach (Using Kadane's Algo) :

1) Declare a variable ‘maxSum’ and initialize it with ‘minimum integer’.

2) Declare a variable ‘localSum’ and initialize it with ‘0’.

3) Declare 3 counter variables as ‘start’ , ‘end’ , ‘newStart’ as 0, 0, 0.

4) Run a loop from i = 0 to N
4.1) Add a current element to ‘localSum’.

4.2) If 'localSum' is greater than 'maxSum'
Update ‘maxSum’ with 'localSum', update start with ‘newStart’ and end w...read more
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Q3. What do you mean by data encapsulation?
Ans. 
1) Data Encapsulation is an Object-Oriented Programming concept of hiding the data attributes and their behaviors in
a single unit.

2) It helps developers to follow modularity while developing software by ensuring that each object is independent of
other objects by having its own methods, attributes, and functionalities.

3) It is used for the security of the private properties of an object and hence serves the purpose of d
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Q4. What are the different ways in which a method can be overloaded in C#?
Ans. 
Overloading means when a method has the same name but carries different values to use in a different context. Only the main() method cannot be overloaded.

In order to overload methods in C#, 

1) Change the number of parameters in a method, or
2) Change the order of parameters in a method, or
3) Use different data types for parameters

In these ways, you can overload a method multiple times.

EXAMPLE : 

public class Ar...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was preety much mixed and had questions from LINQ , .NET framework, DBMS, OOPS and Design Patterns.

Q1. What is LINQ, and what are the advantages of using LINQ in a Dataset?
Ans. 
LINQ : The word LINQ is the abbreviation of the Language Integrated Query. It's a .NET framework module that connects native data querying capabilities to .net Language. It offers easy data access from in-memory objects, databases, XML documents, and many more.

The advantages of LINQ are as follows -

1) The primary purpose of using LINQ is to retrieve complex query in a dataset.

2) LINQ is used to combine the values from ...read more
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Q2. What are the differences between LINQ and Stored Procedures?
Ans. 
Some significant differences between LINQ and Stored Procedure are as follows -

1) The stored procedure is faster than a LINQ query because they follow a proper (Expected) execution plan.

2) It is easy to avoid run time errors in SQL query than in comparison to a stored procedure.

3) LINQ uses the .NET debugger to allow debugging, which is not in case of stored procedures.

4) LINQ supports multiple databases in contrast to...read more
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Q3. What is an Expression Tree in LINQ?
Ans. 
Lambda expressions are extensively used in Expression Tree construction. An Expression Tree represents code in a tree-like format, where each node acts as an impression. Expression trees can be converted into compiled code and run it.

In, .NET framework, Expression class is used to create expression tree through the API. Expression Trees API also support assignment and some control flow expression such as conditional bl...read more
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Q4. What is the difference between a trigger and a procedure in a Database Management System (DBMS)?
Ans. 
Triggers : 

1) A Trigger is implicitly invoked whenever any event such as INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE occurs in a TABLE.
2) Only nesting of triggers can be achieved in a table. We cannot define/call a trigger inside another trigger.
3) In a database, syntax to define a trigger: CREATE TRIGGER TRIGGER_NAME.
4) Transaction statements such as COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT are not allowed in triggers.
5) Triggers are used to main...read more
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Q5. What are abstraction and data encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
Ans. 
Abstraction : 
1) If you are a user, and you have a problem statement, you don't want to know how the components of the software work, or how it's made. You only want to know how the software solves your problem. 

2) Abstraction is the method of hiding unnecessary details from the necessary ones. It is one of the main features of OOPs. 

3) For example, consider a car. You only need to know how to run a car,...read more
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Q6. What are the types of design patterns in Java?
Ans. 
There are three types of design patterns. They are : 

1) Creational Patterns: These patterns provide freedom of choice between creating objects by hiding the logic. The
objects constructed are decoupled from the implemented system. Some of the examples of creational patterns are -
Factory design pattern, Builder design, Prototype design, Singleton design, Abstract Factory design.

2) Structural Patterns: These patterns...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round. HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. What is something about you that is not included in your resume?
Ans. 
If you get this question, it's an opportunity to choose the most compelling information to share that is not obvious from
your resume.

Example :

Strength -> I believe that my greatest strength is the ability to solve problems quickly and efficiently, which makes me
unique from others.

Ability to handle Pressure -> I enjoy working under pressure because I believe it helps me grow and become more
efficient.


Tip : Emphasiz...read more
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Q1. What is Mvc life cycle? explian
Ans. 
MVC life cycle is a series of steps that occur when a request is made to an MVC application.
• Request is received by the routing engine

• Routing engine determines the controller and action to handle the request

• Controller is instantiated and action method is called

• Action method returns a view

• View is rendered and returned as a response
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