200+ Technology Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Possible reasons for an atomic spark job running for more than an hour.

• Data size may have increased beyond the capacity of the cluster

• Issues with network connectivity or hardware failure

• Inefficient code or poorly optimized queries

• Resource contention with other jobs running on the cluster

• Data skew or data imbalance

• Incorrect configuration settings

A dataframe is a two-dimensional tabular data structure in which data is organized in rows and columns. It differs from a dataset in terms of structure and functionality.

• A dataframe is a data structure in which data is organized in a tabular format with rows and columns.

• It is commonly used in data analysis and manipulation tasks.

• Dataframes can handle both structured and semi-structured data.

• They provide a convenient way to store and manipulate large datasets.

• Dataframes offer ...read more

To communicate between two REST APIs, use HTTP requests and implement security measures such as authentication and encryption.

• Use HTTP requests such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to communicate between two REST APIs

• Implement authentication measures such as OAuth or API keys to ensure secure communication

• Use encryption techniques such as SSL or TLS to protect sensitive data during transmission

• Consider using a message broker such as RabbitMQ or Kafka for asynchronous communicat...read more

Answering questions related to VLAN, VTP, STP, OSPF, IP classes and range, subnetting, NAT, Cisco routers, and F5 load balancer.

• VLAN is a virtual LAN that allows network administrators to group devices together based on their function or team.

• VTP is VLAN Trunking Protocol that manages VLAN configuration consistency across a network.

• Server mode is normally used in switches for VTP.

• STP is Spanning Tree Protocol that prevents network loops by blocking redundant paths.

• OSPF states...read more

Creating a Spring Boot application for web and database operations

• Create a new Spring Boot project using Spring Initializr

• Add necessary dependencies for web and database operations in pom.xml

• Create a database schema and configure database connection in application.properties

• Create entity classes and corresponding repositories

• Create REST controllers for web operations

• Test the application using Postman or any other REST client

5 Spring boot annotations and their uses

• 1. @SpringBootApplication - used to mark the main class of a Spring Boot application

• 2. @RestController - used to mark a class as a RESTful controller

• 3. @Autowired - used to inject dependencies into a class

• 4. @RequestMapping - used to map HTTP requests to methods in a controller

• 5. @EnableAutoConfiguration - used to enable Spring Boot's auto-configuration feature

To write a REST API for updating and creating a new resource, follow these pointers.

• Define the API endpoint and HTTP method for creating and updating resources

• Validate the input data and handle errors appropriately

• Update or create the resource in the database

• Return a response with the updated or created resource and a status code indicating success

To find the first 3 highest student records from a class of students.

• Sort the student records in descending order based on their scores.

• Select the top 3 records from the sorted list.

• If there are ties, include all students with the same score in the top 3.

• Consider edge cases such as empty records or less than 3 records.

Authentication verifies identity, authorization verifies access. Spring Boot uses role-based authorization.

• Authentication confirms the user's identity, authorization determines what the user can access

• Spring Boot uses role-based authorization, where users are assigned roles and permissions are granted to those roles

• Examples of authorization include file permissions, access control lists, and role-based access control

Designing a database for a parking lot and creating relationships between tables.

• Create a table for parking spots with a unique ID

• Create a table for vehicles with a unique ID

• Create a table for parking transactions with a unique ID, parking spot ID, and vehicle ID

• Establish a one-to-many relationship between parking spots and parking transactions

• Establish a one-to-many relationship between vehicles and parking transactions

Refine graph traversing solution by optimizing algorithms and data structures.

• Use efficient algorithms like Dijkstra's or A* for shortest path traversal.

• Implement data structures like priority queues or heaps for faster traversal.

• Consider using parallel processing or distributed computing for large graphs.

• Optimize memory usage by using compressed data structures like succinct graphs.

• Use caching to avoid redundant computations and improve performance.

I would prefer Spring Data JPA repository as it provides easy implementation of CRUD operations and supports multiple databases.

• Spring Data JPA provides a simple and efficient way to implement CRUD operations.

• It supports multiple databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.

• It also provides features like pagination, sorting, and querying.

• Spring Data JPA reduces boilerplate code and increases productivity.

• Example: JpaRepository interface in Spring Data JPA provides default...read more

Caching all dataframe can slow execution due to memory constraints and increased I/O operations.

• Caching all dataframes can lead to memory constraints as all data is stored in memory.

• Increased I/O operations can also slow down execution as data is constantly being read and written to disk.

• Caching should be used judiciously and only for frequently accessed data.

• Partitioning data can also help in reducing memory constraints and improving performance.

SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Planning: Defining project goals, scope, and requirements.

• Analysis: Gathering and analyzing user requirements.

• Design: Creating a detailed blueprint of the software solution.

• Implementation: Writing code and developing the software.

• Testing: Conducting various tests to ensure software quality.

• Deployment: Releasing the software for users.

• Maintenance: Providin...read more

Parameters are used to define values in a report, while filters are used to limit the data displayed in a report.

• Parameters are used to make a report more dynamic by allowing users to input values such as dates or names.

• Filters are used to limit the data displayed in a report based on specific criteria such as date range or product type.

• Parameters are set before a report is run, while filters can be applied during or after a report is run.

• Examples of parameters include start ...read more

Creating relationships between tables in JPA using entities

• Use annotations such as @ManyToOne, @OneToMany, @OneToOne, and @ManyToMany to define relationships

• Specify the target entity and the mapping column using @JoinColumn

• Use the mappedBy attribute to specify the inverse side of the relationship

• Example: @ManyToOne(targetEntity = Author.class) @JoinColumn(name = "author_id") private Author author;

• Example: @OneToMany(mappedBy = "author") private List books;

The @primary annotation is used to mark a primary key in a database table.

• It is used in database design to indicate the primary key of a table

• It is often used in conjunction with other annotations such as @Entity and @Id

• It can be used to specify the name of the primary key column

• Example: @Entity @Table(name = "users") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name = "user_id") private Long id; }

Parameterised constructor executes first if called explicitly, else default constructor.

• If an object is created without any arguments, default constructor executes first.

• If an object is created with arguments, parameterised constructor executes first.

• Explicitly calling parameterised constructor will execute it first.

There are two types of constructors in .Net: Default and Parameterized.

• Default constructors are used to create an object with default values.

• Parameterized constructors are used to create an object with custom values.

• Parameterized constructors can have multiple parameters.

• Example: public class Person { public Person(string name, int age) { this.Name = name; this.Age = age; } }

The first transatlantic radio broadcast occurred in the 1900s.

• The first transatlantic radio broadcast took place in the early 1900s.

• It was achieved by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901.

• Marconi successfully transmitted a radio signal from Cornwall, England to Newfoundland, Canada.

• This breakthrough in communication technology paved the way for future advancements in global communication.

Some alternatives for the tech stack mentioned above could be React Native for mobile development, Django for backend, and PostgreSQL for database.

• React Native for cross-platform mobile development

• Django for backend development

• PostgreSQL for database management

Optimizing indexes, query optimization, partitioning, caching, and hardware upgrades can improve database performance for large data sets.

• Optimize indexes to reduce the time taken for data retrieval

• Optimize queries by avoiding unnecessary joins and using appropriate indexing

• Partition large tables to distribute data across multiple storage devices for faster access

• Implement caching mechanisms to store frequently accessed data in memory for quicker retrieval

• Consider hardware up...read more

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and Interface is a blueprint of a class.

• Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods while Interface can only have abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have constructors while Interface cannot.

• Example of Abstract class: Animal (abstract method: makeSound())

• Example of Interface: Runnable (abstract method: run())

Program to sort an array in descending order with minimum lines of code

• Use built-in sort function with reverse parameter

• Alternatively, use a lambda function with sorted() method

• Both methods can be implemented in one line of code

Singleton and Factory are design patterns used in software development.

• Singleton pattern ensures that only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern provides an interface for creating objects in a superclass, but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created.

• Singleton pattern is useful when we need to limit the number of instances of a class that can be created.

• Factory pattern is useful when we want to...read more

Exception handling is crucial for any application. Spring Boot provides various ways to handle exceptions globally.

• Spring Boot provides @ControllerAdvice annotation to handle exceptions globally

• Exception handling can be done using @ExceptionHandler annotation

• Spring Boot also provides a default error page for unhandled exceptions

• Custom error pages can be created using ErrorController interface

Different types of method declaration in C#

• Static method - declared with 'static' keyword and can be called without creating an instance of the class

• Instance method - declared without 'static' keyword and can only be called on an instance of the class

• Async method - declared with 'async' keyword and can be used to perform asynchronous operations

• Extension method - declared with 'this' keyword and can be called as if it is a member of the extended class

• Partial method - declared ...read more

Explanation of terms in public static void main (string args[])

• public: Access modifier indicating that the method can be accessed from anywhere

• static: Keyword indicating that the method belongs to the class and not to an instance of the class

• void: Return type indicating that the method does not return any value

• main: Method name, the entry point of the program

• string[] args: Parameter of the method, an array of strings that can be passed as command line arguments

Designing a shopping cart involves creating a user-friendly interface for customers to add, view, and manage items for purchase.

• Include features such as adding/removing items, viewing total price, and checking out securely.

• Design a visually appealing and intuitive layout for easy navigation.

• Implement functionality for saving items in cart for future visits.

• Consider options for applying discounts or promo codes.

• Ensure compatibility with various devices and browsers for a seaml...read more

A program to play Brick ball game can be developed using a game engine and programming language.

• Choose a game engine like Unity or Unreal Engine to develop the game

• Use a programming language like C# or C++ to code the game mechanics

• Implement physics engine to simulate ball and brick collisions

• Design levels with increasing difficulty and power-ups for the player

• Add sound effects and music to enhance the gaming experience

Services and work manager are components in software development that help manage background tasks and processes.

• Services are components that run in the background to perform long-running operations without affecting the user interface.

• Work manager is a library that helps manage background tasks efficiently, taking into account factors like battery life and network availability.

• Services can be used for tasks like downloading files, playing music, or syncing data in the backgr...read more

ListView is a legacy view for displaying lists in Android, while RecyclerView is a more flexible and efficient replacement.

• ListView is less efficient in terms of memory and performance compared to RecyclerView.

• RecyclerView provides better performance by recycling views and separating the responsibilities of layout and data management.

• RecyclerView supports more advanced features like animations and item decorations.

• ListView is simpler to implement but lacks the flexibility and...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Indexing is the process of creating a data structure to improve the speed of data retrieval.

• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables to reduce redundancy and dependency.

• Indexing involves creating a data structure to improve the speed of data retrieval.

• Normalization and indexing are important for improving database performance and data integrit...read more

Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently.

• Multithreading improves performance by utilizing idle CPU time.

• Example: A web server handling multiple requests simultaneously.

• Multithreading can lead to synchronization issues and race conditions.

• Thread safety can be achieved through locks and semaphores.

Data can be passed to a COBOL program via JCL using DD statements.

• Define a DD statement in the JCL with the same name as the input file in the COBOL program

• Specify the input file name in the COBOL program's INPUT PROCEDURE

• Use the ACCEPT statement in the COBOL program to read the input data

Use the extend() method in Python to combine multiple lists into a single list.

• Use the extend() method to add elements from one list to another list.

• Alternatively, you can use the + operator to concatenate lists.

• Example: list1 = [1, 2, 3], list2 = [4, 5, 6], combined_list = list1 + list2