Ernst & Young Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Questions related to background. Resume based.
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Q1. Area of interest - Backend, frontend, databases, cloud etc
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Q1. Areas of interest - Backend, frontend, databases, cloud, etc
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Q1. Behavioral interview with the Parter/Principal
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Q1. Basic java and angular questions
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Basic technical question on finding duplicate alphabets in a string

Q1. What is your plan 5 years down the line, how to resolve conflict in the team
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This round is purely based on DS /Algo and System Design and their real-life applications implications and a few case studies.

Q1. How memory is managed in python?
Ans. 
Python uses automatic memory management through garbage collection.
• Python uses reference counting to keep track of memory usage.

• When an object's reference count reaches zero, it is deleted.

• Python also uses a garbage collector to clean up circular references.

• Memory allocation is handled by the Python memory manager.

• Python provides tools like sys.getsizeof() to monitor memory usage.
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Q2. Three-tier architecture, Flask, Docker, Redis,Microservice,Design Patterns
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Q1. Aptitude-based and technical situation questions with senior members of the team.
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Q1. Why are you looking for a change?
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Q2. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started slow with some basic fundamental questions around OOPS and then paced up higher to some more advanced questions Java and Multithreading in Java in general.

Q1. Can you explain the SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design?
Ans. 
The SOLID principle is an acronym of the five principles which is given below :

1) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2) Open/Closed Principle
3) Liskov’s Substitution Principle (LSP)
4) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

Uses of SOLID design principles :

1) The SOLID principle helps in reducing tight coupling.
2) Tight coupling means a group of classes are highly dependent on one ...read more
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Q2. What is abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
If you are a user, and you have a problem statement, you don't want to know how the components of the software
work, or how it's made. You only want to know how the software solves your problem. Abstraction is the method of
hiding unnecessary details from the necessary ones. It is one of the main features of OOPs.
For example, consider a car. You only need to know how to run a car, and not how the wires are connected insi
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Q3. How is an abstract class different from an interface?
Ans. 
Interface and abstract class both are special types of classes that contain only the methods declaration and not their
implementation. But the interface is entirely different from an abstract class. The main difference between the two is
that, when an interface is implemented, the subclass must define all its methods and provide its implementation.
Whereas when an abstract class is inherited, the subclass does not need to...read more
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Q4. What is a classloader in Java?
Ans. 
Classloader is a subsystem of JVM which is used to load class files. Whenever we run the java program, it is loaded
first by the classloader. There are three built-in classloaders in Java.

1) Bootstrap ClassLoader: This is the first classloader which is the superclass of Extension classloader. It loads the
rt.jar file which contains all class files of Java Standard Edition like java.lang package classes, java.net package
c...read more
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Q5. Why is Java considered platform independent, while the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is platform dependent?
Ans. 
JVM is platform dependent because it takes java byte code and generates byte code for the current operating
system. So Java software is platform dependent but Java language is platform independent because different
operating system have different JVMs.
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Q6. Can you tell us something about the JIT compiler?
Ans. 
1) JIT stands for Just-In-Time and it is used for improving the performance during run time. It does the task of
compiling parts of byte code having similar functionality at the same time thereby reducing the amount of compilation
time for the code to run.

2) The compiler is nothing but a translator of source code to machine-executable code.


Working of the JIT Compiler :

1) First, the Java source code (.java) conversion to ...read more
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Q7. Can you explain what a thread pool is?
Ans. 
1) A Thread pool is simply a collection of pre-initialized or worker threads at the start-up that can be used to execute
tasks and put back in the pool when completed.

2) It is referred to as pool threads in which a group of fixed-size threads is created.

3) By reducing the number of application threads and managing their lifecycle, one can mitigate the issue of
performance using a thread pool.

4) Using threads, performance...read more
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Q8. What is the difference between the interrupted() and isInterrupted() methods in Java?
Ans. 
1) Main difference between interrupted() and isInterrupted() is that former clears the interrupt status while later does
not.

2) The interrupt mechanism in Java multi-threading is implemented using an internal flag known as the interrupt
status. Interrupting a thread by calling Thread.interrupt() sets this flag.

3) When interrupted thread checks for an interrupt by invoking the static method Thread.interrupted(), interrupt...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round primarily focused on some major concepts in Spring Boot and Hibernate and had questions revolving around
that with some more questions from Microserviices and Java Design Patterns.

Q1. How many bean scopes are supported by Spring?
Ans. 
The Spring Framework supports five scopes. They are :

1) Singleton : This provides scope for the bean definition to single instance per Spring IoC container.
2) Prototype : This provides scope for a single bean definition to have any number of object instances.
3) Request : This provides scope for a bean definition to an HTTP-request.
4) Session : This provides scope for a bean definition to an HTTP-session.
5) Global-sessi...read more
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Q2. What do you understand by autowiring in Spring Boot, and can you name the different modes of autowiring?
Ans. 
The Spring container is able to autowire relationships between the collaborating beans. That is, it is possible to let
Spring resolve collaborators for your bean automatically by inspecting the contents of the BeanFactory.
Different modes of bean auto-wiring are : 

1) no : This is default setting which means no autowiring. Explicit bean reference should be used for wiring.

2) byName : It injects the object dependency ...read more
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Q3. Can you explain the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
It is a combination of @Controller and @ResponseBody, used for creating a restful controller. It converts the
response to JSON or XML. It ensures that data returned by each method will be written straight into the response
body instead of returning a template.
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Q4. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration,
and @ComponentScan with their default attributes. Spring Boot enables the developer to use a single annotation
instead of using multiple. But, as we know, Spring provided loosely coupled features that we can use for each
annotation as per our project needs.
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Q5. Can you explain Spring Actuator and its advantages?
Ans. 
1) Spring Actuator is a cool feature of Spring Boot with the help of which you can see what is happening inside a
running application.

2) So, whenever you want to debug your application, and need to analyze the logs you need to understand what is
happening in the application.

3) In such a scenario, the Spring Actuator provides easy access to features such as identifying beans, CPU usage,
etc.

4) The Spring Actuator provides ...read more
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Q6. What are the concurrency strategies available in Hibernate?
Ans. 
Concurrency strategies are the mediators responsible for storing and retrieving items from the cache. While enabling
second-level cache, it is the responsibility of the developer to provide what strategy is to be implemented to decide for
each persistent class and collection.

Following are the concurrency strategies that are used:

1) Transactional: This is used in cases of updating data that most likely causes stale data a...read more
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Q7. Can you explain the working of Microservice Architecture?
Ans. 
Microservice architectures consist of the following components :

1) Clients: Different users send requests from various devices.
2) Identity Provider: Validate a user's or client's identity and issue security tokens.
3) API Gateway: Handles the requests from clients.
4) Static Content: Contains all of the system's content.
5) Management: Services are balanced on nodes and failures are identified.
6) Service Discovery: A guid...read more
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Q8. What issues are generally addressed by Spring Cloud?
Ans. 
The following problems can be solved with spring cloud :

1) Complicated issues caused by distributed systems: This includes network issues, latency problems, bandwidth
problems, and security issues.

2) Service Discovery issues: Service discovery allows processes and services to communicate and locate each other
within a cluster.

3) Redundancy issues: Distributed systems can often have redundancy issues.

4) Load balancing iss...read more
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Q9. Can you explain the Singleton design pattern?
Ans. 
Singleton pattern in Java is a pattern which allows a single instance within an application. One good example of the
singleton pattern is java.lang.Runtime.

Singleton Pattern states that define a class that has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

In other words, it is the responsibility of the class that only a single instance should be created, and all other classes
can use a single object.
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round. HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. Why should we hire you?
Ans. 
Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the ...read more
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Q2. Why are you looking for a job change?
Ans. 
Tip : For an experienced professional seeking a change, this is a common question. The easiest method to respond
to this question is to state that you are leaving your current work in order to advance your career. Make sure you don't
criticize or speak poorly about the company where you now work
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