Cognizant Interview Questions and Answers

I am a UiPath Developer with experience in automating various business processes.

• Developed automation solutions using UiPath for data entry tasks

• Integrated UiPath robots with APIs to automate data retrieval and processing

• Worked on projects to automate invoice processing and report generation

• Implemented error handling mechanisms and logging in UiPath workflows

ReFramework is a template in UiPath for building robust, scalable, and reusable automation projects.

• ReFramework is a template that includes Dispatcher and Performer components for handling transactions.

• Dispatcher is responsible for reading input data and adding it to a queue.

• Performer processes items from the queue, performs the necessary actions, and updates the status of each transaction.

• DataTable transaction approac...read more

Execute query is used to retrieve data from a database, while execute non-query is used to perform operations that do not return data.

• Execute query is used for SELECT statements to retrieve data from a database.

• Execute non-query is used for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements that do not return data.

• Execute query returns a result set, while execute non-query returns the number of rows affected.

• Examples: Execute query - S...read more

Switch statement is used for multiple conditions, while if-else statement is used for binary conditions.

• Switch statement is more efficient when there are multiple conditions to check.

• If-else statement is more flexible as it can handle complex conditions.

• Switch statement uses 'case' and 'break' keywords, while if-else statement uses 'if', 'else if', and 'else'.

Datatable is used to store and manipulate data in UiPath. Connection string is used to establish a connection to a database.

• Datatable is a structured data type used to store information in rows and columns.

• You can use activities like 'Build Data Table' to create a new datatable or 'Read Range' to read data from an Excel file into a datatable.

• Connection string is a string that contains information about how to connect t...read more

Project roles and responsibilities define tasks and expectations for team members to ensure project success.

• Project Manager: Oversees project planning, execution, and closure. Example: Coordinating team meetings and tracking progress.

• Team Members: Execute specific tasks assigned to them. Example: Developers coding features based on requirements.

• Stakeholders: Provide input and feedback throughout the project. Example: C...read more

There are multiple ways to call server side code from client side, including AJAX, WebSockets, and REST API calls.

• AJAX

• WebSockets

• REST API calls

To create a new request type in ITSM, follow these steps.

• Navigate to the Service Catalog in the ITSM module.

• Click on 'Create New' to start creating a new request type.

• Fill in the necessary details such as name, description, and category.

• Define the workflow for the request type, including approval processes and assignment rules.

• Test the new request type to ensure it functions correctly.

• Publish the request type for users...read more

Restrict characters for 'Investment' field in incident table to 500 characters using UI policy.

• Create a UI policy on the incident table

• Add a condition to check the length of the 'Investment' field

• Set the UI policy action to display an error message if the character limit is exceeded

GFST submit is used to submit a GlideFormState object in ServiceNow.

• GFST submit is used to save the current state of a form in ServiceNow.

• It is commonly used in client-side scripts to save form data without refreshing the page.

• GFST submit can be used to trigger business rules and workflows upon form submission.

Yes, 'IT Service Manager' role description and short description should be visible.

• Role description should clearly outline the responsibilities and requirements of the IT Service Manager position

• Short description should provide a brief overview of the role to attract potential candidates

• Both descriptions should be easily accessible on the job posting or company website

Client scripts in ServiceNow are used to automate processes on the client side.

• onChange

• onLoad

• onSubmit

Client script runs before UI Policy due to the order of execution in ServiceNow.

• Client script runs before UI Policy because it is executed on the client side before the form is submitted.

• UI Policy runs after Client script as it is applied after the form is submitted.

• Client script is used for field-level validation and manipulation, while UI Policy is used for controlling field visibility and mandatory fields.

Business rules in ServiceNow can be categorized as before, after, async, and synchronous. After business rules run after a record is inserted or updated, while async business rules run in the background.

• Types of business rules in ServiceNow: before, after, async, synchronous

• After business rules run after a record is inserted or updated

• Async business rules run in the background without blocking the user interface

• Differe...read more

Yes, the order of Business rules can be changed.

• Yes, the order of Business rules can be changed by adjusting the order in which they are executed in the Business rule list.

• This can be done by changing the 'Order' field value in the Business rule record.

• Business rules with lower 'Order' values will be executed before those with higher 'Order' values.

• Changing the order of Business rules can impact the overall behavior an...read more

Email notifications in ServiceNow can be customized using scripts for dynamic content and conditions.

• Use 'Email Notification' module to create notifications based on specific conditions.

• Scripts can be added to the 'Condition' field to determine when to send an email.

• Example: Use 'current.state.changes()' to trigger an email when the state changes.

• Utilize 'Email Template' for consistent formatting and dynamic content in...read more

The isolate checkbox is used to prevent a script from running in the global scope.

• Prevents variables and functions from being accessed globally

• Helps in avoiding conflicts with other scripts

• Useful when developing complex applications with multiple scripts

xml() and xml() wait are both used in ServiceNow to parse XML data, but xml() wait is used for asynchronous parsing.

• xml() is used for synchronous parsing of XML data in ServiceNow

• xml.wait() is used for asynchronous parsing of XML data in ServiceNow

• xml() is blocking, while xml.wait() allows other operations to continue while parsing XML data

To achieve UI actions in ServiceNow, use client scripts for client-side and business rules for server-side execution.

• Use Client Scripts for UI actions that need to run on the user's browser.

• Use Business Rules for server-side logic that should execute on record changes.

• Example: A Client Script can validate a form before submission, while a Business Rule can update a field based on that submission.

• You can call server-sid...read more

Update 'Investment' field in incident table from Standard to SMA for all records

• Create a script to update the 'Investment' field in incident table for all records

• Use a loop to iterate through each record and update the 'Investment' field value from Standard to SMA

Yes, we can use 'previous' in Business rule to access the previous value of a field.

• Use 'previous' keyword in a Business rule to access the previous value of a field

• Can be helpful in comparing current and previous values for triggering actions

• Example: gs.info('Previous value: ' + current.previous.value)

get reference is used to retrieve a reference to a record in another table

• Used to establish relationships between records in different tables

• Allows for easy access to related information

• Can be used in scripts to retrieve data from related records

I am a Senior Automation Test Engineer with 5+ years of experience in designing and implementing automated testing frameworks.

• 5+ years of experience in automation testing

• Proficient in designing and implementing automated testing frameworks

• Strong knowledge of testing tools like Selenium, Appium, and JUnit

• Experience in creating test scripts and executing test cases

• Ability to analyze test results and identify defects

The syntax for using driver.findElement in Selenium is driver.findElement(By locator)

• Use driver.findElement(By locator) to locate a single element on the web page

• Specify the locator strategy (e.g. By.id, By.name, By.xpath) to identify the element

• Example: WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

Different types of assertions and syntax for hard assertion in TestNG

• Types of assertions: Hard assertions and Soft assertions

• Syntax for hard assertion in TestNG: Assert.assertEquals(expected, actual)

Types of wait mechanisms include implicit wait, explicit wait, fluent wait, and thread.sleep.

• Implicit wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further.

• Fluent wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a specified polling frequency.

• Thread.sleep: Pauses the execution for a specified amount of time.

Frames in Selenium can be managed using switchTo() method to navigate between frames.

• Use driver.switchTo().frame() method to switch to a frame by index, name or WebElement

• Use driver.switchTo().defaultContent() method to switch back to the main content

• Use driver.switchTo().parentFrame() method to switch to the parent frame

Use a Set data structure to remove duplicates from an array of strings.

• Create a Set from the array to automatically remove duplicates

• Convert the Set back to an array to get the unique values

List, Set, and Map are different types of collections in Java used to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• List is an ordered collection that allows duplicate elements. Example: ArrayList, LinkedList

• Set is a collection that does not allow duplicate elements. Example: HashSet, TreeSet

• Map is a collection of key-value pairs where each key is unique. Example: HashMap, TreeMap

I would analyze the user stories and application functionality to identify the root cause of the mismatch and work towards resolving it.

• Review the user stories and application functionality to understand the discrepancies

• Communicate with stakeholders to clarify requirements and expectations

• Update test cases and automation scripts to align with the corrected user stories

• Collaborate with developers to address any underly...read more

I have over 5 years of experience in automation testing, with a focus on creating and executing test scripts for web applications.

• Developing automation test scripts using tools like Selenium and TestNG

• Creating test plans and test cases based on requirements

• Executing test cases and reporting defects

• Collaborating with developers and QA team to ensure quality of the product

• Participating in Agile ceremonies such as sprint ...read more

Demonstrating feature file step definitions with different sets of data in a previous project scenario

• Create a feature file with a scenario outline that includes placeholders for different sets of data

• Write step definitions that use the placeholders to run the scenario with different data sets

• Use data tables or examples in the feature file to provide the different sets of data

• Run the scenario with different data sets t...read more

To count URLs in an HTML page using Selenium and open the URL containing your name, you can use a combination of Selenium WebDriver methods and regular expressions.

• Use Selenium WebDriver to navigate to the HTML page and retrieve its source code

• Use regular expressions to identify and count the URLs in the source code

• Iterate through the list of URLs to find the one containing your name

• Use Selenium WebDriver to open the U...read more

Use regular expressions to separate letters and digits from a string in Java.

• Use the String class's split() method with a regular expression to separate letters and digits.

• Create a regular expression pattern that matches either letters or digits.

• Store the separated letters and digits in separate arrays.

Citrix is a software company specializing in virtualization, networking, and cloud computing solutions.

• Founded in 1989, Citrix provides technologies for remote access and virtualization.

• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops allow users to access applications and desktops remotely.

• Citrix ADC (Application Delivery Controller) optimizes application performance and security.

• Citrix Workspace integrates various tools for a seamle...read more

MCS are frameworks for managing organizational performance, while PVS assess and value that performance.

• MCS helps in aligning organizational goals with operational activities.

• Examples of MCS include budgeting systems, performance measurement systems, and strategic planning.

• PVS focuses on quantifying performance outcomes, often using metrics like ROI or KPIs.

• An example of PVS is a balanced scorecard that evaluates finan...read more

Netscaler is a networking device that optimizes application delivery and enhances security for web applications.

• Acts as a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple servers.

• Provides application acceleration through caching and compression.

• Enhances security with features like web application firewall (WAF).

• Supports SSL offloading to reduce server load.

• Integrates with cloud services for hybrid deployments.

A Citrix upgrade involves planning, testing, and executing updates to enhance performance and security of Citrix environments.

• Assess current environment: Evaluate existing Citrix components and their versions.

• Backup configurations: Ensure all settings and data are backed up before proceeding.

• Review release notes: Understand new features and changes in the upgrade version.

• Test in a lab: Conduct a trial upgrade in a cont...read more

A storefront upgrade involves enhancing an online retail platform's features, design, and performance for better user experience.

• Improves user interface and design for easier navigation.

• Enhances mobile responsiveness to cater to mobile shoppers.

• Integrates new payment options like digital wallets (e.g., Apple Pay).

• Updates inventory management systems for real-time tracking.

• Incorporates advanced analytics tools for bette...read more

Common issues in Citrix include connectivity problems, performance issues, and configuration errors affecting user experience.

• Connectivity issues: Users may experience difficulties connecting to Citrix sessions due to network problems or firewall settings.

• Performance degradation: Slow application response times can occur due to high server load or insufficient bandwidth.

• Session timeouts: Users may be unexpectedly logge...read more

Encountered critical P1 and P2 issues in Citrix related to performance and connectivity affecting user experience.

• P1 Issue: High latency during peak hours, causing significant delays in application response times.

• P2 Issue: Intermittent disconnections from the Citrix environment, impacting user productivity.

• Example of P1: Users reported a 10-second delay when launching applications, which was traced back to network cong...read more

Citrix 1912 architecture enables secure remote access and virtualization for applications and desktops.

• Microservices architecture allows for modular deployment and scalability.

• Utilizes Citrix Hypervisor for efficient resource management and virtualization.

• Supports multi-cloud environments, enabling deployment on various cloud platforms.

• Incorporates Citrix Workspace for unified access to applications and data.

• Enhanced s...read more

Citrix uses various ports for its services, enabling secure communication and data transfer across networks.

• Port 1494: Used for Citrix ICA (Independent Computing Architecture) traffic.

• Port 2598: Utilized for Session Reliability, ensuring stable connections.

• Port 443: Commonly used for secure HTTPS connections to Citrix services.

• Port 80: Used for HTTP traffic, often for web-based applications.

• Port 3389: Used for Remote D...read more

EdgeSight is a performance monitoring tool for Citrix environments, providing insights into application and user experience.

• Monitors application performance and user experience in real-time.

• Provides detailed analytics on resource usage, helping to identify bottlenecks.

• Integrates with Citrix environments to track metrics like latency and session performance.

• Offers customizable dashboards for visualizing performance data...read more

Citrix Director is a web-based management console for monitoring and troubleshooting Citrix environments.

• Provides real-time monitoring of user sessions and resource usage.

• Enables administrators to troubleshoot issues with virtual desktops and applications.

• Offers detailed analytics and reporting on performance metrics.

• Allows for user session management, including logoff and shadowing capabilities.

• Integrates with Citrix ...read more

Common issues with Citrix include connectivity problems, performance issues, and compatibility challenges.

• Connectivity issues: Users may experience dropped sessions or inability to connect due to network instability.

• Performance degradation: Slow application response times can occur, often due to bandwidth limitations or server overload.

• Compatibility problems: Certain applications may not function properly in a virtuali...read more

Citrix provisioning process involves creating and managing virtual desktops and applications efficiently.

• 1. Image Creation: A master image is created with the desired OS and applications.

• 2. Provisioning Services (PVS): The master image is streamed to target devices over the network.

• 3. Virtual Desktop Management: Administrators can manage and update the master image centrally.

• 4. Load Balancing: PVS allows for load balan...read more

Upgrading Citrix MCS involves planning, preparing, and executing the upgrade while ensuring minimal disruption to services.

• 1. Review the release notes for the new version to understand new features and changes.

• 2. Backup existing configurations and data to prevent loss during the upgrade.

• 3. Test the upgrade process in a staging environment to identify potential issues.

• 4. Schedule the upgrade during off-peak hours to min...read more

Patching Citrix servers involves planning, testing, and applying updates to ensure security and performance.

• 1. Assess the current environment: Identify the Citrix components in use (e.g., Citrix Virtual Apps, Citrix ADC).

• 2. Review release notes: Check for any known issues or prerequisites for the patch version.

• 3. Backup: Create backups of the server and configurations to prevent data loss.

• 4. Test in a lab environment: ...read more

Citrix PVS store contains essential files for managing virtual disk images and configurations.

• vDisk files (.vhd or .vhdx) - These are the virtual hard disk files used by the target devices.

• Configuration files - These include settings for vDisk and target device configurations.

• Boot files - Necessary files for booting the virtual machines, such as boot loader files.

• Snapshot files - Used for maintaining different versions...read more

Versioning Citrix vDisk in PVS involves creating, managing, and deploying different versions of virtual disks for efficient updates.

• Create a new version of the vDisk by selecting the existing vDisk and using the 'Version' option in the PVS console.

• Use the 'Edit' option to modify settings or configurations in the new version without affecting the original.

• Deploy the new version to target devices while keeping the previo...read more

Citrix policies manage user access, resource allocation, and security settings in virtual environments.

• Access Control: Policies define who can access specific applications and data.

• Resource Allocation: Policies can prioritize resources for critical applications, ensuring performance.

• Security Settings: Policies enforce security measures like multi-factor authentication and encryption.

• User Experience: Policies can custom...read more

Citrix environments utilize various databases for configuration, monitoring, and management of virtual applications and desktops.

• Microsoft SQL Server: Commonly used for Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops to store configuration data.

• Oracle Database: Sometimes utilized for larger enterprise environments requiring robust database solutions.

• PostgreSQL: An open-source option that can be used for certain Citrix components.

• SQLi...read more

Citrix offers various licensing models to cater to different business needs, including user-based and device-based licenses.

• User License: Allows a specific number of users to access Citrix services, e.g., Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops.

• Device License: Permits a specific number of devices to access Citrix services, suitable for shared devices.

• Concurrent License: Enables multiple users to share a pool of licenses, idea...read more

Change management is a structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state.

• Identify the change: Recognize what needs to change, e.g., implementing a new software system.

• Assess the impact: Evaluate how the change will affect processes and people, e.g., training needs for staff.

• Develop a change management plan: Create a roadmap for implementation, including timelines and r...read more

Troubleshooting application login issues involves systematic checks of user credentials, network, and application settings.

• Verify user credentials: Ensure the username and password are correct. Example: Check for case sensitivity.

• Check network connectivity: Ensure the device is connected to the internet. Example: Test by accessing other websites.

• Inspect application status: Confirm the application is running and not exp...read more

Managing hotfixes in Citrix involves identifying issues, applying fixes, testing, and documenting changes for stability and compliance.

• Identify the need for a hotfix based on user-reported issues or system monitoring.

• Download the appropriate hotfix from the Citrix support site, ensuring compatibility with your environment.

• Test the hotfix in a staging environment to assess its impact and ensure it resolves the issue wit...read more

Server deployment involves setting up servers for use, while decommissioning involves safely retiring them from service.

• 1. Server Deployment: Involves planning, provisioning, and configuring servers for operational use.

• 2. Pre-deployment Assessment: Evaluate requirements, capacity planning, and resource allocation.

• 3. Installation: Physically set up hardware and install necessary software, such as operating systems and a...read more

HSD processes encompass creation, deployment, management, and deletion for efficient data handling.

• Creation: Involves data acquisition and processing, e.g., collecting data from IoT devices.

• Deployment: Involves setting up data infrastructure, e.g., cloud storage solutions like AWS or Azure.

• Management: Involves monitoring and optimizing data usage, e.g., using analytics tools to track performance.

• Deletion: Involves secu...read more

A health check process assesses system performance, stability, and security to ensure optimal operation.

• Monitors system metrics like CPU usage, memory, and disk space.

• Checks for software updates and patches to maintain security.

• Validates network connectivity and response times.

• Conducts regular backups to prevent data loss.

• Example: A web server health check might ping the server and check response times.

Various data sources such as databases, APIs, files, and streaming services are used for data ingestion and processing.

• Databases (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL)

• APIs (e.g. RESTful APIs)

• Files (e.g. CSV, JSON)

• Streaming services (e.g. Kafka, Pub/Sub)

Partitioning is dividing data into smaller chunks for efficient storage and retrieval, while clustering is organizing data within those partitions based on a specific column.

• Partitioning is done at the storage level to distribute data across multiple nodes for better performance.

• Clustering is done at the query level to physically group data based on a specific column, improving query performance.

• Example: Partitioning b...read more

Using bq commands to create a table and load a CSV file in Google BigQuery

• Use 'bq mk' command to create a new table in BigQuery

• Use 'bq load' command to load a CSV file into the created table

• Specify schema and source format when creating the table

• Specify source format and destination table when loading the CSV file

• Example: bq mk --table dataset.table_name schema.json

• Example: bq load --source_format=CSV dataset.table_nam...read more

Use 'bq show' command to display the schema of a table in BigQuery.

• Use 'bq show' command followed by the dataset and table name to display the schema.

• The schema includes the column names, data types, and mode (nullable or required).

• Example: bq show project_id:dataset.table_name

Leaf nodes are the bottom nodes in a tree structure, while columnar storage stores data in columns rather than rows.

• Leaf nodes are the end nodes in a tree structure, containing actual data or pointers to data.

• Columnar storage stores data in columns rather than rows, allowing for faster query performance on specific columns.

• Columnar storage is commonly used in data warehouses and analytics databases.

• Leaf nodes are impor...read more

BigQuery does not have fixed slots, it dynamically allocates resources based on the query requirements.

• BigQuery does not have a fixed number of slots like traditional databases.

• It dynamically allocates resources based on the query requirements.

• The number of slots available for a query can vary depending on the complexity and size of the query.

• BigQuery's serverless architecture allows it to scale automatically to handle...read more