Cognizant Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Java new features in 8
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.
• Lambda expressions allow you to treat functionality as a method argument.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and perform operations on them.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method ...read more
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Q2. Difficulties faced in the current/previous project & how we resolved it
Ans. 
We faced challenges with communication and conflicting priorities, resolved through regular team meetings and clear task delegation.
• Lack of clear communication among team members

• Conflicting priorities leading to delays in project timeline

• Resolved by scheduling regular team meetings to discuss progress and issues

• Clear task delegation to ensure everyone knows their responsibilities
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Q3. What is OOPS
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OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
• OOPS focuses on creating objects that contain data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOPS.

• Examples of OOPS languages include Java, C++, and Python.
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Q4. What is Functional programming
Ans. 
Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.
• Focuses on pure functions that do not have side effects

• Emphasizes immutability and avoids changing state

• Uses higher-order functions and function composition

• Commonly used languages include Haskell, Scala, and Clojure
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Q5. Difference between OOPS and functional programming
Ans. 
OOPS focuses on objects and classes, while functional programming focuses on functions and immutability.
• OOPS is based on the concept of objects and classes, allowing for encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Functional programming emphasizes on functions as first-class citizens, immutability, and avoiding side effects.

• OOPS is more suitable for complex, real-world applications with changing state, while functiona...read more
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Q6. Which framework I worked in Java
Ans. 
I have worked with the Spring framework in Java.
• Utilized Spring MVC for web development

• Implemented dependency injection with Spring IoC container

• Integrated Spring Security for authentication and authorization
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Q7. What all are the annotations that we use in Spring Boot & it's usage
Ans. 
Some common annotations used in Spring Boot are @RestController, @Autowired, @RequestMapping, @Service, @Component, @Repository.
• @RestController - Used to define a controller class in Spring MVC.

• @Autowired - Used for automatic dependency injection.

• @RequestMapping - Used to map web requests to specific handler methods.

• @Service - Indicates that a class is a service.

• @Component - Indicates that a class is a Spring component...read more
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Q1. Tell me about yourself, work experience & education
Ans. 
I am a dedicated professional with a strong educational background and diverse work experience.
• I have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from XYZ University.

• I have worked in various roles in marketing, sales, and customer service.

• I am proficient in Microsoft Office Suite and have excellent communication skills.

• I am a quick learner and thrive in fast-paced environments.

• I am passionate about continuous learni
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Q1. Difference between absolute and relative Xpath
Ans. 
Absolute Xpath starts from the root element, while relative Xpath starts from any node in the DOM structure.
• Absolute Xpath starts with a single forward slash (/) and starts selection from the root node.

• Relative Xpath starts with a double forward slash (//) and starts selection from the current node or any node in the DOM structure.

• Absolute Xpath is more brittle and prone to breaking if the structure of the page changes...read more
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Q2. What would be return if multiple tabs are open
Ans. 
The return would be the number of tabs open in the browser.
• The return value would be an integer representing the count of open tabs.

• For example, if there are 5 tabs open, the return value would be 5.
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Q3. What are the waits in selenium
Ans. 
Types of waits in Selenium include Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.
• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a defined polling frequency.

• Example: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
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Q4. Exceptions in selenium
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Exceptions in Selenium are errors that occur during test execution, disrupting the flow of the test script.
• Exceptions are thrown when there is an unexpected behavior in the application under test or in the test script itself.

• Common exceptions in Selenium include NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException, TimeoutException, and StaleElementReferenceException.

• Handling exceptions in Selenium can be done using try-...read more
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Q5. What is feature and step definitions in cucumber BDD
Ans. 
Feature files contain high-level description of the functionality to be tested, while step definitions are the implementation of the steps in the feature file using code.
• Feature files are written in Gherkin syntax and describe the behavior of the application in plain text.

• Step definitions are written in programming languages like Java, Ruby, etc., and map the steps in the feature file to automation code.

• Feature files a...read more
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Q6. How to input data in cucumber
Ans. 
Data can be input in Cucumber using feature files and step definitions.
• Data can be input in feature files using scenarios and scenario outlines

• Step definitions can be used to define the actions to be taken with the input data

• Data tables can be used in feature files to input structured data

• Examples keyword can be used in scenario outlines to provide multiple sets of input data
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Q7. Basic Java questions like access modifiers, method overloading and overriding
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Q8. What is Test case, Test plan and Test Secenarios
Ans. 
Test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a system under test satisfies requirements. Test plan is a document outlining the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. Test scenarios are detailed descriptions of possible interactions with the system.
• Test case: specific conditions to be tested, expected results, steps to execute

• Test plan: overall strate...read more
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Q9. Hooks in Java
Ans. 
Hooks in Java are methods that allow subclasses to override or extend the behavior of a superclass.
• Hooks are commonly used in frameworks like JUnit and TestNG for test automation.

• They are often used for setup and teardown operations before and after test methods.

• Examples include @Before, @After, @BeforeClass, and @AfterClass annotations in JUnit.
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Aptitude is one of best round, to improve our skills knowledge technology.

GD is one of best round, because I love this round, sharing my knowledge ideas thinking views, to others for company growth organization growth, this round shows how much skills r there in person can be easily identified .

Q1. Urs work experience ?
Ans. 
I have 5 years of experience working as a Software Engineer in various tech companies.
• Worked on developing web applications using technologies like JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and React

• Experience with backend development using Node.js and MongoDB

• Familiar with Agile methodologies and version control systems like Git

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to deliver high-quality software solutions

• Participated in code reviews
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Q2. Urs new skills ?
Ans. 
I have recently acquired skills in machine learning and data analysis.
• Completed online courses in machine learning algorithms

• Practiced data analysis techniques using Python and R

• Attended workshops on deep learning models
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Q1. Do u act as team lead?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience acting as a team lead in previous projects.
• Yes, I have acted as a team lead in previous projects where I was responsible for coordinating tasks and ensuring project deadlines were met.

• I have experience delegating tasks to team members based on their strengths and expertise.

• I have also facilitated team meetings to discuss progress, address any issues, and brainstorm solutions.

• In one project, I led...read more
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Q2. Urs projects
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Q1. On technical how could u work from projects to projects
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Q2. How many days u will work on single project
Ans. 
The duration of working on a single project varies depending on the project complexity and requirements.
• The duration of working on a single project can range from a few days to several months or even years.

• Factors such as project scope, team size, resources, and deadlines influence the duration of the project.

• For example, a small project with a clear scope may take a few days to complete, while a large-scale project ma
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Easy-medium questions were asked in this

The coding questions are mostly easy-moderate level difficulty and they ask questions based on specific clusters selected ( java, python, c# )

Q1. Mostly he covered all the concepts of DBMS (along with syntaxes)
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Q2. Asked to solve pseudo codes
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Q3. Oops in real life with detail explanation along with implementation in java
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Q1. Given an array {1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 4, 8, 7}, how can you use Streams to remove duplicates while retaining only the even numbers?
Ans. 
Use Streams to remove duplicates and retain only even numbers from an array.
• Convert the array to a stream using Arrays.stream()

• Use distinct() to remove duplicates

• Filter out odd numbers using filter()

• Collect the result using collect(Collectors.toList())
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Q2. What is the use of Static and final when you will use Static methods
Ans. 
Static methods can be accessed without creating an instance of the class, while final keyword makes the method unchangeable.
• Static methods belong to the class itself, not to any specific instance

• Final keyword ensures that the method cannot be overridden in subclasses

• Static methods are commonly used for utility methods that do not require access to instance variables

• Example: Math class in Java has static methods like Ma
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Q3. What is the difference between @restController and @controller Annotation
Ans. 
The @RestController annotation is used to define RESTful web services while @Controller annotation is used to define MVC controller.
• RestController is a specialized version of Controller used for RESTful web services

• RestController eliminates the need for @ResponseBody annotation

• Controller is used for traditional MVC controller functionality

• RestController returns data directly without needing to go through a view resolve...read more
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Q4. What is microservices why we use it
Ans. 
Microservices are a software development technique where applications are composed of small, independent services that communicate with each other.
• Microservices allow for easier scalability and maintenance of complex applications.

• Each service in a microservices architecture can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.

• Microservices promote flexibility and agility in software development.

• Examples of companies us...read more
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