100+ Cognizant Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and perform operations like filter, map, and reduce.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implem...read more

Enums are used to define a set of named constants, making code more readable and maintainable.

• Enums help in improving code readability by giving meaningful names to constants

• They provide type safety by restricting variables to only hold values from the defined set

• Enums can be used in switch statements to handle different cases easily

A sequence is a ordered list of elements or events following a specific pattern or order.

• A sequence can be in ascending or descending order.

• Examples include Fibonacci sequence, arithmetic progression, and DNA sequence.

• Sequences can be finite or infinite.

A class is a blueprint for creating objects that have similar attributes and methods.

• A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data and functions.

• It is a template for creating objects.

• It provides a way to organize and structure code.

• Objects are instances of a class.

• Classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes.

• Examples include String, Integer, and List in Java.

MVC is used to separate concerns in software development, making code more organized and maintainable.

• Separates concerns of data, presentation, and logic

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Enhances testability of the application

• Promotes scalability and flexibility

• Examples: ASP.NET MVC, Ruby on Rails, Spring MVC

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used for developing applications and software.

• Java is platform-independent and can run on any operating system

• It is used for developing desktop, web, and mobile applications

• Java code is compiled into bytecode which can be run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• Java has a vast library of pre-built classes and APIs for developers to use

• Java is used by companies such as Google, Amazon, and Netflix for their applications

Reverse an array of strings

• Iterate through the array from both ends and swap the elements

• Continue swapping until the middle of the array is reached

To declare a file in software development, you typically need to specify the file type, name, and location.

• Use a file declaration statement in the programming language you are using (e.g. 'File myFile = new File("example.txt");' in Java)

• Specify the file type if necessary (e.g. '.txt' for text files, '.csv' for CSV files)

• Provide the file name and location within the declaration statement (e.g. 'example.txt' or 'C:/Users/User/Documents/example.txt')

Objects are used in software engineering to represent real-world entities and encapsulate data and behavior.

• Objects help organize code by grouping related data and functions together

• Objects promote code reusability through inheritance and polymorphism

• Objects allow for easier maintenance and updates by encapsulating data and behavior

• Examples: a Car object with properties like make, model, and methods like start(), stop()

• Examples: a User object with properties like username, em...read more

Abstraction focuses on hiding unnecessary details, while encapsulation focuses on bundling data and methods together.

• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does, rather than how it does it.

• Encapsulation helps in data hiding and prevents direct access to the internal state of an object.

• Abstraction is achieved through interfaces and abstract classes, while encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like private and protected.

• Example of abstraction: a car's int...read more

DBMS joins are used to combine data from multiple tables based on a related column.

• Types of DBMS joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching records from both tables.

• Left join returns all records from the left table and the matching records from the right table.

• Right join returns all records from the right table and the matching records from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all records from both tables, inclu...read more

Birth place refers to the location where a person is born.

• Birth place is typically recorded on a person's birth certificate.

• It can be a city, town, hospital, or even a specific address.

• Some people may be born in unconventional places like a car or airplane.

OOPs concepts are fundamental principles of object-oriented programming that help in organizing and designing code.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to the outside...read more

Collections provide efficient data storage and manipulation in programming.

• Allow for easy organization and retrieval of data

• Provide various data structures like lists, sets, maps, etc.

• Enable operations like sorting, searching, filtering, and iteration

• Improve code readability and maintainability

• Examples: ArrayList, HashMap, TreeSet

Immutability refers to the state of an object or data structure that cannot be modified after it is created.

• Immutability ensures that once an object is created, its state cannot be changed.

• Immutable objects are thread-safe and can be shared without the risk of unintended modifications.

• Examples of immutable data structures include strings and tuples in Python.

• Functional programming languages like Haskell promote immutability to avoid side effects.

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together to protect data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms or have multiple behaviors.

Using Terraform to automate infrastructure provisioning

• Terraform is an infrastructure as code tool used to define and provision infrastructure

• It uses declarative configuration files to define the desired state of the infrastructure

• Terraform supports various cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud

• Example: Define AWS EC2 instance using Terraform configuration file

API Gateway is a server that acts as an entry point for APIs.

• API Gateway is a reverse proxy that routes requests to the appropriate backend service.

• It can handle authentication, rate limiting, and caching.

• Examples include AWS API Gateway, Kong, and Apigee.

Yes, I am open to relocating for the right opportunity.

• I am willing to consider relocation if the job aligns with my career goals.

• I am open to exploring new cities and cultures.

• I am willing to relocate for a better work-life balance or career advancement opportunities.

Cognizant is a multinational corporation that provides IT services, including consulting, technology, and outsourcing.

• Cognizant offers a wide range of services such as digital solutions, consulting, and business process outsourcing.

• The company is known for its expertise in areas like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.

• Cognizant serves clients in various industries such as healthcare, financial services, and retail.

• The company has a global presence wit...read more