Capgemini Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had 1 simple question related to Basic Programming and Maths and then I was asked some concepts revolving around Java , Spring Boot and OOPS.

Q1. 
Pascal's Triangle Construction
You are provided with an integer 'N'. Your task is to generate a 2-D list representing Pascal’s triangle up to the 'N'th row.
Pascal's triangle is a triangular array where ...read more
Ans. 
Generate Pascal's triangle up to the Nth row using a 2-D list.
• Iterate through each row up to N, starting with [1] as the first row.

• Calculate each element in a row by summing the two elements directly above from the previous row.

• Append each row to the 2-D list until reaching the Nth row.

• Example: For N = 4, the output would be [ [1], [1, 1], [1, 2, 1], [1, 3, 3, 1] ]
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Q2. What is meant by an interface in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
An interface in OOP defines a contract for classes to implement, specifying methods that must be included.
• An interface contains method signatures but no implementation details.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces in Java.

• Interfaces allow for polymorphism and loose coupling in software design.
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Q3. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in OOP?
Ans. 
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
• Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any of these.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract classes are used to provide a common base for related classes, while interfaces define a contract for classes to imp...read more
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Q4. What is the starter dependency of the Spring Boot module?
Ans. 
The starter dependency of the Spring Boot module is spring-boot-starter-parent.
• The starter dependency of Spring Boot provides a set of default configurations and dependencies to kickstart a Spring Boot project.

• It includes commonly used dependencies like spring-boot-starter-web, spring-boot-starter-data-jpa, etc.

• The spring-boot-starter-parent also manages the versions of all dependencies to ensure compatibility.
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Q5. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is used to mark the main class of a Spring Boot application.
• It is a combination of @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, and @ComponentScan annotations.

• It tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings, other beans, and various property settings.

• It also implicitly provides a base package for component scanning.

• Example: @SpringBootApplication

• Example: @Spring...read more
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Q6. Can we override or replace the embedded Tomcat server in Spring Boot?
Ans. 
Yes, we can override or replace the embedded Tomcat server in Spring Boot.
• Spring Boot allows for customization of embedded servers through configuration properties.

• You can replace Tomcat with other embedded servers like Jetty or Undertow.

• Example: To use Jetty instead of Tomcat, exclude Tomcat dependencies and include Jetty dependencies in your pom.xml file.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round focused more on concepts from DBMS , OOPS and Selenium. The interviewer was more aligned towards the fundamentals and asked the core concepts rather than some advanced questions.

Q1. What is the difference between a Clustered Index and a Non-Clustered Index?
Ans. 
Clustered Index physically reorders the data in the table, while Non-Clustered Index creates a separate structure.
• Clustered Index determines the physical order of data rows in a table.

• Non-Clustered Index creates a separate structure that points back to the original table.

• Clustered Index is faster for retrieval of data, while Non-Clustered Index is faster for retrieval of specific rows.

• Example: Primary key in a table is...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands in a DBMS?
Ans. 
DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows and resets auto-increment values.
• DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.

• DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.

• DELETE triggers ON DELETE triggers, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any triggers.

• DELETE is slower as it logs individual row deletions, while TRUNCATE is faster as it logs the deallocation of da...read more
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Q3. Explain the difference between findElement() and findElements() in Selenium.
Ans. 
findElement() returns the first matching element on the web page, while findElements() returns a list of all matching elements.
• findElement() returns a single WebElement matching the locator provided, throwing NoSuchElementException if no element is found.

• findElements() returns a list of WebElements matching the locator provided, an empty list if no elements are found.

• Example: WebElement element = driver.findElement(By....read more
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Q4. What is the garbage collector in Java?
Ans. 
Garbage collector in Java is a built-in mechanism that automatically manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.
• Garbage collector runs in the background to identify and delete objects that are no longer needed.

• It helps in preventing memory leaks and optimizing memory usage.

• Examples of garbage collectors in Java include Serial, Parallel, CMS, and G1.
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions .

Q1. What is something about you that is not included in your resume?
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Q2. Why should we hire you?
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