60+ Interview Questions and Answers

If pressure valve fails in boiler, shut down the boiler immediately and isolate it from the system.

• Shut down the boiler immediately to prevent any further damage.

• Isolate the boiler from the system to prevent any pressure build-up.

• Inspect the pressure valve to determine the cause of failure.

• Replace the pressure valve with a new one.

• Test the new pressure valve to ensure it is functioning properly before restarting the boiler.

An aeroplane consists of several basic parts that work together to enable flight.

• The wings generate lift and provide stability

• The fuselage houses the cockpit, passengers, and cargo

• The engines provide thrust to move the plane forward

• The tail section includes the horizontal stabilizer and vertical fin for directional control

• The landing gear allows the plane to take off and land

• The avionics system includes instruments and electronics for navigation and communication

Cooling a pipe in a chamber without coolant

• Use natural convection by placing the pipe vertically and allowing air to circulate around it

• Use a heat sink to absorb the heat from the pipe

• Use a thermoelectric cooler to create a temperature gradient and cool the pipe

• Use a phase change material to absorb the heat from the pipe

• Use a heat exchanger to transfer the heat from the pipe to a cooler fluid or gas

• Use a radiation shield to reflect the heat away from the pipe

I know software's like AutoCAD, SolidWorks, ANSYS, MATLAB, and their working algorithms.

• AutoCAD - used for 2D and 3D design and drafting

• SolidWorks - used for 3D modeling and simulation

• ANSYS - used for finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics

• MATLAB - used for numerical computing and data analysis

20 alternative uses of a stapler

• As a makeshift hole puncher

• To hold together a broken necklace chain

• To create a makeshift zipper pull

• To create a makeshift lock for a door

• To create a makeshift weight for a fishing line

• To create a makeshift needle for sewing

• To create a makeshift screwdriver

• To create a makeshift zipper repair tool

• To create a makeshift paper clip

• To create a makeshift zipper stopper

• To create a makeshift zipper slider

• To create a makeshift zipper puller

• To create a ma...read more

Thermodynamics is crucial in Mechanical Engineering. Heat rate is the measure of efficiency of a power plant.

• Thermodynamics helps in understanding the behavior of energy and heat transfer in mechanical systems

• It is used in designing engines, turbines, refrigeration systems, and other mechanical devices

• Heat rate is the amount of heat energy required to produce one unit of electricity in a power plant

• A lower heat rate indicates higher efficiency of the power plant

• Thermodynamics...read more

The time required to run 10 km depends on various factors such as fitness level, terrain, and pace.

• The time to run 10 km can vary greatly depending on individual fitness level.

• Terrain plays a significant role in determining the time required.

• Pace or speed at which the distance is covered also affects the time taken.

• Factors like weather conditions and elevation changes should be considered.

• Training and experience can improve running time.

A water rocket works by pressurizing water and air inside a bottle, creating thrust that propels the rocket upwards.

• Water and air are added to a plastic bottle, with the air pressurized using a pump or compressed air source.

• When the bottle is released, the pressurized air forces the water out of the nozzle, creating a reaction force that propels the rocket upwards.

• The height the rocket reaches depends on factors such as the amount of water and air used, the size of the bottle...read more

Hashing is a technique to map data to a fixed-size table. Time complexity of searching a hash table is O(n) in worst case.

• Hashing is used to store and retrieve data quickly

• It uses a hash function to map data to a fixed-size table

• In the best case, searching a hash table takes O(1) time

• In the worst case, all the data maps to the same index and searching takes O(n) time

• Collision resolution techniques like chaining and open addressing are used to handle collisions

An array of key-value pairs is the best data structure for a dictionary.

• Use a hash table or a balanced tree to implement the dictionary.

• Keys should be unique and immutable.

• Values can be any data type.

• Access time should be O(1) or O(log n) depending on the implementation.

• Examples: Python's dict, Java's HashMap, C++'s unordered_map.

Micromaterials refer to materials with microscale dimensions, typically less than 100 micrometers.

• Micromaterials have unique properties due to their small size, such as increased surface area to volume ratio and altered mechanical, electrical, and optical properties.

• Examples of micromaterials include microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic devices, and microscale sensors.

• Research in micromaterials has applications in fields such as biotechnology, electronics, and ...read more

The nominal voltage required in subscriber loop connected to local exchange is typically 48 volts DC.

• Nominal voltage in subscriber loop is 48 volts DC

• This voltage is used to power the telephone line and provide dial tone

• Voltage may vary depending on the distance between the exchange and the subscriber's location

Aluminium stress strain curve shows its elastic and plastic deformation behavior under stress.

• Aluminium has a linear elastic region up to a certain point, beyond which it undergoes plastic deformation.

• The yield strength of aluminium is around 40-90 MPa.

• Ultimate tensile strength of aluminium is around 90-200 MPa.

• Aluminium has a low modulus of elasticity compared to steel.

• The stress strain curve of aluminium can be affected by factors such as temperature and strain rate.

Diesel engines are more efficient than petrol engines.

• Diesel engines have higher compression ratios, which leads to better fuel efficiency.

• Diesel engines have a higher energy density than petrol engines.

• Diesel engines are better suited for heavy-duty applications, such as trucks and buses.

• Petrol engines are better suited for lighter vehicles, such as cars and motorcycles.

Designed a chair for a class that is comfortable, durable, and ergonomic.

• Consider the height of the desk and the average height of the students

• Use materials that are sturdy and easy to clean

• Incorporate lumbar support and adjustable features for comfort

• Add armrests for additional support

• Ensure the chair has a non-slip base for safety

MR Braking stands for Magnetic Resistance Braking. It is a type of braking system used in trains and other vehicles.

• MR Braking uses magnetic fields to slow down or stop a vehicle.

• It is commonly used in trains as it provides a smooth and efficient braking system.

• The braking force is generated by the resistance between the magnetic field and the conductive material on the train's wheels.

• MR Braking is also used in roller coasters and other amusement park rides.

• It is a safer and ...read more

CPG message is needed in ISUP protocol for call routing and handling of call-related information.

• CPG message is used to indicate the call progress status to the network.

• It helps in call routing and handling of call-related information.

• CPG message is sent by the called party's switch to the calling party's switch.

• Examples of call progress status include ringing, busy, and no answer.

Around 66 to 72 satellites are required to cover the entire earth.

• The number of satellites required depends on the orbit altitude and the size of the satellite's field of view.

• The most commonly used satellite system for global coverage is the GPS, which uses 24 satellites in medium Earth orbit.

• Other satellite systems like GLONASS and Galileo also use similar numbers of satellites for global coverage.

• Satellites in low Earth orbit may require more satellites for complete covera...read more

RPN stands for Risk Priority Number. It is a numerical value used in risk assessment to prioritize potential failures.

• RPN is calculated by multiplying three factors: Severity, Occurrence, and Detection.

• Severity represents the potential impact of a failure on the system or process.

• Occurrence represents the likelihood of the failure occurring.

• Detection represents the ability to detect the failure before it causes harm.

• The formula to calculate RPN is: RPN = Severity × Occurrence...read more

I would choose my top 7-10 strengths from a list of 109 attributes provided.

• Review the list of 109 attributes carefully

• Identify the strengths that resonate with you the most

• Consider your past experiences and accomplishments

• Choose 7-10 strengths that you feel best represent you

• Be prepared to explain why you chose those particular strengths

To find intersection of two linked lists, traverse both lists and compare each node.

• Traverse both linked lists and compare each node

• Use two pointers, one for each linked list

• If a node is common, return the node

• If both pointers reach the end, return null

Yes, a concise and impactful answer can leave a lasting impression.

• A well-crafted message can be more memorable than a lengthy one.

• Attention spans are short, so it's important to make a strong impression quickly.

• Examples include elevator pitches, taglines, and soundbites from speeches or interviews.

BSD and SVR4 have different communication mechanisms such as sockets, pipes, and message queues.

• BSD uses sockets for inter-process communication (IPC)

• SVR4 uses System V IPC mechanisms such as message queues, semaphores, and shared memory

• BSD also supports pipes for communication between processes

• SVR4 supports named pipes (FIFOs) for communication between processes

• Both BSD and SVR4 support remote procedure call (RPC) mechanisms

Add mathematical operators to make given expressions true.

• Use addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and parentheses to modify the expressions.

• For example, 5 - 3 + 2 = 4 can be made true by adding parentheses: 5 - (3 + 2) = 0.

• Another example is 6 6 6 6 = 4 can be made true by using square root: √6 ÷ √6 + √6 - √6 = 4.

Basic laws of thermodynamics

• First law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted

• Second law: Entropy of a closed system always increases over time

• Third law: Absolute zero cannot be reached

• Examples: car engine, refrigerator, power plant

I dealt with various software products and business units in my previous company.

• I worked on documentation for enterprise resource planning (ERP) software

• I also created user manuals for customer relationship management (CRM) software

• I collaborated with the marketing team to create product brochures and datasheets

• I worked with the sales team to create proposals and presentations

• I also created internal documentation for various business units such as HR and finance

• Examples: SAP...read more

I would analyze the performance issue and take appropriate actions to resolve it.

• Identify the specific performance issue and gather relevant data

• Analyze the database configuration and settings

• Review the migration process and identify any potential issues

• Optimize queries and indexes

• Consider hardware and infrastructure upgrades if necessary

• Implement performance monitoring and tuning

• Collaborate with developers and stakeholders to understand application requirements

• Consider scali...read more

The maximum number of satellite hops allowed in voice communication depends on the type of satellite system used.

• Geostationary satellites have a maximum of 2 hops

• Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can have up to 4-5 hops

• Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites can have up to 3 hops

• The number of hops affects the latency and quality of the communication

Bill of Materials is a comprehensive list of raw materials, components, and assemblies required to manufacture a product.

• It includes information about the quantity, part number, and description of each item.

• It helps in planning and managing the production process.

• It is used in inventory management and cost estimation.

• Example: A bill of materials for a bicycle would include the frame, wheels, pedals, brakes, etc.

• Example: A bill of materials for a computer would include the mot...read more

Preparing OOPS and Data Structures is crucial for cracking interviews, but not being able to do so doesn't mean you can't succeed in the final round.

• Focus on showcasing your problem-solving skills and ability to learn quickly during the final round.

• Highlight any relevant projects or experiences that demonstrate your technical abilities.

• Be honest about your areas of weakness and show a willingness to improve and learn.

• Practice coding problems and algorithms to strengthen your ...read more

Stress is the force per unit area that a material experiences when subjected to an external load.

• Stress is a measure of the internal forces within a material.

• It is calculated as force per unit area.

• Stress can cause deformation or failure of a material.

• There are different types of stress, such as tensile, compressive, and shear stress.

• Examples of stress include the weight of a book on a table, the force applied to a bridge by traffic, and the pressure on a diving board when so...read more

Array is a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations while linked list is a collection of nodes linked by pointers.

• Arrays have fixed size while linked lists can grow or shrink dynamically

• Insertion and deletion is faster in linked lists than arrays

• Accessing elements in arrays is faster than linked lists

• Arrays are better for random access while linked lists are better for sequential access

To resolve LSN mismatch error after restoring a full backup, you can perform a tail-log backup and restore it.

• Perform a tail-log backup of the database.

• Restore the tail-log backup to bring the database to a consistent state.

• Ensure that the LSNs match between the restored full backup and the tail-log backup.

• If the LSNs still do not match, you may need to restore a more recent full backup and apply subsequent transaction log backups.

• Verify the database integrity after the resto...read more

To check processes running in a Linux machine, you can use commands like ps, top, and htop.

• Use 'ps' command to display information about processes

• Use 'top' command to display dynamic real-time view of processes

• Use 'htop' command for an interactive process viewer

A database is a collection of data that is organized in a way that allows for easy retrieval and manipulation. A query for creating a table is a SQL statement that specifies the table name and the columns it will contain.

• To create a table in SQL, use the CREATE TABLE statement followed by the table name and column definitions

• Column definitions include the column name, data type, and any constraints

• Example: CREATE TABLE customers (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), email VA...read more

A linked list is used to store and manipulate a collection of data elements in a linear order.

• Linked lists are commonly used in computer science for implementing data structures like stacks, queues, and hash tables.

• They are also used in operating systems for managing memory allocation.

• For example, a linked list can be used to implement a music playlist where each song is a node and the links between nodes represent the order of the songs.

• Another example is a spell checker tha...read more

Write a member function to find the second largest number in an array.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the largest and second largest numbers.

• Handle edge cases like when the array has less than 2 elements.

• Consider sorting the array and returning the second last element for a simpler solution.

Given a triangle with 2 colors, find the line that separates the two colors.

• Iterate through each row of the triangle

• Check for adjacent colors in each row to find the separating line

• Return the row number where the colors change

Implement a stack using a linked list

• Create a Node class with data and next pointer

• Create a Stack class with top pointer

• Push new nodes to the top of the stack

• Pop nodes from the top of the stack

• Check if the stack is empty before popping

Program to check if a binary tree is a BST

• Traverse the tree in-order and check if the values are in ascending order

• Use a min-max range for each node to check if it satisfies the BST property

• Recursively check if the left and right subtrees are BSTs

5S is a methodology for organizing and maintaining a clean, efficient, and safe work environment. Lean Manufacturing is a systematic approach to eliminating waste and improving efficiency.

• 5S focuses on five principles: Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain.

• Sort involves removing unnecessary items from the workplace.

• Set in Order involves organizing and arranging necessary items in a logical and efficient manner.

• Shine involves cleaning and maintaining the workplac...read more

Poka Yoke is a technique used in manufacturing to prevent errors or mistakes from occurring.

• Poka Yoke is a Japanese term that translates to 'mistake-proofing' or 'error-proofing'.

• It involves designing processes or systems in a way that makes it impossible or difficult for errors to occur.

• Poka Yoke techniques can include using sensors, guides, or visual cues to prevent or detect errors.

• Examples of Poka Yoke include using different-shaped connectors to prevent incorrect connect...read more

MCB selection and types of control systems and devices with examples.

• MCB selection depends on the load current and short circuit current rating.

• Types of control systems include open-loop, closed-loop, and feedback control.

• Examples of control devices include sensors, actuators, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

Carnot engine is a theoretical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle.

• It is a heat engine that converts heat into work.

• It operates on the reversible Carnot cycle.

• It is the most efficient engine possible.

• It consists of four processes: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.

• It was first proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824.

Bending moment is a measure of the bending force applied to a structural element.

• Bending moment is caused by external loads acting on a structural element.

• It is a measure of the internal stresses and forces within the element.

• Bending moment is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance from the force to the point of interest.

• It is an important factor in the design and analysis of structures such as beams and columns.

• Examples of bending moment include the forc...read more

GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. It is a system used to define and communicate engineering tolerances.

• GD&T is a symbolic language used to specify the dimensions, form, orientation, and location of features on a part.

• It ensures that parts are manufactured within acceptable limits and that they fit and function properly.

• GD&T uses symbols, such as concentricity, perpendicularity, and position, to convey specific requirements.

• It provides a clear and standar...read more

BST stands for Binary Search Tree, a data structure used for efficient searching and sorting operations.

• BST is a tree-like data structure where each node has at most two children.

• The left child of a node contains a value less than the parent node, while the right child contains a value greater than the parent node.

• BST allows for efficient searching and sorting operations with a time complexity of O(log n).

• Examples of applications of BST include dictionary, spell checker, and ...read more

Crosstalk is the unwanted transfer of signals between two or more communication channels.

• It can occur in various types of communication systems such as telephone lines, radio transmissions, and computer networks.

• Crosstalk can cause interference and distortion of the original signal, leading to errors and reduced quality of communication.

• It can be minimized by using shielding, twisted pair cables, and proper grounding techniques.

• Examples of crosstalk include hearing other peop...read more

Find K most frequent elements in an array

• Use a hashmap to store the frequency of each element in the array

• Sort the hashmap based on frequency in descending order

• Return the first K elements from the sorted hashmap

Core is the central or most important part of something. Determining the core involves identifying the key components or elements.

• Core is the central or essential part of a system or object

• To determine the core, identify the key components or elements that are crucial for the functionality or purpose of the system

• In software QA, determining the core may involve identifying the critical features or functionalities that must be thoroughly tested

• Examples: For a web application, ...read more

To add a file to Bitbucket, you can use the web interface or command line tools.

• Navigate to the repository where you want to add the file

• Click on the 'Add file' button or use 'git add' command to add the file

• Commit the changes with a message describing the file addition

• Push the changes to the remote repository

I have extensive experience troubleshooting electromechanical systems in various manufacturing environments.

• Identifying root causes of issues in electromechanical systems

• Utilizing diagnostic tools and equipment to pinpoint problems

• Developing and implementing solutions to resolve issues

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to troubleshoot complex systems

• Documenting troubleshooting processes and outcomes for future reference

TCSM stands for Tactical Combat Casualty Care Simulation. It is a training program for military personnel to provide medical care in combat situations.

• TCSM is designed to simulate real-life combat situations to train military personnel in providing medical care to injured soldiers.

• It focuses on the three phases of care: care under fire, tactical field care, and tactical evacuation care.

• TCSM uses high-fidelity mannequins and actors to create realistic scenarios for training.

• It...read more

Defect management systems track, prioritize, and resolve software issues throughout the development lifecycle.

• Defects are reported by testers or users and logged into the system.

• Each defect is assigned a priority level based on its impact on the software.

• Defects are tracked from discovery to resolution, with status updates along the way.

• Defect management systems help teams prioritize and allocate resources efficiently.

• Examples of defect management systems include Jira, Bugzil...read more

Unix commands for saving a file

• Use the 'vi' editor to save a file by typing ':w' and then ':q' to quit

• Use the 'nano' editor to save a file by typing 'Ctrl+O' to write out and 'Ctrl+X' to exit

• Use the 'echo' command to save text to a file by typing 'echo 'text' > filename'

• Use the 'cp' command to make a copy of a file by typing 'cp filename newfilename'

TIG welding is used for precision welding of thin materials while MIG welding is used for thicker materials and faster welding.

• TIG welding is ideal for welding aluminum, stainless steel, and other non-ferrous metals

• MIG welding is commonly used for welding steel, iron, and other ferrous metals

• TIG welding produces high-quality welds with minimal distortion and no spatter

• MIG welding is faster and more efficient for thicker materials and larger welds

• TIG welding requires more skil...read more

A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Implement using an array or linked list

• Push operation adds element to top of stack

• Pop operation removes element from top of stack

• Peek operation returns top element without removing it

The process of software involves designing, coding, testing, and implementing programs to meet specific needs.

• Design phase involves gathering requirements and creating a plan

• Coding phase involves writing the actual code based on the design

• Testing phase involves checking for bugs and errors

• Implementation phase involves deploying the software for use

• Iterative process with feedback loops for improvements

Material characterization techniques involve analyzing the properties of materials to understand their composition and behavior.

• Common techniques include X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

• These techniques help determine material composition, crystal structure, surface morphology, and chemical bonding.

• Other techniques like thermal analysis, mechanical testing, and spectroscopy can also be used for material characteriza...read more

Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows constant time access to values.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to map keys to indices in an array.

• Collisions can occur when multiple keys map to the same index, which can be resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hashmap operations like insertion, deletion, and lookup have an average time complexity of O(1).

Shared memory is a memory space that multiple processes can access and use to communicate with each other.

• Shared memory allows multiple processes to share data without the need for inter-process communication mechanisms like pipes or sockets.

• It is commonly used in parallel computing to improve performance by allowing processes to share data quickly.

• Shared memory can be implemented using techniques like memory mapping or System V shared memory.

• Example: In a multi-threaded appl...read more

A switch is a networking device that connects devices together on a computer network.

• Switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model.

• They use MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination.

• Switches can improve network performance by reducing network congestion.

• Examples of switches include Cisco Catalyst switches and Netgear ProSAFE switches.

I have 5 years of experience in the semiconductor industry working on process optimization and equipment maintenance.

• Worked on process optimization to improve yield and efficiency

• Experience in equipment maintenance and troubleshooting

• Familiar with cleanroom protocols and safety procedures

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to implement new technologies

• Knowledge of semiconductor manufacturing standards and practices

DDLC process stands for Design, Develop, Launch, and Control process used in technical writing.

• DDLC process involves designing the document structure and content.

• Developing the document by writing, editing, and formatting the content.

• Launching the document by publishing or distributing it to the intended audience.

• Controlling the document by updating, revising, and maintaining it as needed.

Implement a simple linked list code

• Define a Node struct with data and next pointer

• Implement functions to insert, delete, and traverse the linked list

• Handle edge cases like empty list or deleting the last node

Applied Materials is a global leader in materials engineering solutions, offering innovative technology and a strong commitment to sustainability.

• Global leader in materials engineering solutions

• Innovative technology

• Strong commitment to sustainability