Yazaki Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Memory hierarchy in OS
Ans. 
Memory hierarchy in OS refers to the organization of different types of memory in a computer system.
• Memory hierarchy typically includes registers, cache memory, main memory (RAM), and secondary storage (hard drive, SSD).

• Registers are the fastest and smallest type of memory, located within the CPU.

• Cache memory is a small, fast memory located between the CPU and main memory, used to store frequently accessed data.

• Main me...read more
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Q2. Explain memory leak.
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Memory leak is a situation where a program fails to release memory it has allocated, leading to a gradual loss of available memory.
• Memory leaks occur when a program allocates memory but does not release it when it is no longer needed.

• This can lead to a gradual decrease in available memory, eventually causing the program or system to crash.

• Common causes of memory leaks include improper management of dynamic memory alloc...read more
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Q1. Insertion sort implement in c++
Ans. 
Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time.
• Start from the second element and compare it with the elements before it to find the correct position.

• Repeat this process for all elements in the array.

• Time complexity is O(n^2) in the worst case scenario.

• Example: void insertionSort(string arr[], int n) { for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { string key = arr[i]; int j = i - 1; w
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Q2. Matrix chain multiplication DSA problem
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Matrix chain multiplication is a dynamic programming problem to find the most efficient way to multiply a given sequence of matrices.
• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.

• Create a 2D array to store the minimum number of multiplications needed to multiply matrices.

• Iterate over different combinations of matrices to find the optimal solution.

• Example: For matrices A, B, C with dimensions 10x30, 30x5, 5x
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Q3. Explain project
Ans. 
Developed a web application for tracking project progress and managing tasks
• Used React.js for front-end development

• Implemented RESTful APIs using Node.js and Express for back-end

• Utilized MongoDB for database storage
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Q1. Hell about your self.
Ans. 
I am a software development engineer with 5 years of experience in building scalable web applications.
• 5 years of experience in software development

• Proficient in building scalable web applications

• Strong knowledge of programming languages such as Java, Python, and JavaScript
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Q2. Why you want to join this company.
Ans. 
I am impressed by the company's innovative projects and collaborative work culture.
• Innovative projects in AI and machine learning excite me

• Positive reviews from current employees about the work environment

• Opportunities for growth and learning in a supportive team
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Q1. What is polymorphism
Ans. 
Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.
• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Example: Inheritance allows a child class to override a method from its parent class, providing different func
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Q2. Why You choose java
Ans. 
I chose Java for its platform independence, strong community support, and extensive libraries.
• Platform independence allows Java code to run on any device with a JVM

• Strong community support ensures access to resources and help when needed

• Extensive libraries provide pre-built solutions for common programming tasks
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Logical, Patterns, Analytical

Q1. Technical + HR round
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Q2. Technical + HR round
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Q1. How would you preprocess the raw data
Ans. 
Preprocessing raw data involves cleaning, transforming, and organizing data to make it suitable for analysis.
• Remove any irrelevant or duplicate data

• Handle missing values by imputation or deletion

• Normalize or standardize numerical data

• Encode categorical variables using techniques like one-hot encoding

• Feature scaling for machine learning algorithms

• Perform text preprocessing like tokenization and stemming
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Q2. How would you specify a solution that has been already existing
Ans. 
Specify the existing solution by documenting its architecture, components, technologies used, and any modifications made.
• Document the architecture of the solution, including high-level components and their interactions

• List the technologies used in the solution, such as programming languages, frameworks, and databases

• Describe any modifications or customizations made to the existing solution

• Include any performance metric...read more
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Q1. What is virtual DOM in React?
Ans. 
Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM in React, used for efficient updates.
• Virtual DOM is a concept where a lightweight copy of the actual DOM is created in memory.

• React uses the virtual DOM to efficiently update the actual DOM when there are changes in the application.

• When changes are made to the virtual DOM, React calculates the most efficient way to update the actual DOM, minimizing performance impact.
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Q2. Explain about Context API in react?
Ans. 
Context API is a feature in React that allows sharing data between components without having to pass props through every level of the component tree.
• Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• It is useful for sharing global data such as themes, user authentication, or language preferences.

• Context API consists of three main parts: Provider...read more
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Aptitude round consists of aptitudes and some pseudocode snippets to solve and it also had one medium level coding question and one hard level coding question.

Q1. Write a pattern pyramid number in Java
Ans. 
Pattern pyramid number in Java
• Use nested loops to print the pyramid pattern

• Increment the number in each row

• Handle spaces for proper alignment
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Q2. Write a C program to find Factorial of a number
Ans. 
A C program to find the factorial of a number using recursion
• Use a recursive function to calculate the factorial

• Handle the base case when the number is 0 or 1

• Multiply the number with the factorial of (number-1) in each recursive call
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Q3. What is Little endian and Big endian in C
Ans. 
Little endian and Big endian are byte ordering formats in which multi-byte data is stored in memory.
• Little endian: Least significant byte is stored at the lowest memory address.

• Big endian: Most significant byte is stored at the lowest memory address.

• Example: In Little endian, the number 0x12345678 is stored as 78 56 34 12 in memory.

• Example: In Big endian, the same number is stored as 12 34 56 78 in memory.
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Q4. Why do you use Docker and Git
Ans. 
I use Docker for containerization to easily manage and deploy applications, and Git for version control to collaborate and track changes.
• Docker allows for consistent development environments across different machines

• Git helps track changes, collaborate with team members, and revert to previous versions if needed

• Both tools improve efficiency and productivity in software development
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Q5. Draw architecture diagram for your Machine Learning Project
Ans. 
The architecture diagram for a Machine Learning project typically includes data preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and deployment stages.
• Data preprocessing stage involves cleaning, transforming, and preparing the data for model training.

• Model training stage includes selecting the appropriate algorithm, training the model on the data, and tuning hyperparameters.

• Evaluation stage involves assessing the model's per...read more
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Q1. Tell me about your family
Ans. 
I come from a close-knit family of four, including my parents and younger sister.
• My parents have always been supportive of my career choices and encouraged me to pursue my passion for software engineering.

• My younger sister is currently studying computer science and we often collaborate on coding projects together.

• Family gatherings are important to us and we enjoy spending quality time together, whether it's celebrating
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Q2. Which is your favorite subject and why
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Q3. What will you do if you get rejected in this round
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Q1. Object oriented Concepts concepts
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Q2. Explain what is Constructors
Ans. 
Constructors are special methods in a class that are used to initialize objects of that class.
• Constructors have the same name as the class they belong to.

• They are called automatically when an object is created.

• Constructors can have parameters to initialize object properties.

• Example: public class Car { public Car(String color) { this.color = color; }}
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Q3. DO you know about the design pattern in C++
Ans. 
Design patterns in C++ are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.
• Design patterns help in creating flexible, maintainable, and scalable code.

• Examples of design patterns in C++ include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Each design pattern has its own purpose and can be applied in different scenarios.

• Understanding design patterns can improve code quality and efficiency.
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