Infosys Azure Solution Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Lets say you have table 1 with values 1,2,3,5,null,null,0 and table 2 has null,2,4,7,3,5 What would be the output after inner join?
Ans. 
The output after inner join of table 1 and table 2 will be 2,3,5.
• Inner join only includes rows that have matching values in both tables.

• Values 2, 3, and 5 are present in both tables, so they will be included in the output.

• Null values are not considered as matching values in inner join.
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Q2. Lets say you have customers table with customerID and customer name, Orders table with OrderId and CustomerID. write a query to find the customer name who placed the maximum orders. if more than one person...read more
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Q3. Spark Architecture, Optimisation techniques
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Q4. Some personal questions.
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Q1. Explain the entire architecture of a recent project you are working on in your organisation.
Ans. 
The project involves building a data pipeline to ingest, process, and analyze large volumes of data from various sources in Azure.
• Utilizing Azure Data Factory for data ingestion and orchestration

• Implementing Azure Databricks for data processing and transformation

• Storing processed data in Azure Data Lake Storage

• Using Azure Synapse Analytics for data warehousing and analytics

• Leveraging Azure DevOps for CI/CD pipeline aut
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Q2. How do you design an effective ADF pipeline and what all metrics and considerations you should keep in mind while designing?
Ans. 
Designing an effective ADF pipeline involves considering various metrics and factors.
• Understand the data sources and destinations

• Identify the dependencies between activities

• Optimize data movement and processing for performance

• Monitor and track pipeline execution for troubleshooting

• Consider security and compliance requirements

• Use parameterization and dynamic content for flexibility

• Implement error handling and retries fo
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Q3. Lets say you have a very huge data volume and in terms of performance how would you slice and dice the data in such a way that you can boost the performance?
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Q4. Lets say you have to reconstruct a table and we have to preserve the historical data ? ( i couldnt answer that but please refer to SCD)
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Q5. We have adf and databricks both, i can achieve transformation , fetching the data and loading the dimension layer using adf also but why do we use databricks if both have the similar functionality for few ...read more
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Q1. Basic HR questions
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Q1. 2 Python Questions based on Strong and List manipulation.
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Q2. 2 Sql Questions
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Q3. 1 Pyspark Question
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Q4. What is service principal, ADF questions...
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Q1. Introduction. Question on last company why left.
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Q2. Salary Negotiation.
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Q1. How do you build a Docker file with a specific tag?
Ans. 
To build a Docker file with a specific tag, you can use the 'docker build' command with the '-t' flag followed by the desired tag.
• Use the 'docker build' command with the '-t' flag to specify the tag.

• Example: docker build -t myimage:latest .

• Replace 'myimage' with the desired image name and 'latest' with the desired tag.
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Q2. Which build tool is commonly used for Java applications?
Ans. 
Apache Maven is commonly used for building Java applications.
• Apache Maven is a popular build automation tool used for Java projects.

• It simplifies the build process by providing a standard way to structure projects and manage dependencies.

• Maven uses a Project Object Model (POM) file to define project settings and dependencies.

• Example: mvn clean install command is used to build and package a Java project using Maven.
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Q1. What is Terraform
Ans. 
Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp.
• Terraform allows users to define and provision infrastructure using a declarative configuration language.

• It supports multiple cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and more.

• Terraform uses 'terraform plan' to create an execution plan and 'terraform apply' to apply the changes.

• It helps in automating the creation, modificatio...read more
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Q2. What is Azure DevOps
Ans. 
Azure DevOps is a set of development tools provided by Microsoft to help teams collaborate and deliver high-quality software.
• Azure DevOps includes services such as Azure Repos, Azure Pipelines, Azure Boards, Azure Artifacts, and Azure Test Plans.

• It allows for version control, continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD), project management, and testing.

• Teams can plan, build, test, and deploy applications using ...read more
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Q3. What is CI/CD pipelines
Ans. 
CI/CD pipelines automate the process of building, testing, and deploying code changes.
• CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

• Automates the process of integrating code changes into a shared repository and deploying them to production

• Helps in detecting and fixing integration errors early in the development process

• Enables faster delivery of software updates and improvements

• Popular tools for CI/CD pip...read more
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Q4. What is Docker and Kubernetes
Ans. 
Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool for managing containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.
• Docker allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into containers for easy deployment.

• Kubernetes automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Docker containers are lig...read more
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Q1. Activities used in ADF
Ans. 
Activities in Azure Data Factory (ADF) are the building blocks of a pipeline and perform various tasks like data movement, data transformation, and data orchestration.
• Activities can be used to copy data from one location to another (Copy Activity)

• Activities can be used to transform data using mapping data flows (Data Flow Activity)

• Activities can be used to run custom code or scripts (Custom Activity)

• Activities can be u...read more
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Q2. Dataframes in pyspark
Ans. 
Dataframes in pyspark are distributed collections of data organized into named columns.
• Dataframes are similar to tables in a relational database, with rows and columns.

• They can be created from various data sources like CSV, JSON, Parquet, etc.

• Dataframes support SQL queries and transformations using PySpark functions.

• Example: df = spark.read.csv('file.csv')
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Q1. Managerial Questions
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Q2. About project roles and resposibilities
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Q1. Nothing interviewers interested about your past experience, work you handled in last project , your roles & responsibilities.
Ans. Just prepare everything you mentioned in your resume
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Q1. Second round is with project head. Only looking for your problem handling skills & how youn present yourself. Mostly focus on your communication.
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Q1. Salty discussion. Be carefully they try to give you only 20% hikes on current package. Negotiate properly.
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Q1. How are you connecting your onPerm from Azure?
Ans. 
I connect onPrem to Azure using Azure ExpressRoute or VPN Gateway.
• Use Azure ExpressRoute for private connection through a dedicated connection.

• Set up a VPN Gateway for secure connection over the internet.

• Ensure proper network configurations and security settings.

• Use Azure Virtual Network Gateway to establish the connection.

• Consider using Azure Site-to-Site VPN for connecting onPremises network to Azure Virtual Network.
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Q2. What is Autoloader in Databricks?
Ans. 
Autoloader in Databricks is a feature that automatically loads new data files as they arrive in a specified directory.
• Autoloader monitors a specified directory for new data files and loads them into a Databricks table.

• It supports various file formats such as CSV, JSON, Parquet, Avro, and ORC.

• Autoloader simplifies the process of ingesting streaming data into Databricks without the need for manual intervention.

• It can be ...read more
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Q3. How do you normalize your Json data
Ans. 
Json data normalization involves structuring data to eliminate redundancy and improve efficiency.
• Identify repeating groups of data

• Create separate tables for each group

• Establish relationships between tables using foreign keys

• Eliminate redundant data by referencing shared values
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Q4. How do you read from Kafka?
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30 Minutes Round- Easy to moderate level

Q1. Day to day activities?
Ans. 
Day to day activities involve managing Azure DevOps pipelines, monitoring builds, resolving issues, collaborating with teams.
• Managing Azure DevOps pipelines for continuous integration and deployment

• Monitoring builds and deployments for any issues or failures

• Resolving any issues that arise during the development process

• Collaborating with development teams to ensure smooth workflow and communication

• Implementing best prac...read more
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Q2. Quetsions on various devops tools
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