30+ Azure DevOps Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Explaining recent Terraform project, accessing storage account blob container from multiple subscriptions, Azure DevOps variable group and pipeline, and brief on Ansible role.

• Recently worked on Terraform project to provision Azure resources

• Defined variables in Terraform configuration for resource names and sizes

• Accessed storage account blob container from multiple subscriptions using shared access signature (SAS) tokens

• Current project infrastructure in Azure includes virtual ...read more

Questions related to Azure DevOps Engineer role

• Terraform workspaces are used to manage multiple environments with the same codebase

• Null resource in Terraform is used to execute arbitrary code that doesn't create any resources

• Git fetch downloads changes from the remote repository but doesn't merge them with the local branch

• Load balancer in Azure distributes incoming traffic across multiple virtual machines

• Application gateway in Azure is a web traffic load balancer that can als...read more

To ensure Kubernetes cluster is up and running, monitoring tools, automated alerts, and regular health checks are essential.

• Set up monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana to track cluster health and performance metrics

• Implement automated alerts to notify of any issues or failures in the cluster

• Perform regular health checks using tools like kubectl commands or Kubernetes dashboard

• Utilize Kubernetes self-healing capabilities to automatically restart failed pods or nodes

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is used to manage containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.

• Components of Kubernetes include Pods, Nodes, Services, and Deployments.

• Services in Kubernetes provide a way to expose an application running on a set of Pods as a network service.

• Kubernetes architecture consists of a master node that controls the clu...read more

Common errors encountered in Kubernetes

• Pod errors (CrashLoopBackOff, ImagePullBackOff)

• Node errors (NodeNotReady, NodeOutOfDisk)

• Service errors (ServiceUnavailable, EndpointsNotFound)

• PersistentVolume errors (VolumeNotFound, VolumeInUse)

• Network errors (NetworkPluginNotReady, DNSResolutionFailed)

Networking in Azure involves virtual networks, subnets, security groups, and routing.

• Azure Virtual Network (VNet) allows you to create isolated networks within Azure.

• Subnets within a VNet can be used to segment resources and control traffic flow.

• Network Security Groups (NSGs) are used to control inbound and outbound traffic to network interfaces.

• Azure Route Tables define how traffic is routed within a VNet or to external networks.

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is used to manage and automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• It provides a platform for running and managing containers across a cluster of machines.

• Kubernetes architecture consists of a master node and multiple worker nodes.

• The master node manages the cluster and schedules workloa...read more

Docker is a containerization platform for packaging applications, while Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool for managing containerized applications.

• Docker is used for creating, deploying, and running applications in containers.

• Kubernetes is used for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Docker focuses on packaging applications and their dependencies into containers, while Kubernetes focuses on orchestrating multiple containe...read more

Common HTML error codes include 404, 500, and 503.

• 404 - Not Found: The requested resource could not be found on the server.

• 500 - Internal Server Error: A generic error message indicating a problem with the server.

• 503 - Service Unavailable: The server is currently unable to handle the request due to temporary overloading or maintenance.

To create Azure Data Factory pipelines, follow these steps

• 1. Sign in to the Azure portal and navigate to the Azure Data Factory service

• 2. Click on the 'Author & Monitor' blade and then select 'Author'

• 3. Click on the '+' button to create a new pipeline

• 4. Drag and drop activities onto the pipeline canvas to define the workflow

• 5. Configure each activity with the necessary settings and dependencies

• 6. Save and publish the pipeline to make it active

Pods may get restarted automatically due to various reasons such as resource constraints, failures, or updates.

• Resource constraints like memory or CPU limits being exceeded can trigger a pod restart.

• Pods may be restarted if they fail health checks defined in the readiness or liveness probes.

• Updating the pod's image or configuration can also lead to automatic restarts.

Config map and secrets are Kubernetes objects used to manage configuration data and sensitive information.

• Config map is used to store non-sensitive configuration data in key-value pairs

• Secrets are used to store sensitive information like passwords, API keys, and tokens

• Both config map and secrets can be mounted as volumes or used as environment variables in Kubernetes pods

Docker file is used to build a Docker image by specifying the instructions to create the image.

• Docker file contains instructions for building a Docker image, such as base image, dependencies, commands, etc.

• Each instruction in the Docker file creates a layer in the image, allowing for efficient image building and sharing.

• Example: FROM, RUN, COPY, CMD are common instructions used in a Docker file.

Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers.

• Docker allows developers to package their applications and dependencies into a container that can run on any system.

• Containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments that ensure consistency in development and deployment.

• Docker uses a client-server architecture with a daemon process managing containers and a CLI for interacting with Docker.

• Docker Hub is a repository for Docker i...read more

CI/CD pipelines automate the process of building, testing, and deploying code changes.

• CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

• Automates the process of integrating code changes into a shared repository and deploying them to production

• Helps in detecting and fixing integration errors early in the development process

• Enables faster delivery of software updates and improvements

• Popular tools for CI/CD pipelines include Jenkins, Azure DevOps, GitLab CI/CD

Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. Kubernetes is a container orchestration tool for managing containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.

• Docker allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into containers for easy deployment.

• Kubernetes automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Docker containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments that run on ...read more

Key Vault is a secure storage service for managing sensitive information such as keys, secrets, and certificates.

• Securely store and manage cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates

• Control access to keys, secrets, and certificates using RBAC

• Integrate with Azure services and custom applications for secure access to sensitive information

Application load balancing is a method used to distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers.

• It helps improve the performance and reliability of applications by evenly distributing the workload.

• Load balancers can be hardware-based or software-based.

• Common load balancing algorithms include round-robin, least connections, and IP hash.

• Examples of load balancers include NGINX, HAProxy, and Azure Load Balancer.

TFS admin manages Team Foundation Server to support development teams in version control, build automation, and release management.

• Responsible for setting up and configuring TFS server

• Manage user permissions and security settings

• Troubleshoot issues related to TFS functionality

• Support development teams in version control, build automation, and release management

Kubelet is the primary node agent that runs on each node in a Kubernetes cluster.

• Kubelet is responsible for managing the pods on the node, ensuring they are running and healthy.

• It communicates with the Kubernetes API server to receive instructions and report the status of the node.

• Kubelet also monitors the health of the node and takes actions if necessary, such as restarting pods.

• It interacts with container runtimes like Docker to manage the containers within the pods.

CI/CD flow involves continuous integration and continuous deployment for efficient app deployment.

• Set up source control repository for code

• Automate build process using tools like Azure Pipelines

• Run automated tests to ensure code quality

• Deploy application to staging environment for testing

• Automatically deploy to production after successful testing

Azure and GCP offer similar cloud services but differ in pricing, global reach, and specific offerings.

• Azure has a larger global presence with more data centers compared to GCP.

• GCP is known for its competitive pricing and discounts, especially for long-term commitments.

• Azure offers services like Azure Functions, Azure DevOps, and Azure Machine Learning, while GCP has offerings like BigQuery, Cloud Functions, and AI Platform.

• Both platforms provide services for compute, storage...read more

Day to day activities involve managing Azure DevOps pipelines, monitoring builds, resolving issues, collaborating with teams.

• Managing Azure DevOps pipelines for continuous integration and deployment

• Monitoring builds and deployments for any issues or failures

• Resolving any issues that arise during the development process

• Collaborating with development teams to ensure smooth workflow and communication

• Implementing best practices for version control, code reviews, and automated tes...read more

Azure DevOps implementations involve setting up pipelines, repositories, and automating workflows for efficient software development.

• Setting up CI/CD pipelines to automate build and deployment processes

• Creating and managing repositories for source code version control

• Integrating with various tools for testing, monitoring, and collaboration

• Implementing infrastructure as code for managing resources

• Leveraging Azure DevOps services like Boards, Repos, Pipelines, Test Plans, and A...read more

Azure DevOps is a set of development tools provided by Microsoft to help teams collaborate and deliver high-quality software.

• Azure DevOps includes services such as Azure Repos, Azure Pipelines, Azure Boards, Azure Artifacts, and Azure Test Plans.

• It allows for version control, continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD), project management, and testing.

• Teams can plan, build, test, and deploy applications using Azure DevOps.

• It integrates with various development tools ...read more

Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool created by HashiCorp.

• Terraform allows users to define and provision infrastructure using a declarative configuration language.

• It supports multiple cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and more.

• Terraform uses 'terraform plan' to create an execution plan and 'terraform apply' to apply the changes.

• It helps in automating the creation, modification, and versioning of infrastructure.

• Terraform state file k...read more

Over 5 years of IT experience in various roles and technologies

• Worked as a system administrator for 2 years

• Transitioned to a DevOps role and worked with Azure DevOps for 3 years

• Experience with CI/CD pipelines, infrastructure as code, and automation tools

• Managed deployments for multiple projects and teams

• Strong troubleshooting skills and ability to work in fast-paced environments

Use Terraform to provision and manage Azure infrastructure

• Define Azure provider in Terraform configuration

• Create resources like virtual machines, storage accounts, and networking components using Terraform code

• Use variables and modules for reusability and maintainability

• Leverage Terraform state file to track infrastructure changes

Python is a versatile scripting language commonly used for automation, data analysis, and web development.

• Python is known for its readability and simplicity, making it a popular choice for scripting tasks.

• It has a large standard library with built-in modules for various tasks like file I/O, networking, and web scraping.

• Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

• Popular Python libraries like pandas, numpy, ...read more

CI/CD flow is the process of automating the build, test, and deployment of code changes.

• Continuous Integration (CI) involves automatically building and testing code changes as they are committed to the repository.

• Continuous Deployment (CD) involves automatically deploying code changes to production after passing tests.

• CI/CD pipelines use tools like Jenkins, Azure DevOps, or GitLab to automate the process.

• Automated tests are run at each stage of the pipeline to ensure code qua...read more

YAML configuration for a .NET application

• Use a YAML file to define the build and release pipeline for the .NET application

• Specify the tasks, triggers, and variables needed for the pipeline

• Example: trigger: - master pool: vmImage: 'windows-latest' steps: - task: UseDotNet@2 inputs: packageType: 'sdk' version: '3.x' - script: dotnet build --configuration Release displayName: 'Build the project' - script: dotnet test --configuration Release --logger trx displayName: 'Run tests'

Autoscaling in cloud allows resources to automatically adjust based on demand, optimizing performance and cost.

• Automatically adjusts resources based on demand

• Optimizes performance and cost

• Commonly used in cloud environments like Azure, AWS, and Google Cloud

• Examples include scaling up virtual machines during peak traffic times and scaling down during off-peak hours

CI/CD pipeline automates the process of integrating code changes and deploying them to production.

• Continuous Integration (CI) involves automatically building and testing code changes as they are committed to a shared repository.

• Continuous Deployment (CD) involves automatically deploying code changes to production after passing tests in the CI phase.

• CI/CD pipelines help in achieving faster and more reliable software delivery.

• Tools like Jenkins, Azure DevOps, and GitLab are com...read more

A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image.

• Start with a base image using the FROM keyword

• Use the RUN keyword to execute commands in the container

• Use the COPY keyword to add files from your local machine to the container

• Use the CMD keyword to specify the command to run when the container starts

Creating a YAML file for Azure DevOps

• Use proper indentation with spaces, not tabs

• Start with '---' to indicate the beginning of the YAML file

• Define stages, jobs, and tasks within the YAML file

• Use variables and templates for reusability

• Utilize YAML anchors and aliases for DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) code