Top 50 Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers

Deploy webapp into k8s by creating a deployment YAML file and applying it using kubectl command.

• Create a Docker image of the webapp

• Create a deployment YAML file with necessary specifications like image, replicas, ports, etc.

• Apply the deployment YAML ...read more

I implemented Docker and Kubernetes to containerize and orchestrate my NodeJS applications.

• I used Docker to create containers for my NodeJS applications, ensuring consistency and portability.

• I wrote Dockerfiles to define the environment and dependenc...read more

Ingress controller is a Kubernetes resource that manages external access to services within a cluster.

• Ingress controller acts as a traffic manager, routing incoming traffic to the appropriate services based on rules defined in the Ingress resource.

• It...read more

K8s is a container orchestration tool while Docker Swarm is a clustering and scheduling tool for Docker containers.

• K8s is more widely used and has a larger community support compared to Docker Swarm.

• K8s supports more advanced features like auto-scali...read more

To ensure Kubernetes cluster is up and running, monitoring tools, automated alerts, and regular health checks are essential.

• Set up monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana to track cluster health and performance metrics

• Implement automated alerts ...read more

I am highly fluent in AWS and Kubernetes, with extensive experience in designing, implementing, and managing cloud infrastructure.

• Extensive experience in designing and implementing AWS solutions such as EC2, S3, RDS, Lambda, and VPC

• Proficient in mana...read more

To monitor k8s Prod instance, use monitoring tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Kubernetes Dashboard.

• Use Prometheus to collect metrics from Kubernetes API server and nodes

• Visualize the collected data using Grafana dashboards

• Use Kubernetes Dashboard ...read more

Troubleshooting Kubernetes issues involves identifying the root cause, checking logs, examining configurations, and using monitoring tools.

• Identify the specific issue by checking logs and error messages.

• Examine the Kubernetes configurations to ensure...read more

Kubernetes architecture is a container orchestration platform that manages containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.

• Kubernetes follows a master-slave architecture with a master node and multiple worker nodes.

• Master node components include...read more

Common errors encountered in Kubernetes

• Pod errors (CrashLoopBackOff, ImagePullBackOff)

• Node errors (NodeNotReady, NodeOutOfDisk)

• Service errors (ServiceUnavailable, EndpointsNotFound)

• PersistentVolume errors (VolumeNotFound, VolumeInUse)

• Network errors (...read more

Load balancing in Kubernetes is achieved using a service called Kubernetes Service.

• Create a Kubernetes Service object with a type of 'LoadBalancer'

• The Service will automatically create an external load balancer that will distribute traffic to the pod...read more

Capacity planning for a Kubernetes cluster involves analyzing resource usage, predicting future needs, and scaling infrastructure accordingly.

• Monitor resource usage of pods and nodes using tools like Prometheus and Grafana

• Analyze historical data to i...read more

It depends on the specific use case and requirements of the project.

• Consider the complexity and scale of the project - Kubernetes is better suited for large, complex applications with multiple services, while Lambda is more suitable for smaller, even...read more

Deployment strategies in Kubernetes help manage the rollout of new versions of applications.

• Use Rolling Update strategy to gradually replace old Pods with new ones

• Use Blue-Green Deployment strategy to switch traffic between two identical environments...read more

Kubelet is the primary node agent that runs on each node in a Kubernetes cluster.

• Kubelet is responsible for managing the pods on the node, ensuring they are running and healthy.

• It communicates with the Kubernetes API server to receive instructions an...read more

A pod in K8s is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes, consisting of one or more containers that share resources.

• Pods are used to group containers that need to work together, such as a web server and a database.

• Pods share the same network namesp...read more

Images that can be deployed in Kubernetes must be containerized and have a corresponding Kubernetes deployment configuration.

• Images must be containerized using Docker or another containerization tool.

• A Kubernetes deployment configuration file must be...read more

Kubernetes was chosen due to its superior orchestration capabilities and larger community support.

• Kubernetes has better load balancing and scaling features

• Kubernetes has a larger community and more resources available

• Docker Swarm is simpler and easie...read more

Pods may get restarted automatically due to various reasons such as resource constraints, failures, or updates.

• Resource constraints like memory or CPU limits being exceeded can trigger a pod restart.

• Pods may be restarted if they fail health checks de...read more

A Kubernetes manifest defines the desired state of a cluster

• Use YAML syntax to define resources like pods, services, deployments, etc.

• Include metadata like name, labels, and annotations

• Specify the desired state of the resource, such as replicas, imag...read more

Design algorithm for VPA in Kubernetes

• Implement a controller that monitors resource usage and adjusts the number of replicas based on demand

• Utilize Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to automatically scale the number of pods in a deployment

• Co...read more

I have extensive experience with Kubernetes and Openshift in managing containerized applications and orchestrating deployments.

• Managed Kubernetes clusters for deploying and scaling microservices

• Implemented CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins and GitLab for...read more

Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Automated deployment and scaling of containerized applications

• Load balancing and service discovery

• Self-healing and auto-...read more

Use kubectl command to check the status of a pending k8s pod.

• Use 'kubectl get pods' command to list all pods and their statuses

• Look for the pod in 'Pending' state

• Check the reason for pending state using 'kubectl describe pod '

Factors to consider before deploying services to Kubernetes

• Resource requirements of the services

• Networking considerations

• Security measures

• Monitoring and logging capabilities

• High availability and scalability needs

Control plane components in Kubernetes manage the cluster and make decisions about the state of the cluster.

• Control Manager: Ensures that the desired state of the cluster matches the actual state.

• Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes based on resourc...read more

Implementing zero-downtime deployments in Kubernetes involves using rolling updates and readiness probes.

• Use rolling updates to gradually replace old pods with new ones

• Configure readiness probes to ensure new pods are ready before routing traffic to ...read more