HCLTech Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Angular is a popular open-source front-end web application framework developed by Google.

• Angular is used for building dynamic web applications.

• It allows for the creation of single-page applications.

• Angular uses TypeScript for building applications.

• It provides features like data binding, dependency injection, and routing.

• Angular has a large community and ecosystem of libraries and tools.

• Examples: AngularJS, Angular 2, A

Routing is the process of selecting a path for network traffic to travel from source to destination.

• Routing involves determining the best path for data packets to travel through a network

• Routers use routing tables to make decisions on where to send data packets

• Routing protocols like OSPF and BGP help routers communicate and update routing information

There are various types of forms, such as physical forms, digital forms, legal forms, etc.

• Physical forms: Paper-based forms that are filled out by hand.

• Digital forms: Electronic forms that are filled out online or through software.

• Legal forms: Forms used for legal purposes, such as contracts or agreements.

Lazy loading in Angular is a technique used to load modules only when they are needed, improving performance by reducing initial load time.

• Lazy loading helps in reducing the initial bundle size of the application by loading modules asynchronously.

• It improves the performance of the application by only loading the modules that are required at a particular time.

• Lazy loading is achieved by using the loadChildren property i...read more

The rxjs operator in Angular is used for reactive programming and handling asynchronous data streams.

• RxJS operators are functions that build on the observables foundation to enable sophisticated manipulation of asynchronous data streams.

• Operators can be used to filter, transform, combine, and more on observables.

• Example: map(), filter(), mergeMap(), switchMap()

Testing frameworks are tools that help automate the process of testing software applications.

• Testing frameworks provide a structure for writing and executing test cases.

• They offer features like test data management, test case organization, and reporting.

• Examples include JUnit for Java, NUnit for .NET, and pytest for Python.

To load an Angular application, you can use the Angular CLI command 'ng serve' to start a development server.

• Use the Angular CLI command 'ng serve' to start a development server

• Navigate to the project directory in the terminal and run 'ng serve'

• Open a web browser and go to 'http://localhost:4200/' to view the application

Implement a function to sort an integer array without using any library function

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, selection sort, or insertion sort

• Iterate through the array and compare adjacent elements to swap them if necessary

• Repeat the process until the array is sorted

• Example: Implement bubble sort algorithm to sort the integer array

A recursive function calls itself to solve a problem.

• Define a base case to stop the recursion

• Make a recursive call within the function

• Ensure the recursive call moves towards the base case

• Example: Factorial calculation using recursion

Function to find duplicates in an array of strings

• Iterate through the array and store each element in a hash set

• If an element is already in the hash set, it is a duplicate

• Return a list of duplicates found

Xpath for an Anchor tag in Automation Testing

• Use the 'a' tag in the Xpath expression to target anchor tags

• Use '@href' attribute to specify the link of the anchor tag

• Example: //a[@href='https://www.example.com']

Challenges faced in automation project and how they were overcome

• Lack of skilled resources - Conducted training sessions to upskill team members

• Unstable test environment - Implemented robust error handling mechanisms

• Changing requirements - Utilized agile methodologies to adapt quickly

• Integration issues with third-party tools - Collaborated with vendors for solutions

Selenium Architecture is a framework that consists of different components for automated testing of web applications.

• Selenium WebDriver: It is the core component that allows interaction with web elements.

• Selenium Grid: It enables parallel execution of tests across different browsers and environments.

• Selenium IDE: It is a record and playback tool for creating test scripts.

• Selenium RC (Remote Control): It is the predeces...read more

Yes, I have faced synchronization problems while automating tests.

• Yes, I have encountered synchronization issues when elements load at different speeds on a webpage.

• To overcome this, I have used explicit waits in Selenium to wait for specific conditions before proceeding with the test.

• I have also used implicit waits to set a default waiting time for the elements to load.

• In some cases, I have used Thread.sleep() to paus...read more

Other exceptions handled in automation testing besides NoSuchElementException

• ElementNotVisibleException - when element is present in DOM but not visible on the page

• StaleElementReferenceException - when element is no longer attached to the DOM

• TimeoutException - when a command does not complete in a specific time frame

• NoSuchWindowException - when the window target to be switched doesn't exist

• InvalidElementStateException ...read more

OOPS concepts are fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming, including inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex imple...read more

Relative xpath is based on the current position of an element, while absolute xpath starts from the root element.

• Relative xpath is shorter and less prone to breaking with changes in the DOM structure.

• Absolute xpath is longer and more specific, starting from the root element of the HTML document.

• Relative xpath is preferred for dynamic web elements, while absolute xpath is more suitable for static elements.

• Example: Relat...read more

Java program to reverse a string

• Create a StringBuilder object

• Use the reverse() method to reverse the string

• Convert the StringBuilder object back to a string

A framework is a set of guidelines, coding standards, concepts, and practices that provide structure and support for automated testing.

• Framework helps in organizing and executing automated tests efficiently.

• Common frameworks include Data-Driven, Keyword-Driven, Hybrid, and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD).

• In my project, I have worked on a Data-Driven framework where test data is separated from test scripts for easy ma

TestNG provides the ability to re-run failed test cases using the 'retryAnalyzer' feature.

• Implement a custom 'IRetryAnalyzer' class to define the retry logic for failed test cases.

• Specify the 'retryAnalyzer' attribute in the @Test annotation with the custom retry analyzer class.

• Set the 'retryAnalyzer' attribute to the custom class name in the testng.xml file to apply the retry logic globally.

• Failed test cases will be a...read more

Interface in Java is a reference type in Java, similar to a class, that can contain only constants, method signatures, default methods, static methods, and nested types.

• An interface is a blueprint of a class that can have abstract methods and constants.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Sh...read more

Fluent wait, implicit wait, and explicit wait are different types of wait strategies used in automation testing to handle synchronization issues.

• Fluent wait is a dynamic wait mechanism in Selenium WebDriver that waits for a condition to be true with a specified polling frequency.

• Implicit wait is a global wait applied to all elements in the WebDriver instance, allowing a certain amount of time for elements to load befor...read more

Yes, TestNG supports crossbrowser testing by allowing the execution of test cases on multiple browsers in parallel.

• TestNG allows the use of @Parameters annotation to pass browser type as a parameter to test methods.

• TestNG can be integrated with Selenium WebDriver to run tests on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.

• TestNG provides the flexibility to run tests in parallel on multiple browsers for faster e