100+ Senior Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Containerization is a lightweight, portable, and self-sufficient way to package applications and their dependencies.

• Create a Dockerfile with instructions on how to build the container

• Build the Docker image using the Dockerfile

• Run the Docker image to create a container

• Deploy the container on a server using Docker Engine

Standards used in fire protection system

• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards

• UL (Underwriters Laboratories) standards

• FM (Factory Mutual) standards

• IBC (International Building Code) standards

• NFSA (National Fire Sprinkler Association) standards

Answering technical questions related to ASP.NET and design patterns

• The HTML control that is not programmable in ASP.NET is the control

• SaaS stands for Software as a Service, PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, and IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service

• Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software development problems

• Singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object

• Multicast delegates are delegates that can have multip...read more

Use synchronization mechanisms to control thread execution order while allowing parallel processing.

• Utilize CountDownLatch in Java to ensure threads complete in order.

• Example: Thread 1 completes, then Thread 2 starts, followed by Thread 3.

• Use semaphores to control access and execution order.

• Example: Semaphore initialized to 0 for Thread 2, allowing it to start only after Thread 1 completes.

• Implement Future and ExecutorService to manage task completion and enforce order.

Hydraulic calculations involve determining fluid flow rates, pressures, and forces in a hydraulic system.

• Hydraulic calculations are performed using mathematical formulas and principles.

• Factors such as fluid viscosity, pipe diameter, pressure drop, and flow rate are considered.

• Formulas like Bernoulli's equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, and Hazen-Williams equation are commonly used.

• Software tools like hydraulic modeling software can also be used for complex calculations.

• Exampl...read more

AWS Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud.

• Redshift allows for easy scaling of data storage and processing power

• It is optimized for high performance analytics and complex queries

Use efficient file reading techniques like memory mapping, parallel processing, and columnar storage.

• Utilize memory mapping to directly access file data without loading it into memory

• Implement parallel processing to read and process data concurrently for faster performance

• Consider using columnar storage to optimize data retrieval for specific columns

• Use appropriate data structures and algorithms for efficient data processing

Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC) are core concepts in Spring for managing object creation and dependencies.

• Dependency Injection allows objects to receive their dependencies from an external source rather than creating them internally.

• Inversion of Control (IoC) is a design principle where the control of object creation and management is transferred to a container.

• Spring IoC container manages the lifecycle of beans and their dependencies, promoting loose...read more

Execute test cases with varying data sets using a structured approach for efficient testing.

• Use a test framework like JUnit or TestNG to manage test cases.

• Define test data in a structured format (e.g., CSV, JSON).

• For the first test case, use a single data point: e.g., input: { 'username': 'testUser' }.

• For the second test case, iterate over an array of two data points: e.g., inputs: [{ 'username': 'user1' }, { 'username': 'user2' }].

• For the third test case, use a single data p...read more

API Testing: Understanding different http requests and error codes

• GET request is used to retrieve data from the server

• POST request is used to submit data to the server

• PUT request is used to update existing data on the server

• PATCH request is used to partially update existing data on the server

• HTTP error codes indicate the status of the request/response

• 200 OK - successful request

• 400 Bad Request - invalid request

• 401 Unauthorized - authentication required

• 404 Not Found - requested...read more

Components of an Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster

• Master nodes

• Worker nodes

• Node pools

• Networking components (Virtual Network, Load Balancer)

• Storage components (Azure Disk, Azure Files)

• RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)

• Monitoring and logging components (Azure Monitor, Azure Log Analytics)

Scaling Kubernetes pods involves adjusting the number of replicas based on demand.

• Use Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to automatically adjust the number of replicas based on CPU or memory usage

• Manually scale pods using kubectl commands like 'kubectl scale deployment --replicas='

• Implement Cluster Autoscaler to automatically adjust the number of nodes in a cluster based on resource usage

The classes of steel pipes include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and duplex steel.

• Carbon steel pipes are the most common type and are used in various industries.

• Alloy steel pipes contain additional elements like chromium, nickel, and molybdenum for enhanced properties.

• Stainless steel pipes are corrosion-resistant and widely used in applications requiring hygiene and durability.

• Duplex steel pipes have a combination of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel, offe...read more

Program to find prime numbers from 1 to n

• Iterate from 2 to n and check if each number is prime

• Use a nested loop to check divisibility by numbers less than the current number

• A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself

CloudWatch is a monitoring and management service provided by AWS to monitor resources and applications in the cloud.

• CloudWatch collects and tracks metrics, logs, and events from various AWS services and resources.

• It provides real-time monitoring, alerting, and dashboards to help users visualize and understand their cloud environment.

• Users can set up alarms to notify them of changes in their environment or resource usage.

• CloudWatch can be used to monitor EC2 instances, S3 buc...read more

Designing a chatbot involves defining objectives, selecting technology, creating conversation flows, and testing for user experience.

• Define the purpose: Determine what the chatbot will do, e.g., customer support, booking appointments.

• Choose the platform: Decide whether to build on platforms like Facebook Messenger, Slack, or a custom website.

• Select technology: Choose between rule-based systems or AI-driven solutions like NLP frameworks (e.g., Rasa, Dialogflow).

• Design conversa...read more

Keywords like 'lock', 'synchronized', and 'wait' can contribute to deadlock in threading by causing resource contention.

• 1. 'lock': Acquiring a lock on a resource can lead to deadlock if multiple threads try to acquire locks in different orders.

• 2. 'synchronized': Using synchronized blocks can cause deadlock if two threads hold locks on two resources and wait for each other.

• 3. 'wait': If a thread calls wait on an object while holding a lock, it can lead to deadlock if another t...read more

The Java Collections Framework provides data structures and algorithms for efficient data management and manipulation.

• Standardized data structures: Offers common interfaces like List, Set, and Map for consistent usage.

• Dynamic sizing: Collections can grow or shrink dynamically, unlike arrays which have fixed sizes.

• Rich API: Provides a wide range of utility methods for sorting, searching, and manipulating data.

• Thread-safe collections: Offers concurrent collections like CopyOnWr...read more

Java is a versatile, platform-independent programming language known for its robustness, security, and extensive libraries.

• Platform Independence: Java's 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' capability allows applications to run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Strongly Typed Language: Java's strict type checking at compile-time helps catch errors early, reducing runtime issues.

• Rich Standard Library: Java provides a comprehensive set of libraries (e.g., Java Collections F...read more

Forms personalization allows users to customize their own forms without modifying the underlying code, while customization involves making changes to the form's code.

• Forms personalization is done by end users without technical knowledge.

• Customization involves modifying the form's code by developers.

• Forms personalization is limited to changing the behavior of existing form elements.

• Customization allows for more extensive changes to the form's functionality.

• Forms personalizatio...read more

HTTP2 is faster, more efficient, and supports multiplexing and server push.

• HTTP2 uses binary instead of text format for better performance.

• HTTP2 supports multiplexing, allowing multiple requests to be sent and received at the same time.

• HTTP2 also supports server push, where the server can send resources to the client before they are requested.

• HTTP2 has header compression, reducing the amount of data that needs to be sent.

• HTTP2 requires SSL/TLS encryption for security.

• HTTP1.1 ...read more

This Java program adds two numeric strings, handling non-numeric characters gracefully while preserving their structure.

• Input Handling: The program iterates through both strings, extracting numeric characters for addition.

• Character Conversion: Non-numeric characters are ignored, while numeric characters are converted to integers for summation.

• StringBuilder: A StringBuilder is used to construct the result string efficiently.

• Example: For String1 = '0123XXXXXXXXXX6789' and Strin...read more

Deep copy creates a new copy of an object with all nested objects also copied, while shallow copy creates a new object with references to the original nested objects.

• Deep copy involves recursively copying all nested objects, while shallow copy only copies the top-level object

• Deep copy ensures that changes to the original object do not affect the copied object, while shallow copy may have shared references

• In JavaScript, deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(JSON.stringify...read more

RTOS is more preferable for 32-bit controllers due to its real-time capabilities and task scheduling.

• RTOS provides real-time capabilities for time-sensitive applications

• RTOS offers task scheduling for efficient multitasking

• Bare metal programming may be suitable for simple applications with minimal overhead

Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) is a managed Kubernetes service provided by AWS.

• Fully managed Kubernetes service

• Automatically scales based on workload

• Integrates with other AWS services like EC2, S3, and IAM

The dependency inversion principle is important to implement in a project because it promotes loose coupling, flexibility, and testability.

• Dependency inversion principle helps in decoupling high-level modules from low-level modules.

• It allows for easier maintenance and modification of code.

• By depending on abstractions rather than concrete implementations, it enables flexibility and extensibility.

• It facilitates unit testing by allowing the use of mock objects.

• Example: Instead o...read more

COM enabled software components to communicate across different languages, later succeeded by .NET for better interoperability and ease of use.

• COM was developed by Microsoft to allow inter-process communication and dynamic object creation in a networked environment.

• It supports language independence, allowing components written in different languages (like C++ and VB) to work together.

• COM is based on binary standards, which can lead to versioning issues and complexity in deplo...read more