100+ Senior Technical Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Containerization is a lightweight, portable, and self-sufficient way to package applications and their dependencies.

• Create a Dockerfile with instructions on how to build the container

• Build the Docker image using the Dockerfile

• Run the Docker image to create a container

• Deploy the container on a server using Docker Engine

Standards used in fire protection system

• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards

• UL (Underwriters Laboratories) standards

• FM (Factory Mutual) standards

• IBC (International Building Code) standards

• NFSA (National Fire Sprinkler Association) standards

Answering technical questions related to ASP.NET and design patterns

• The HTML control that is not programmable in ASP.NET is the control

• SaaS stands for Software as a Service, PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, and IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service

• Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software development problems

• Singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object

• Multicast delegates are delegates that can have multip...read more

Hydraulic calculations involve determining fluid flow rates, pressures, and forces in a hydraulic system.

• Hydraulic calculations are performed using mathematical formulas and principles.

• Factors such as fluid viscosity, pipe diameter, pressure drop, and flow rate are considered.

• Formulas like Bernoulli's equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, and Hazen-Williams equation are commonly used.

• Software tools like hydraulic modeling software can also be used for complex calculations.

• Exampl...read more

API Testing: Understanding different http requests and error codes

• GET request is used to retrieve data from the server

• POST request is used to submit data to the server

• PUT request is used to update existing data on the server

• PATCH request is used to partially update existing data on the server

• HTTP error codes indicate the status of the request/response

• 200 OK - successful request

• 400 Bad Request - invalid request

• 401 Unauthorized - authentication required

• 404 Not Found - requested...read more

call_form is used to call a form module from another form module, open_form is used to open a form module in a new window, and new_form is used to open a new form module in the same window.

• call_form is used to call a form module from another form module

• open_form is used to open a form module in a new window

• new_form is used to open a new form module in the same window

CloudWatch is a monitoring and management service provided by AWS to monitor resources and applications in the cloud.

• CloudWatch collects and tracks metrics, logs, and events from various AWS services and resources.

• It provides real-time monitoring, alerting, and dashboards to help users visualize and understand their cloud environment.

• Users can set up alarms to notify them of changes in their environment or resource usage.

• CloudWatch can be used to monitor EC2 instances, S3 buc...read more

Scaling Kubernetes pods involves adjusting the number of replicas based on demand.

• Use Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to automatically adjust the number of replicas based on CPU or memory usage

• Manually scale pods using kubectl commands like 'kubectl scale deployment --replicas='

• Implement Cluster Autoscaler to automatically adjust the number of nodes in a cluster based on resource usage

Program to find prime numbers from 1 to n

• Iterate from 2 to n and check if each number is prime

• Use a nested loop to check divisibility by numbers less than the current number

• A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself

Forms personalization allows users to customize their own forms without modifying the underlying code, while customization involves making changes to the form's code.

• Forms personalization is done by end users without technical knowledge.

• Customization involves modifying the form's code by developers.

• Forms personalization is limited to changing the behavior of existing form elements.

• Customization allows for more extensive changes to the form's functionality.

• Forms personalizatio...read more

Deep copy creates a new copy of an object with all nested objects also copied, while shallow copy creates a new object with references to the original nested objects.

• Deep copy involves recursively copying all nested objects, while shallow copy only copies the top-level object

• Deep copy ensures that changes to the original object do not affect the copied object, while shallow copy may have shared references

• In JavaScript, deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(JSON.stringify...read more

RTOS is more preferable for 32-bit controllers due to its real-time capabilities and task scheduling.

• RTOS provides real-time capabilities for time-sensitive applications

• RTOS offers task scheduling for efficient multitasking

• Bare metal programming may be suitable for simple applications with minimal overhead

Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) is a managed Kubernetes service provided by AWS.

• Fully managed Kubernetes service

• Automatically scales based on workload

• Integrates with other AWS services like EC2, S3, and IAM

The dependency inversion principle is important to implement in a project because it promotes loose coupling, flexibility, and testability.

• Dependency inversion principle helps in decoupling high-level modules from low-level modules.

• It allows for easier maintenance and modification of code.

• By depending on abstractions rather than concrete implementations, it enables flexibility and extensibility.

• It facilitates unit testing by allowing the use of mock objects.

• Example: Instead o...read more

Docker Compose simplifies building Docker images by defining services and dependencies in a YAML file.

• Docker Compose allows defining multiple services and their dependencies in a single YAML file

• Each service can have its own Dockerfile or use an existing image

• Dependencies between services can be defined using the 'depends_on' keyword

• Images can be built using the 'docker-compose build' command

• Example: docker-compose.yml file defining a web service and a database service

MVVM and VIPER are architectural patterns used in iOS development. MVVM focuses on data binding while VIPER emphasizes modularity.

• MVVM separates the view, model, and view model layers. It allows for easy testing and maintenance. Example: RxSwift library.

• VIPER separates the view, interactor, presenter, entity, and router layers. It promotes scalability and flexibility. Example: Uber app.

• MVVM advantages: easy to understand, maintain, and test. It also allows for reusability of ...read more

Java 11 introduced several new features and enhancements compared to Java 8.

• Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters

• HTTP Client API (standardized in java.net.http package)

• Nest-Based Access Control

• Dynamic Class-File Constants

• Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector

• Flight Recorder

• ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector

I have experience with various configuration management tools such as Ansible, Puppet, and Chef.

• Implemented Ansible playbooks to automate server configuration

• Managed Puppet manifests to ensure consistent server configurations

• Utilized Chef cookbooks to deploy applications across multiple environments

The output of the query will depend on the specific data in the tables being joined.

• The result will be a combination of data from all 4 tables based on the join conditions specified in the query.

• Make sure to check for any filtering conditions in the query that may limit the output.

• The final result will include columns from all 4 tables, with rows that meet the join criteria.

Yes, I am okay with CTC not being an issue as long as we are leading in the global market.

• I prioritize being part of a successful and globally competitive company over CTC.

• I believe in the importance of contributing to a company's growth and success.

• I am motivated by the opportunity to work on challenging projects and make a significant impact.

• I value the recognition and reputation that comes with being part of a leading global company.

• I am open to discussing other non-moneta...read more

I have developed web applications, automation scripts, data analysis tools, and machine learning models in Python.

• Developed web applications using Django and Flask frameworks

• Created automation scripts for repetitive tasks

• Built data analysis tools using pandas and numpy libraries

• Implemented machine learning models with scikit-learn and TensorFlow

BLE Mesh is a wireless communication protocol that allows multiple devices to communicate with each other in a mesh network.

• BLE Mesh is based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology.

• It allows devices to communicate with each other in a mesh network, where each device can act as a node and relay messages to other nodes.

• This enables large-scale IoT deployments, where devices can communicate with each other over long distances.

• BLE Mesh is designed to be secure and reliable, wit...read more

For cost management on a cloud, monitor usage, optimize resources, use cost allocation tags, leverage reserved instances, and consider spot instances.

• Monitor usage regularly to identify any inefficiencies or unused resources

• Optimize resources by right-sizing instances and using auto-scaling

• Use cost allocation tags to track spending by project or department

• Leverage reserved instances for predictable workloads to save costs

• Consider using spot instances for non-critical workload...read more

Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while unique key ensures that all values in a column are distinct.

• Primary key can't have null values, while unique key can have one null value.

• A table can have only one primary key, but multiple unique keys.

• Primary key is automatically indexed, while unique key may or may not be indexed.

Forms authentication in MVC is implemented by configuring the web.config file and using the Authorize attribute in controllers.

• Configure forms authentication in web.config file

• Use Authorize attribute in controllers to restrict access to authenticated users

• Set authentication cookie upon successful login

Variables in JAVA are passed by value, meaning a copy of the variable's value is passed to a method.

• In JAVA, primitive data types are passed by value, while objects are passed by reference.

• When a primitive data type is passed to a method, a copy of the value is passed, so changes made to the parameter inside the method do not affect the original variable.

• When an object is passed to a method, the reference to the object is passed by value, meaning changes to the object's state...read more

A sample JAVA program to parse and validate mail-id

• Use regular expressions to validate the email format

• Check for the presence of '@' symbol and domain name

• Utilize try-catch blocks for error handling

• Use Java libraries like javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress for validation

Design a batch process to create and send reports

• Create a script to generate the report based on specified criteria

• Schedule the script to run at regular intervals using a batch scheduler like cron

• Configure the script to send the report via email or save it to a shared location

• Include error handling and logging in the batch process

Data skewness refers to the imbalance in the distribution of data values within a dataset.

• Data skewness occurs when certain values or categories appear more frequently than others in a dataset.

• It can lead to performance issues in data processing and analysis.

• To resolve data skewness, techniques like data partitioning, shuffling, and using appropriate algorithms can be employed.

• For example, in a dataset of customer transactions, if a few customers have significantly more trans...read more

Wi-Fi mesh is a network topology where multiple Wi-Fi access points work together to provide seamless coverage.

• Wi-Fi mesh networks use multiple access points to create a single, seamless network

• Each access point in a mesh network communicates with the others to provide coverage

• Mesh networks are self-healing, meaning if one access point fails, the others can still provide coverage

• Mesh networks can be used to extend Wi-Fi coverage in large homes or outdoor areas

• Popular Wi-Fi me...read more

Implemented open-close principle in a project

• Used interfaces to define abstract behavior

• Implemented concrete classes that adhere to the interface

• New functionality added by creating new classes that implement the interface

• Existing code remains untouched and doesn't need modification

• Example: Created an interface 'Shape' with methods like 'calculateArea' and 'draw'. Implemented classes like 'Circle' and 'Rectangle' that implement the 'Shape' interface. Later added a new class 'T...read more

Kubernetes architecture is a container orchestration platform that uses a master-slave architecture to manage containerized applications.

• Kubernetes has a master node that manages the cluster and worker nodes that run the applications.

• The master node has several components such as API server, etcd, scheduler, and controller manager.

• Worker nodes have kubelet, kube-proxy, and container runtime components.

• Kubernetes uses labels and selectors to group and manage containers.

• Kuberne...read more

RTOS and real-time OS are the same thing, both referring to operating systems designed for real-time applications.

• RTOS is an acronym for Real-Time Operating System.

• Real-time OS is an alternative term for RTOS.

• Both RTOS and real-time OS refer to operating systems designed for real-time applications.

• Examples of RTOS include VxWorks, FreeRTOS, and QNX.

Trigger firing sequence in Oracle Forms 12c involves pre-insert, pre-update, pre-delete, post-insert, post-update, and post-delete triggers.

• Pre-insert trigger fires before a new record is inserted.

• Pre-update trigger fires before an existing record is updated.

• Pre-delete trigger fires before a record is deleted.

• Post-insert trigger fires after a new record is inserted.

• Post-update trigger fires after an existing record is updated.

• Post-delete trigger fires after a record is delete...read more

Various services like compute, storage, networking, databases, analytics, AI/ML, IoT, and more are used in the cloud.

• Compute services (e.g. AWS EC2, Azure Virtual Machines)

• Storage services (e.g. AWS S3, Google Cloud Storage)

• Networking services (e.g. AWS VPC, Azure Virtual Network)

• Database services (e.g. AWS RDS, Azure SQL Database)

• Analytics services (e.g. AWS Redshift, Google BigQuery)

• AI/ML services (e.g. AWS SageMaker, Azure Machine Learning)

• IoT services (e.g. AWS IoT, Azure...read more

I am highly adaptable to new environments and can quickly learn and adjust to new technologies and processes.

• I have a strong ability to learn quickly and efficiently

• I am comfortable with change and can easily adjust to new situations

• I am proactive in seeking out new information and resources to help me adapt

• I have experience working in diverse environments and with different teams

• I am open-minded and willing to try new approaches and methods

I have used code in various projects and industries, including finance, e-commerce, and healthcare.

• Finance: Developed trading algorithms and risk management systems.

• E-commerce: Built online shopping platforms and payment gateways.

• Healthcare: Created electronic medical record systems and medical imaging software.

Seeking new challenges, growth opportunities, and a better work-life balance.

• Looking for new challenges and opportunities for growth

• Seeking a better work-life balance

• Interested in working with cutting-edge technologies or in a different industry

• Want to expand my skill set and knowledge

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM in memory, used for efficient updates and rendering in web development.

• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to improve performance by minimizing actual DOM manipulations.

• When changes are made to the UI, the Virtual DOM is updated instead of the actual DOM.

• The Virtual DOM is then compared to the actual DOM, and only the differences are applied to the real DOM for rendering.

• This process helps in reducing the ...read more

To find the median in SQL, you can use the NTILE() function to divide the data into two halves and then calculate the average of the middle values.

• Use the NTILE() function to divide the data into two halves

• Calculate the average of the middle values to find the median

• Consider handling cases where the number of values is even or odd

Microservices offer scalability and flexibility but can increase complexity and require careful management.

• Pros: Scalability, flexibility, independent deployment, technology diversity

• Cons: Increased complexity, communication overhead, data consistency challenges

• Example: Netflix uses microservices to handle millions of requests daily

• Example: Amazon migrated to microservices to improve agility and scalability

To remove an element from a circular linked list, we need to update the pointers of the previous and next nodes.

• Find the node to be removed

• Update the pointers of the previous and next nodes

• Free the memory of the removed node

Use C++ to write an input stream to a file.

• Open the input stream and output file streams in C++.

• Read from the input stream and write to the output file stream.

• Close both streams after writing is complete.

AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service provided by Amazon Web Services.

• Serverless computing platform

• Allows running code without provisioning or managing servers

• Automatically scales based on incoming traffic

• Supports multiple programming languages like Node.js, Python, Java, etc.

• Pay only for the compute time consumed

HCL Commerce can be installed using the Installation Manager tool provided by HCL.

• Download the Installation Manager tool from the HCL website.

• Launch the Installation Manager and select the HCL Commerce package to install.

• Follow the prompts and provide the necessary information such as database credentials and installation directory.

• Once the installation is complete, configure the HCL Commerce instance using the Configuration Tool.

• Test the installation by accessing the HCL Com...read more

Application security is maintained through regular security assessments, code reviews, penetration testing, and implementing security best practices.

• Regular security assessments to identify vulnerabilities

• Code reviews to ensure secure coding practices are followed

• Penetration testing to simulate attacks and identify weaknesses

• Implementing security best practices such as input validation, encryption, and access control

• Using tools like firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusio...read more

MS Project architecture includes components like Project Server, Project Web App, Project Professional, and Project Online.

• Project Server is the central component that stores project data and manages access

• Project Web App is the web-based interface for accessing and managing projects

• Project Professional is the desktop application for creating and editing project plans

• Project Online is the cloud-based version of Project Server for online project management