40+ Writer Information Management Services Interview Questions and Answers

A controller is a component that handles incoming requests and returns a response, while a REST controller specifically handles RESTful requests.

• A controller is responsible for handling various types of requests, such as HTTP, WebSocket, etc.

• A REST controller is a type of controller that specifically handles RESTful requests, which follow the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST).

• REST controllers typically use annotations like @RestController and @RequestMappin...read more

Answering questions related to Spring Boot and core Java

• Spring Boot addons include Spring Security, Spring Data, and Spring Cloud

• Spring Boot is a framework for building standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications

• Ways of configuring a bean in Spring include XML configuration, Java-based configuration, and annotation-based configuration

• Core Java topics include OOP concepts, collections, multithreading, and exception handling

Troubleshooting application issues requires thorough analysis, communication, and collaboration.

• Identifying the root cause of the issue by analyzing logs, code, and system configurations.

• Communicating effectively with team members to gather information and brainstorm solutions.

• Collaborating with other teams such as DevOps or QA to investigate potential infrastructure or testing issues.

• Utilizing debugging tools and techniques to isolate and fix the problem.

• Documenting the trou...read more

Stored procedure is a precompiled SQL code, web API HTTP verbs are GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.

• Stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that are precompiled and stored in the database for reuse.

• Web API HTTP verbs are GET, POST, PUT, DELETE used for communication between client and server.

• GET is used to retrieve data, POST is used to create data, PUT is used to update data, DELETE is used to delete data.

• Examples of web API HTTP verbs are GET https://api.example.com/users, POST h...read more

Developed a real-time data processing system for a financial institution

• Implemented a distributed system using Apache Kafka and Apache Storm

• Designed a fault-tolerant architecture with multiple redundancy layers

• Optimized the system for high throughput and low latency

• Provided real-time monitoring and alerting using Grafana and Prometheus

get() method returns null if the object is not found in the cache or database, while load() method throws an exception.

• get() method is eager loading while load() method is lazy loading.

• get() method returns the object from the database or cache while load() method returns a proxy object.

• get() method is slower than load() method.

• get() method is used when we are not sure if the object exists in the database or cache while load() method is used when we are sure that the object ex...read more

AngularJS is the first version of Angular, while Angular 10 is the latest version with significant improvements and updates.

• AngularJS is based on JavaScript, while Angular 10 is based on TypeScript.

• AngularJS uses controllers and $scope for data binding, while Angular 10 uses components and directives.

• AngularJS has two-way data binding, while Angular 10 has one-way data binding by default.

• AngularJS uses $http for AJAX requests, while Angular 10 uses HttpClient module for the s...read more

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to retrieve values quickly.

• HashMap uses an array of buckets to store key-value pairs

• Each bucket contains a linked list of entries with the same hash code

• When a key-value pair is added, its hash code is used to determine the bucket and added to the linked list

• When a value is retrieved, its hash code is used to find the bucket and search the linked list for the key

• HashMap uses load factor to determine when...read more

Spring is a framework for building Java applications, while Spring Boot is an extension that simplifies the setup and development process.

• Spring is a comprehensive framework that provides various modules for different functionalities like Spring MVC, Spring Security, etc.

• Spring Boot is an opinionated framework that simplifies the setup and development process by providing defaults for configuration.

• Spring Boot includes embedded servers like Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow, making ...read more

Interface defines only method signatures while abstract class can have method implementations and instance variables.

• Interface is a contract that a class must implement while abstract class can be extended.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can extend only one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot.

• Example: Interface - Runnable, Abstract class - InputStream

Kafka is configured to stream data through topics and partitions.

• Kafka uses topics to organize data streams

• Each topic is divided into partitions for scalability

• Producers write data to topics and consumers read from them

• Data is stored in a distributed manner across brokers

• Configurations include settings for replication, retention, and compression

IOC and DI are design patterns used in Spring framework for loose coupling and dependency injection.

• IOC (Inversion of Control) is a design pattern where the control of object creation and lifecycle is handed over to a container or framework.

• DI (Dependency Injection) is a design pattern where the dependencies of an object are injected into it by an external entity, rather than the object creating them itself.

• Spring framework uses IOC and DI to achieve loose coupling and make t...read more

Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Method overriding is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

• The method signature (name, parameters, return type) must be the same in both the superclass and subclass.

• The access level of the overriding method cannot be more restrictive than the overridden method.

• Example: class Dog extends Animal { public void makeSound() { System.out.println("Bark"); } }

• Exam...read more

Extension methods allow adding new methods to existing types without modifying their source code.

• Extension methods are defined as static methods in a static class.

• The first parameter of an extension method specifies the type being extended.

• The 'this' keyword is used to indicate that the method is an extension method.

• Extension methods can be called on instances of the extended type.

• Extension methods can be used to add functionality to built-in types or user-defined types.

Developed a complex algorithm for real-time data processing in a financial trading platform.

• Implemented a multi-threaded system to handle high-frequency trading data

• Utilized advanced data structures like priority queues and hash maps for efficient processing

• Optimized code for low latency and high throughput

• Integrated with external APIs for market data feeds

Lambda expression is a concise way to represent anonymous functions in programming languages.

• Lambda expressions are commonly used in functional programming languages.

• They can be used to create functions on the fly without having to define them explicitly.

• Lambda expressions are often used in higher-order functions, such as map, filter, and reduce.

• They can also be used to create closures, which are functions that capture variables from their surrounding environment.

• Lambda expre...read more

Error handling in PowerApps involves using functions like Notify, Error, and Try, Catch blocks.

• Use Notify function to display error messages to users

• Utilize Error function to handle errors in formulas

• Implement Try, Catch blocks to handle exceptions and errors

Data binding allows components to communicate and share data in a web application.

• Data binding is a technique used in web development to synchronize data between the model and view components.

• Two-way data binding allows changes in the model to be reflected in the view and vice versa.

• Event binding can be used to trigger actions in response to user interactions.

• Angular and React are popular frameworks that provide data binding capabilities.

• Example: Angular's ngModel directive e...read more

A functional interface is an interface that has only one abstract method.

• Functional interfaces are used in lambda expressions and method references.

• They can have default methods and static methods.

• Examples include Runnable, Comparator, and Function interfaces.

• Functional interfaces can be annotated with @FunctionalInterface annotation.

Exception propagation is the process of passing an exception up the call stack to be handled by a higher-level method.

• Exceptions are thrown when an error occurs in a method.

• If the exception is not caught and handled within the method, it is propagated up the call stack.

• Each method in the call stack has the option to catch and handle the exception or propagate it further up.

• If the exception reaches the top of the call stack without being caught, the program will terminate with...read more

Major features in JAVA 8 include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, default methods, and method references.

• Lambda expressions allow for more concise code and enable functional programming.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, used for lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and support parallel processing.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Method references provide ...read more

Spring Boot provides rapid application development and microservices architecture.

• Easy configuration and setup

• Embedded servers for faster development

• Auto-configuration of dependencies

• Supports multiple data sources

• Actuator for monitoring and managing applications

• Simplifies development of RESTful web services

• Enables building of microservices architecture

• Provides a wide range of plugins and extensions

• Reduces boilerplate code

• Promotes best practices and standards

ReactJS is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• ReactJS allows for building reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM for better performance.

• ReactJS supports server-side rendering for SEO optimization.

• It follows a unidirectional data flow.

• ReactJS can be used with other libraries like Redux for state management.

Content negotiation is the process of selecting the appropriate representation of a resource based on the client's preferences.

• Content negotiation allows the server to return different representations of a resource (e.g., JSON, XML, HTML) based on the client's requested media type.

• It involves the exchange of HTTP headers between the client and server to negotiate the content type and language.

• The Accept header sent by the client specifies the media types it can understand, wh...read more

Custom Middleware in .NET Core is a component that sits between the web server and the application to handle requests and responses.

• Custom Middleware is used to add additional functionality to the request/response pipeline in .NET Core applications.

• It can be used for tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, request/response modification, etc.

• Middleware components are executed in the order they are added to the pipeline.

• An example of custom middleware is a loggin...read more

Interceptors are a design pattern commonly used in software development to capture and manipulate requests and responses.

• Interceptors can be used to add headers, log requests, modify responses, etc.

• In Angular, interceptors can be used to modify HTTP requests before they are sent to the server.

• In Spring framework, interceptors can be used to intercept client requests and server responses in a web application.

Abstraction and interfaces help in achieving code reusability, flexibility, and maintainability in software development.

• Abstraction allows us to hide complex implementation details and focus on the essential features of an object.

• Interfaces define a contract for classes to implement, promoting loose coupling and enabling polymorphism.

• Abstraction and interfaces facilitate code reusability by allowing different classes to share common behavior.

• They enhance flexibility by allowi...read more

useEffect hook is used in React to perform side effects in function components.

• Executes side effects in function components

• Runs after every render by default

• Can specify dependencies to control when it runs

• Used for data fetching, subscriptions, or manually changing the DOM

Services are self-contained, independent units of functionality that can be accessed programmatically.

• Services are typically used in a microservices architecture to break down a large application into smaller, manageable components.

• They can communicate with each other over a network, often using APIs like REST or gRPC.

• Examples of services include authentication services, payment services, and notification services.

Hands-on experience with software and its practical applications.

• I have worked on various software projects and have experience in developing, testing, and deploying software applications.

• I have experience in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have worked on projects involving web development, mobile app development, and database management.

• I have experience in using software development tools such as Git, JIRA, and Jenkins.

• I have also worked on projects in...read more

Interface defines a contract for a class to implement, while abstraction is a concept that hides implementation details.

• Interface is a blueprint of a class that defines methods without implementation

• Abstraction is a concept that hides implementation details and only shows necessary features

• Interfaces can have multiple inheritance, while abstraction is achieved through abstract classes or interfaces

• Example: Interface 'Shape' may have methods like calculateArea(), while abstrac...read more

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• It involves concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

• Classes are blueprints for creating objects, while objects are instances of classes.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties an...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Allows for easier testing by mocking dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between components

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection

Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary information.

• Abstraction helps in reducing complexity and increasing efficiency.

• It allows us to focus on the essential features of an object or system.

• For example, a car's dashboard abstracts the complex workings of the engine and presents only the necessary information to the driver.

• Abstraction can be achieved through interfaces, abstract classes, and encapsulation.

Singleton pattern ensures only one instance of a class is created and provides a global point of access to it.

• Prevents multiple instances of a class, saving memory and resources

• Provides a global point of access to the instance

• Useful for managing shared resources such as database connections or configuration settings

Bug life cycle is the process of identifying, reporting, fixing, retesting, and closing bugs in software development.

• Bug identification: Bug is identified by testers during testing.

• Bug reporting: Testers report the bug to developers with detailed information.

• Bug fixing: Developers analyze and fix the bug.

• Bug retesting: Testers verify if the bug is fixed.

• Bug closing: Once the bug is confirmed fixed, it is closed.

Test life cycle is the process of planning, designing, executing, and evaluating tests throughout the software development process.

• Test planning: Define test objectives, scope, and resources.

• Test design: Create test cases based on requirements and design documents.

• Test execution: Run test cases, report defects, and retest.

• Test evaluation: Analyze test results, provide feedback, and improve testing process.

• Examples: Unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance...read more

Routing in Angular is the process of navigating between different components and views based on the URL.

• Routing is used to create single-page applications in Angular.

• It allows users to navigate between different views without reloading the entire page.

• Routes are defined in the app-routing.module.ts file.

• Routes can have parameters that can be accessed in the component using ActivatedRoute.

• The router-outlet directive is used to display the component associated with the current ...read more

Count the number of words in a given string.

• Split the string by spaces to get an array of words

• Get the length of the array to get the count of words

• Handle edge cases like empty string or extra spaces

var is statically typed while dynamic is dynamically typed in C#.

• var is resolved at compile time while dynamic is resolved at runtime.

• var is used for implicitly typed local variables while dynamic is used for dynamic types.

• var cannot change its type once declared while dynamic can change its type at runtime.

A component is a reusable and independent part of a software system that performs a specific function.

• Components can be easily integrated into different parts of a system

• They promote reusability and modularity in software design

• Examples include buttons, input fields, and navigation bars in a web application

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variables and function declarations are moved to the top of their scope.

• Hoisting applies to both variable and function declarations.

• Variables declared with 'let' and 'const' are not hoisted.

• Function expressions are not hoisted, only function declarations are hoisted.

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior and should be avoided.

JavaScript is a programming language used to create interactive effects within web browsers.

• JavaScript is a client-side scripting language

• It is used to add interactivity to web pages

• It can manipulate HTML and CSS

• It can be used for server-side programming with Node.js

• It is often used in conjunction with libraries and frameworks like jQuery and React

Lifecycle refers to the stages of development and evolution of a product or system.

• Lifecycle includes planning, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• It is a continuous process that involves feedback and improvement.

• Examples include software development lifecycle, product lifecycle, and project lifecycle.

A directive is a marker in AngularJS that tells the HTML compiler to attach a specified behavior to a DOM element.

• Directives are used to create custom HTML tags that serve as new, reusable widgets.

• They can be used to manipulate the DOM, add event listeners, and create two-way data bindings.

• Examples of built-in directives include ng-repeat, ng-model, and ng-show.

• Directives can be restricted to only apply to elements, attributes, classes, or comments.

• They can also be used to cr...read more

Temp table is a temporary table that is created in memory or on disk to store data temporarily during a session.

• Temp tables are used to store intermediate results within a session.

• They are typically used in complex queries or procedures to improve performance.

• Temp tables are automatically dropped when the session ends or when explicitly dropped by the user.

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods together within a class, hiding the internal details from the outside world.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction and data hiding.

• It allows for better control over the access to the internal state of an object.

• By encapsulating data, we can protect it from being modified by external code.

• Encapsulation promotes code reusability and maintainability.

• Example: A class representing a bank account encapsulates the ...read more