Cyber Security Infotech Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What are custom hooks in React, and what are their use cases? Additionally, can you provide an example of a custom hook that performs an API call and utilizes the retrieved data?
Ans. 
Custom hooks in React are reusable functions that allow you to extract component logic into separate functions for better code organization and reusability.
• Custom hooks are created using the 'use' prefix and can be used to share logic between components.

• Use cases for custom hooks include fetching data from an API, handling form state, managing local storage, and more.

• Example of a custom hook for API call: const useFetc...read more
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Q2. What is the difference between useMemo and useCallback in React?
Ans. 
useMemo is used to memoize a value, while useCallback is used to memoize a function.
• useMemo is used to memoize a value and recompute it only when its dependencies change.

• useCallback is used to memoize a callback function and prevent unnecessary re-renders.

• Example: useMemo can be used to memoize the result of a complex computation, while useCallback can be used to memoize an event handler function.
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Q3. What is the difference between class-based components and functional components in React?
Ans. 
Class-based components use ES6 classes and have lifecycle methods, while functional components are simpler and use functions.
• Class-based components use ES6 classes to create components, while functional components are created using functions.

• Class-based components have lifecycle methods like componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate, while functional components do not.

• Functional components are simpler and more lightweig...read more
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Q4. How can you implement the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component?
Ans. 
Implementing the lifecycle of a React component in a functional component
• Use the useEffect hook to replicate lifecycle methods like componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and componentWillUnmount

• Pass an empty array as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidMount

• Pass a variable or state as the second argument to useEffect to mimic componentDidUpdate

• Return a cleanup function inside useEffect to mimic compo
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Q5. What are the various state management techniques available in React?
Ans. 
Various state management techniques in React include Context API, Redux, and local state.
• Context API: React's built-in solution for passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

• Redux: A popular state management library for React applications, allowing for a centralized store to manage application state.

• Local state: Managing state within individual components using us
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Q6. What is the architecture of Redux, and what purposes do middlewares serve within it?
Ans. 
Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. Middlewares are functions that intercept actions before they reach the reducer.
• Redux follows a unidirectional data flow architecture.

• Middlewares in Redux are functions that can intercept, modify, or dispatch actions.

• Common use cases for middlewares include logging, asynchronous API calls, and handling side effects.

• Examples of popular Redux middlewares are Redu...read more
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Q7. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Hoisting in JavaScript is the behavior where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase.
• Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their scope, but not their initializations.

• Function declarations are fully hoisted, meaning they can be called before they are declared.

• Hoisting can lead to unexpected behavior if not understood properly.
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Q8. What is event bubbling in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Event bubbling is the propagation of events from the target element up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.
• Events triggered on a child element will 'bubble up' and trigger on parent elements.

• Event listeners can be attached to parent elements to handle events from multiple child elements.

• Stopping event propagation can be done using event.stopPropagation() or event.stopImmediatePropagation().
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Q9. What are block scope and function scope in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Block scope and function scope are two types of scopes in JavaScript that determine the visibility and accessibility of variables.
• Block scope refers to the visibility of variables within a block of code enclosed by curly braces. Variables declared with 'let' and 'const' have block scope.

• Function scope refers to the visibility of variables within a function. Variables declared with 'var' have function scope.

• Variables de...read more
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Q10. Have you had experience working with semantic tags in HTML?
Ans. 
Yes, I have experience working with semantic tags in HTML.
• Used semantic tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, <article>, <aside>, <footer> for better structure and SEO.

• Understand the importance of using semantic tags for accessibility and search engine optimization.

• Semantic tags help in organizing content and making it more readable for developers and browsers.
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Q11. What are the various methods for creating an object in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Various methods for creating an object in JavaScript include object literals, constructor functions, ES6 classes, and Object.create() method.
• Object literals: var obj = { key: value };

• Constructor functions: function ObjectName() { this.key = value; } var obj = new ObjectName();

• ES6 classes: class ClassName { constructor() { this.key = value; } } var obj = new ClassName();

• Object.create() method: var obj = Object.create(pr
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Q12. What are the differences between shallow copy and deep copy in JavaScript?
Ans. 
Shallow copy only copies the references of nested objects, while deep copy creates new copies of nested objects.
• Shallow copy creates a new object but does not create copies of nested objects, only copies their references.

• Deep copy creates a new object and also creates new copies of all nested objects.

• Shallow copy can be achieved using Object.assign() or spread operator, while deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(
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Q13. What will be the output of the following JavaScript code fragment: `const a; function test() { console.log(a); }; test();`?
Ans. 
The code will throw an error because 'a' is declared but not initialized.
• The code will result in a ReferenceError because 'a' is declared but not assigned a value.

• Variables declared with 'const' must be initialized at the time of declaration.

• Initializing 'a' with a value before calling test() will prevent the error.
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Q14. How can you use CSS to arrange elements in a row and column layout?
Ans. 
CSS can be used to arrange elements in a row and column layout using flexbox or grid layout properties.
• Use display: flex; for a row layout and display: flex; flex-direction: column; for a column layout

• Use justify-content and align-items properties to align items in the main axis and cross axis respectively

• For grid layout, use display: grid; and grid-template-columns or grid-template-rows to define the layout
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Q15. Have you utilized CSS preprocessors, and if so, which ones?
Ans. 
Yes, I have utilized CSS preprocessors such as SASS and LESS.
• I have experience using SASS to streamline my CSS workflow by utilizing variables, mixins, and nesting.

• I have also worked with LESS to improve code organization and maintainability through features like variables and functions.
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Q16. If I have assigned different colors to an ID and a class and applied both to the same element, which color will be applied based on CSS specificity precedence?
Ans. 
The color applied will be based on the specificity of the selector, with ID having higher specificity than class.
• ID has higher specificity than class in CSS

• Color applied will be based on the selector with higher specificity

• Example: If ID selector has color red and class selector has color blue, the color applied will be red
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Q1. Tell about yourself
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Q2. Tell your experience about the company you noticed or absorbed since you entered here.
Ans. 
Since joining the company, I have noticed a strong focus on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement.
• Regular training sessions for employees to enhance customer service skills

• Feedback mechanisms in place to gather customer opinions and suggestions

• Implementation of new technologies to streamline customer interactions

• Company culture that values empathy and problem-solving
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Q1. What motivates you to seek a position in the BPO sector?
Ans. 
I am motivated to seek a position in the BPO sector because of the opportunity to interact with diverse customers and provide excellent service.
• Opportunity to interact with diverse customers

• Ability to provide excellent service

• Interest in problem-solving and communication skills

• Career growth and development opportunities

• Excitement about working in a fast-paced environment
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Q2. Tell about yourself.
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Q3. What is your understanding of customer service?
Ans. 
Customer service is the act of providing assistance and support to customers before, during, and after a purchase.
• Customer service involves actively listening to customers' needs and concerns.

• It requires empathy and patience to address customer issues effectively.

• Providing timely and accurate information to customers is essential for good customer service.

• Going above and beyond to exceed customer expectations can lead ...read more
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Q4. Where do you see yourself in the next five years?
Ans. 
In the next five years, I see myself growing within the company, taking on more responsibilities, and potentially moving into a leadership role.
• Continuing to excel in my current role as a Customer Care Executive

• Participating in training and development programs to enhance my skills

• Seeking opportunities for advancement within the company

• Building strong relationships with colleagues and customers

• Possibly transitioning in
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Q1. What do you know about Samsung and its products?
Ans. 
Samsung is a multinational conglomerate known for its electronics products such as smartphones, TVs, and home appliances.
• Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate

• It was founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul

• Samsung Electronics is the largest subsidiary of the company

• They produce a wide range of products including smartphones, TVs, home appliances, and more

• Popular Samsung products include the Galaxy smartphones, Q
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Q2. What do you understand by premium segment customers?
Ans. 
Premium segment customers are high-end customers who are willing to pay more for superior products or services.
• Premium segment customers are typically more affluent and have higher disposable income.

• They prioritize quality, exclusivity, and personalized service.

• Examples include luxury car buyers, high-end fashion shoppers, and first-class airline passengers.
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Q3. What do you know about artificial intelligence (AI)?
Ans. 
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.
• AI involves the development of algorithms that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

• Examples of AI include virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving cars, and recommendation systems like those used by Netflix and Amazon.

• AI can be categorized into narrow...read more
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The desktop test consisted of four different rounds, and a minimum score of 65 was required to pass.

Q1. Java coding output predict related questions , try catch , string concept
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Q2. Switch case
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Q3. Inheritance
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Q4. What challanges faced in automation
Ans. 
Challenges in automation include dynamic UI elements, data synchronization, and maintenance of test scripts.
• Dynamic UI elements can be challenging to automate as they may change frequently.

• Data synchronization between different systems can be difficult to achieve in automation.

• Maintenance of test scripts can be time-consuming, especially when application changes frequently.
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Q1. How to read the data and assert with db value in api automation
Ans. 
To read data and assert with db value in API automation, use API response to extract data and compare with database query result.
• Extract data from API response using JSON parsing libraries like Gson or Jackson

• Execute database query to retrieve expected value

• Compare the extracted data with the database value using assertion libraries like TestNG or JUnit
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Q2. 401 & 403 status code
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Q1. Managerial behavioural questions
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Q1. What is correlation and parameterization?
Ans. 
Correlation is the process of extracting dynamic values from server responses and passing them to subsequent requests. Parameterization is the process of replacing hard-coded values in scripts with variables.
• Correlation involves identifying and capturing dynamic values like session IDs or tokens from server responses.

• Parameterization involves replacing hard-coded values in scripts with variables to make them reusable a...read more
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Q2. Explain load, stress, all testing?
Ans. 
Load testing is to test the system under normal and peak load conditions, stress testing is to test the system beyond its limits, and all testing is a combination of both.
• Load testing checks the system's ability to handle expected load levels, ensuring performance under normal conditions.

• Stress testing pushes the system beyond its limits to identify breaking points and measure performance degradation.

• All testing combin...read more
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Q3. Explain PTLC?
Ans. 
PTLC stands for Performance Testing Life Cycle, which is a set of activities involved in the performance testing process.
• PTLC involves planning, preparation, execution, analysis, and reporting of performance tests.

• It includes defining performance goals, creating test scenarios, setting up test environments, running tests, analyzing results, and making recommendations.

• Example: In PTLC, performance engineers work closely...read more
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Q4. Loadrunner scripting, execution and reports issue faced and how to process?
Ans. 
Issues faced in Loadrunner scripting, execution, and reports
• Scripting: faced issues with correlation, parameterization, and dynamic data handling

• Execution: encountered problems with test environment setup, resource constraints, and test data management

• Reports: struggled with result analysis, performance bottlenecks identification, and report customization
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Q5. LG calculation and workload modelling process?
Ans. 
LG calculation and workload modelling process involves determining the number of Load Generators required and creating a realistic simulation of user behavior.
• Calculate the number of Load Generators needed based on expected user load and performance goals.

• Create workload models by analyzing user behavior patterns, transaction volumes, and system usage.

• Consider factors like peak load times, user distribution, and transa...read more
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Q6. NFR scenarios?
Ans. 
NFR scenarios refer to non-functional requirements that define the quality attributes of a system.
• NFR scenarios focus on aspects like performance, scalability, reliability, and security.

• Examples include load testing to assess system performance under expected load, stress testing to evaluate system behavior under extreme conditions, and security testing to identify vulnerabilities.

• NFR scenarios help ensure that the sys...read more
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Q1. Loadrunner questions
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Q1. Check your soft skills
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Q1. Complete your details
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Online assessment (Technical, English, Reasoning)

Q1. Difference between Balance sheet and trial balance
Ans. 
Balance sheet shows assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. Trial balance lists all ledger accounts with their balances.
• Balance sheet is a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time.

• Trial balance is a list of all ledger accounts with their balances to ensure debits equal credits.

• Balance sheet includes assets, liabilities, and equity sections.

• Trial balance is used to prep...read more
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Q2. Standard costing formula
Ans. 
Standard costing formula calculates the expected cost of a product based on predetermined standards.
• Standard costing formula includes direct materials, direct labor, and overhead costs.

• It helps in comparing actual costs with standard costs to identify variances.

• Formula: Standard Cost = Standard Quantity of Inputs x Standard Price of Inputs
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Q3. Journal entries for Prepaid Accruals Depreciation with accumulated depreciation concept Provision for Bad debts DTA and DTL
Ans. 
Explanation of journal entries for Prepaid, Accruals, Depreciation, Provision for Bad debts, DTA, and DTL.
• Prepaid expenses are initially recorded as assets and then expensed over time as they are used up.

• Accruals are expenses incurred but not yet paid or revenue earned but not yet received.

• Depreciation is the allocation of the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life, with accumulated depreciation representing the to...read more
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Q4. Case study on Ind AS 115
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Q5. Preparation of balance sheet and computation of various ratios
Ans. 
Preparation of balance sheet involves listing assets, liabilities, and equity. Ratios are computed using financial data from the balance sheet.
• List all assets, liabilities, and equity on the balance sheet

• Calculate various financial ratios such as current ratio, debt to equity ratio, and return on equity

• Use formulae like Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

• Interpret the ratios to analyze the financial he
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Q6. Accounting principles
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Q1. What is DTA and DTL
Ans. 
DTA stands for Deferred Tax Asset and DTL stands for Deferred Tax Liability.
• DTA is an asset recorded on a company's balance sheet that may be used to reduce taxable income in the future.

• DTL is a liability recorded on a company's balance sheet that represents taxes that have been accrued but not yet paid.

• DTA arises when a company has overpaid taxes or has tax deductions that exceed its taxable income.

• DTL arises when a c...read more
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Q2. Accounting entry for accumulated depreciation
Ans. 
Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account that represents the total depreciation expense taken on an asset since it was acquired.
• Accumulated depreciation is recorded on the balance sheet as a reduction from the gross amount of fixed assets to arrive at the net book value.

• The accounting entry for accumulated depreciation involves debiting the depreciation expense account and crediting the accumulated depreciati...read more
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Q3. Few resume based questions
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Q4. Standard costing formula
Ans. 
Standard costing formula calculates the expected cost of a product based on predetermined standards.
• Standard costing formula = Standard cost of direct materials + Standard cost of direct labor + Standard manufacturing overhead cost

• Standard cost of direct materials = Standard quantity of materials x Standard price per unit

• Standard cost of direct labor = Standard hours of labor x Standard rate per hour

• Standard manufactur...read more
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Q5. Difference between budgeting and forecasting
Ans. 
Budgeting involves setting financial goals and allocating resources, while forecasting predicts future financial outcomes based on past data and trends.
• Budgeting is a plan for how to allocate resources and achieve financial goals

• Forecasting predicts future financial outcomes based on past data and trends

• Budgeting is typically done on an annual basis, while forecasting can be done on a shorter or longer term basis

• Budget...read more
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Q6. Meaning of variance analysis
Ans. 
Variance analysis is a technique used to identify and analyze the difference between planned financial outcomes and actual results.
• Variance analysis helps in understanding the reasons for deviations from budgeted or expected figures.

• It involves comparing actual financial performance with budgeted or standard performance.

• Common types of variances include price variance, quantity variance, and mix variance.

• Variance analy...read more
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Basic quant and reasoning questions
Selenium MCQ
Java programs with MCQ

Q1. Tell me about yourself
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Q2. Where you initialise driver
Ans. 
The driver is typically initialized in the setup method of a test automation framework.
• Driver initialization is usually done in a setup method before test execution.

• Commonly used methods for driver initialization include WebDriverManager, System.setProperty, and driver instantiation.

• Example: WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
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Q3. Driver is static or non static
Ans. 
Driver can be both static and non-static depending on the context of its usage.
• Driver class can be static if it is used to initiate the WebDriver instance in a test automation framework.

• Driver class can be non-static if it is used as an instance variable within a test class.

• Static driver can be accessed directly without creating an object of the class.

• Non-static driver requires an object of the class to be created befo
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Q4. Difference between static and non static
Ans. 
Static variables belong to the class itself, while non-static variables belong to instances of the class.
• Static variables are shared among all instances of a class

• Non-static variables are unique to each instance of a class

• Static variables are initialized only once, at the start of the program

• Non-static variables are initialized separately for each instance of the class
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Q5. Disadvantages of static and non static
Ans. 
Static and non-static have their own disadvantages in QA automation testing.
• Static methods cannot be overridden or inherited, making it difficult to create flexible test cases.

• Non-static methods require an instance of the class to be created, which can lead to increased memory usage.

• Static methods can lead to tight coupling between classes, making it harder to maintain and update the code.

• Non-static methods may have de...read more
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Q6. Parallel execution in TestNG
Ans. 
TestNG allows parallel execution of test cases to save time and improve efficiency.
• TestNG provides the 'parallel' attribute in the testng.xml file to specify the level of parallelism for test execution.

• Parallel execution can be achieved at the test level, class level, method level, or suite level.

• TestNG also supports parallel execution of tests across multiple classes or suites using the 'parallel' attribute in the sui...read more
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Q7. Write the code for Parallel testing in TestNG
Ans. 
Parallel testing in TestNG allows running tests concurrently for faster execution.
• Use 'parallel' attribute in testng.xml file to specify parallel execution mode.

• Set 'parallel' attribute to 'methods', 'classes', or 'tests' based on the level of parallelism needed.

• Example: <suite name='MySuite' parallel='tests'>

• Use 'thread-count' attribute to specify the number of threads to use for parallel execution.
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Q8. Difference between parallel methods and parallel tests
Ans. 
Parallel methods run multiple methods concurrently within a single test, while parallel tests run multiple tests concurrently.
• Parallel methods execute multiple methods within a single test class concurrently.

• Parallel tests execute multiple test classes concurrently.

• Parallel methods are useful for speeding up the execution of a single test, while parallel tests are useful for running multiple tests faster.

• Example: Runni...read more
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Q9. Upload file using rest assured
Ans. 
Use Rest Assured to upload a file
• Use the given file path to create a File object

• Use MultiPartSpecBuilder to build the request with the file

• Send the request using Rest Assured's given(), when(), and post() methods
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Q10. Postman basic questions
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Q11. Parameter for post method in postman
Ans. 
The parameter for a POST method in Postman is typically sent in the request body.
• Parameters are sent in the request body in key-value pairs

• Parameters can be sent as form-data, x-www-form-urlencoded, or raw JSON

• Example: {"key": "value"}
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Q12. BDD Framework cucumber
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Q13. Cucumber execution process
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Q14. How cucumber know step defination file placed
Ans. 
Cucumber knows the step definition file based on the annotations provided in the feature files.
• Cucumber uses annotations like @Given, @When, @Then to map steps in feature files to corresponding step definition methods.

• Step definition files are typically placed in a separate package or directory within the project structure.

• Cucumber scans the project directory for step definition files based on the package structure and
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Q15. Parameters used in cucumber
Ans. 
Parameters used in cucumber are used to pass values to the step definitions in feature files.
• Parameters are defined in feature files using < > syntax

• Parameters can be passed to step definitions using Regular Expressions

• Parameters can be used to make scenarios more reusable and dynamic
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Q16. Datatable in cucumber
Ans. 
Datatable in Cucumber is used to pass multiple sets of data to a step definition in a scenario.
• Datatables are defined using pipes (|) to separate values

• Each row in the datatable represents a set of data passed to the step definition

• Datatables can be used for parameterization and data-driven testing
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Q17. Have u created the testplan document when porject was started
Ans. 
Yes, I have created the test plan document at the start of the project.
• Yes, I always create a test plan document at the beginning of a project to outline the testing approach and strategy.

• The test plan document includes details on scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and test cases.

• It helps in ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned on the testing process and expectations.

• For example, in my previous project, I cr...read more
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Q18. Testing cycle when project was on initial level
Ans. 
During the initial testing cycle of a project, focus is on establishing test cases, setting up test environments, and identifying potential issues.
• Creating test cases based on requirements

• Setting up test environments

• Identifying potential issues and risks

• Executing test cases and reporting defects

• Collaborating with developers to resolve issues
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Q19. Risk management and risk based testing
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Q20. Which estimate technique you follow , if fibonacci then why it is in 1 2 3 5 8 13 ?? Not in 12345678
Ans. 
Fibonacci sequence is a mathematical pattern where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.
• Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

• The sequence starts with 1, 2, then each subsequent number is the sum of the two previous numbers (1+2=3, 2+3=5, 3+5=8, and so on).

• This sequence is used in estimating because it reflects natural growth patterns found in natur
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Q21. What is testing matrix and automation ROI
Ans. 
Testing matrix is a tool used to track test coverage and automation ROI is the return on investment from implementing automation testing.
• Testing matrix is a visual representation of test cases, test scenarios, and their coverage across different platforms, browsers, devices, etc.

• Automation ROI is the measure of the benefits gained from automation testing compared to the costs incurred in implementing and maintaining th...read more
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Q22. Cicd tool
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Q23. Handle team ?
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