Capgemini ml engineer Interview Questions and Answers

SQL joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

• F...read more

Delete removes a record entirely, while update modifies an existing record.

• Delete removes the entire record from the database

• Update modifies specific fields of an existing record

• Delete is irreversible, while update can be undone by another update

• Example: Deleting a user account vs updating the user's email address

Linear regression is a statistical method used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

• Linear regression aims to find the best-fitting straight line that describes the relationship between variables.

• It is commonly used for predicting numerical values based on input features.

• The equation for a simple linear regression model is y = mx + b, where y is the dependent vari...read more

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression tasks.

• SVM finds the hyperplane that best separates different classes in the feature space

• It works by maximizing the margin between the closest data points from different classes

• SVM can handle non-linear data by using kernel functions to map data into higher-dimensional space

• Examples: classifying emails as spam...read more

Object detection identifies objects in an image, while segmentation assigns a label to each pixel in the image.

• Object detection involves identifying and locating objects within an image, often using bounding boxes.

• Segmentation assigns a class label to each pixel in the image, creating a pixel-wise mask for each object.

• Object detection is typically used when the goal is to identify and locate multiple objects in an imag...read more

Camera sensors use various technologies such as CMOS and CCD to capture images.

• CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensors are commonly used in modern digital cameras for their low power consumption and high image quality.

• CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensors are another type of sensor used in some cameras, known for their high-quality images but higher power consumption.

• Other technologies used in camera senso...read more

Precision is the ratio of correctly predicted positive observations to the total predicted positive observations, while Recall is the ratio of correctly predicted positive observations to the all observations in actual class.

• Precision focuses on the accuracy of positive predictions, while Recall focuses on the proportion of actual positives that were correctly identified.

• Precision = TP / (TP + FP)

• Recall = TP / (TP + FN...read more

Hyperparameters of Random Forest include number of trees, max depth of trees, minimum samples per leaf, and maximum features.

• Number of trees: Determines the number of decision trees in the forest.

• Max depth of trees: Controls the maximum depth of each decision tree.

• Minimum samples per leaf: Specifies the minimum number of samples required to be at a leaf node.

• Maximum features: Determines the maximum number of features t

Python decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods.

• Decorators are denoted by the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

• They are commonly used for adding functionality to existing functions without modifying their code.

• Decorators can be used for logging, timing, authentication, caching, etc.

• Example: @staticmethod decorator in Python is used to define a method that is not bo

LLAMA models are used for large language model adaptation.

• LLAMA models are used for adapting large language models to specific tasks or domains.

• They are commonly used in natural language processing tasks such as text generation, translation, and sentiment analysis.

• Examples of LLAMA models include GPT-3, BERT, and RoBERTa.