UST Verification Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What are storage class
Ans. 
Storage classes in C specify the scope and lifetime of variables.
• Storage classes include auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto variables are local to a block and have automatic storage duration.

• Register variables are stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static variables retain their value between function calls.

• Extern variables are declared in one file and can be used in another file.
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Q2. Explain structure program
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A structure program is a program that uses structures to group related data together.
• Structures in C programming allow you to group related data together under one name.

• You can define a structure using the 'struct' keyword.

• Structures can contain different data types, including int, float, char, and even other structures.

• You can access the members of a structure using the dot operator.

• Example: struct employee { int id; ...read more
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Q1. Why are you interested in the field of embedded software development?
Ans. 
I am fascinated by the challenge of working with low-level hardware and creating efficient, real-time systems.
• Enjoy the challenge of working with low-level hardware

• Excited about creating efficient, real-time systems

• Passionate about developing innovative solutions for embedded systems
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Q2. What is CAN protocol?
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CAN protocol stands for Controller Area Network protocol, used for communication between microcontrollers and devices in automotive and industrial applications.
• CAN protocol is a robust and reliable communication protocol used in automotive and industrial applications.

• It allows multiple microcontrollers to communicate with each other without a host computer.

• CAN protocol uses a differential signaling scheme to reduce ele...read more
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Q1. What is binary coded decimal?
Ans. 
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is a way of representing decimal numbers using a binary code.
• BCD uses four bits to represent each decimal digit.

• Each decimal digit is represented by its binary equivalent.

• For example, the decimal number 25 is represented in BCD as 0010 0101.
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Q2. How keyboard mapping works in a microcontroller?
Ans. 
Keyboard mapping in a microcontroller involves assigning specific key codes to each key on the keyboard.
• Keyboard mapping is typically done using a lookup table that maps physical key presses to corresponding key codes.

• The microcontroller reads the key code when a key is pressed and sends it to the computer for processing.

• Keyboards may use different mapping standards such as ASCII or HID.

• Custom keyboard mappings can als...read more
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Q3. What is the principle of analog to digital converter?
Ans. 
An analog to digital converter converts continuous analog signals into discrete digital values.
• Converts continuous analog signals into digital values

• Utilizes sampling and quantization techniques

• Common types include successive approximation ADC and delta-sigma ADC
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Q1. What is polymorphism
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Q2. What is inheritance
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Q1. Discussion about salary and bond
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Q1. Types of error messages in CAN protocol
Ans. 
Types of error messages in CAN protocol
• Bit Error: Error in a single bit of the message

• Stuff Error: Error in the stuffing bits

• CRC Error: Error in the cyclic redundancy check

• Form Error: Error in the message format

• Acknowledge Error: Error in the acknowledgement of the message
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Q2. Bit arbitration and its significance
Ans. 
Bit arbitration is the process of resolving conflicts when multiple devices try to access the same bus simultaneously.
• Bit arbitration is important in multi-master systems where multiple devices can initiate data transfer.

• It ensures that only one device gains control of the bus at a time.

• Different arbitration schemes include priority-based, round-robin, and collision detection.

• For example, in a CAN bus system, the devic...read more
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Q3. Difference between normal can and extended can
Ans. 
CAN is a communication protocol used in automotive and industrial applications. Normal CAN has 11-bit identifier while Extended CAN has 29-bit identifier.
• Normal CAN has 11-bit identifier while Extended CAN has 29-bit identifier.

• Extended CAN allows for more unique identifiers, enabling more devices to communicate on the same network.

• Normal CAN has a maximum data rate of 1 Mbps while Extended CAN has a maximum data rate ...read more
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Q4. Why can bus uses 120 ohm resistance
Ans. 
120 ohm resistance is used in CAN bus to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
• CAN bus is a differential signaling system that requires a balanced impedance to prevent signal reflections.

• The 120 ohm resistance matches the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which is typically 120 ohms.

• Without the proper impedance matching, signal reflections can cause data errors and reduce the maxi...read more
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Q1. Explain diagnostic protocols
Ans. 
Diagnostic protocols are a set of rules and procedures used to identify and troubleshoot problems in a system.
• Diagnostic protocols are used in various fields such as automotive, medical, and computer networking.

• They involve a series of tests and measurements to identify the root cause of a problem.

• Diagnostic protocols can be manual or automated, depending on the complexity of the system.

• Examples of diagnostic protocols...read more
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Q1. Microprocessor vs microcontrollers
Ans. 
Microprocessors are general-purpose processors while microcontrollers are specialized processors for specific tasks.
• Microprocessors are used in computers and smartphones, while microcontrollers are used in embedded systems like washing machines and traffic lights.

• Microprocessors have separate memory and I/O devices, while microcontrollers have integrated memory, I/O ports, and peripherals.

• Microprocessors require extern...read more
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Q2. Bit swapping and bit clear ,toggle,set
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Q1. Project related questions
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Q1. Basic hr question, salary,negative and postive of a person
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Easy test. Not hard at all. Can crack easily

Q1. Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor
Ans. 
Microcontroller is a self-contained system with memory, peripherals and processor. Microprocessor is a CPU only.
• Microcontroller has on-chip memory and peripherals, while microprocessor requires external memory and peripherals

• Microcontroller is used in embedded systems, while microprocessor is used in general-purpose computing

• Examples of microcontrollers include Arduino, PIC, and AVR, while examples of microprocessors i
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Q2. Resume based questions
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Q1. Basic c programming definitions
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Basic c programming coding questions

Q1. Asked for package
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Q1. He asked salary
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Q1. About SIGNALLING INTERLOCKING PRINCIPLES , TOC , SIP PREPARATION RULES , DOCUMENTATION, SQUARE SHEETS AND ONE ROUTE ONE TRAIN MOVEMENT, RELAYS AND TRACK CIRCUITS AND TRACK LOCK-IN, AXLE COUNTERS AND OTHER ...read more
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Q1. Technical round conducts from client side and same topics
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Q1. Nominal/formal interview negotiation of package and other benifits
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