90+ Interview Questions and Answers

I would highlight the unique features and benefits of my pen and demonstrate its superiority over other options.

• Emphasize the pen's durability and longevity compared to other options

• Highlight any special features such as a comfortable grip or smooth writing

• Demonstrate the pen's versatility for different writing tasks

• Offer a competitive price or bundle deal to sweeten the deal

• Provide positive customer reviews or testimonials to build trust

• Offer a satisfaction guarantee to alle...read more

Stop the process immediately and investigate the cause of emulsion formation.

• Stop the agitation and allow the emulsion to settle.

• Analyze the composition of the batch to identify the cause of emulsion formation.

• Adjust the process parameters such as temperature, pH, or mixing speed to prevent emulsion formation in future batches.

• Consider using additives or surfactants to stabilize the emulsion.

• Consult with experts or colleagues for advice on how to prevent emulsion formation.

Crystallization is the formation of crystals from a solution, while precipitation is the formation of solid particles from a solution.

• Crystallization involves the formation of a crystal lattice structure, while precipitation does not.

• Crystallization is a more controlled process, while precipitation can be more random.

• Crystallization is often used in the production of pharmaceuticals, while precipitation is used in wastewater treatment.

• Crystallization can be induced by cooling...read more

Explaining name reactions, acid and bases, and pH in detail with examples and mechanisms.

• Name reactions are organic chemical reactions named after their discoverers or developers.

• Examples of name reactions include the Grignard reaction, Friedel-Crafts reaction, and Diels-Alder reaction.

• Acids are substances that donate hydrogen ions, while bases are substances that accept hydrogen ions.

• The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, with a pH of 7 being neutral.

• My...read more

Micronization is the process of reducing particle size to micrometer range, while multimill is a type of milling equipment used for size reduction.

• Micronization is used to improve solubility, bioavailability, and stability of drugs.

• Multimill is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for granulation and size reduction of materials.

• Micronization can be achieved through various methods such as jet milling, ball milling, and spray drying.

• Multimill operates on the principle ...read more

Yes, I am familiar with CAPA process and validation deviation process.

• CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) process is a quality management system used to identify, investigate, and resolve quality issues.

• Validation deviation process is used to document and investigate any deviations from the validated process or procedure.

• Both processes are important in ensuring quality and compliance in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

• Examples of CAPA pro...read more

My interest area in biotechnology is genetic engineering.

• I am fascinated by the potential of genetic engineering to modify and manipulate DNA.

• I have a keen interest in studying how genetic engineering can be used to develop new treatments and therapies.

• I am particularly interested in the ethical implications of genetic engineering and its impact on society.

• I have experience working with CRISPR-Cas9 technology and have conducted research on gene editing in plants.

• I am excited ...read more

I would review the method development process, identify potential errors or issues, and troubleshoot to determine the cause of the discrepancy.

• Review the method development process to ensure all steps were followed correctly

• Check for any potential errors in the experimental setup or data analysis

• Verify the accuracy of the instruments and equipment used

• Consult with colleagues or experts for input and advice

• Perform additional experiments or tests to validate the results

Key aspects of my project work include organic conversions, oxidizing and reducing reagents, rate of reaction, laws of thermodynamics, and reaction steps in synthesis.

• Organic conversions are essential in my project work, involving the transformation of organic compounds into different products.

• Oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and reducing reagents like sodium borohydride play crucial roles in the conversion process.

• The rate of reaction refers to how quickly reac...read more

Acid is stored in glass containers instead of iron containers to prevent chemical reactions that could contaminate the acid or cause dangerous reactions.

• Glass is non-reactive with most acids, preventing contamination of the acid.

• Iron containers can react with acids, leading to the formation of potentially dangerous byproducts.

• Glass containers are more chemically inert and do not corrode when in contact with acids.

• Using glass containers helps maintain the purity and stability ...read more

Bound moisture refers to water molecules that are chemically attached to a substance.

• Bound moisture cannot be removed by simple drying methods.

• It is often found in pharmaceuticals, food products, and other materials.

• Bound moisture can affect the stability and shelf life of a product.

• It is important to measure and control bound moisture levels in manufacturing processes.

The number of plates in a sparkler filter varies depending on the size and capacity of the filter.

• The number of plates can range from a few to several hundred.

• The size and capacity of the filter determine the number of plates needed.

• The plates are typically made of stainless steel or other durable materials.

• The plates are arranged in a stack and held together by a central rod.

• The filter is used to remove impurities from liquids in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, f...read more

I am known for my ability to inspire and motivate others to achieve their goals.

• I have a natural talent for identifying people's strengths and helping them to develop those strengths.

• I am a skilled communicator and can effectively convey my ideas and vision to others.

• I have a positive attitude and am able to maintain a sense of optimism even in challenging situations.

• I lead by example and am always willing to roll up my sleeves and get to work alongside my team.

• I have a track...read more

GC is a technique used for separating and analyzing compounds in a mixture, with various instrumentation and carrier gases. GCMS, DSC, NMR, and LCMS are related techniques.

• Gas Chromatography (GC) is a technique used to separate and analyze compounds in a mixture based on their interaction with a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

• Common carrier gases used in GC include helium, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

• GC instrumentation includes a column, injector, detector, and oven for tempe...read more

Tablets are solid dosage forms containing active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Granulations are agglomerates of powder particles. Chromatography is a technique used for separating and analyzing mixtures.

• Tablets are oral solid dosage forms used for delivering medication.

• Granulations are formed by agglomerating powder particles to improve flow properties and compressibility.

• Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures based on their different...read more

Precautions for UV analysis include wearing protective gear, calibrating equipment, and avoiding contamination.

• Wear appropriate protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and lab coat to prevent exposure to UV radiation.

• Calibrate UV equipment regularly to ensure accurate readings.

• Avoid contamination by cleaning all surfaces and equipment thoroughly before starting the analysis.

• Handle UV-sensitive samples carefully to prevent degradation or alteration of the sample.

• Work in a wel...read more

Retrospective validation is the process of validating a system or process after it has been in use.

• It involves analyzing historical data to ensure that the system or process has been consistently meeting its intended requirements and specifications.

• It is often used when a system or process was not validated before it was put into use.

• Retrospective validation can also be used to identify areas for improvement and to update validation protocols.

• Examples include validating a man...read more

I have extensive exposure to quality systems and CSV.

• I have implemented and maintained quality systems such as ISO 9001 and GMP.

• I have experience in Computer System Validation (CSV) for regulated industries.

• I have conducted CSV audits and ensured compliance with regulatory requirements.

• I have trained teams on quality systems and CSV best practices.

• I have worked with cross-functional teams to ensure quality and compliance in all aspects of the business.

Area or equipment clearance involves thorough cleaning and inspection to ensure safety and quality standards are met.

• Start by removing all items from the area or equipment being cleared.

• Clean the area or equipment using appropriate cleaning agents and tools.

• Inspect the area or equipment for any damage, wear and tear, or contamination.

• Document the clearance process and any findings for record-keeping purposes.

• Ensure proper disposal of any waste or contaminated materials.

• Perfor...read more

Yes, I am capable of handling plant.

• I have experience in managing HR functions in a plant setting.

• I am familiar with the unique challenges and requirements of plant operations.

• I have successfully implemented HR strategies and initiatives in plant environments.

• I have worked closely with plant managers and employees to address HR issues specific to the plant.

• I have a strong understanding of plant operations and how HR can support and contribute to their success.

RO cleaning frequency depends on various factors such as feed water quality, usage, and maintenance schedule.

• RO cleaning frequency should be determined based on the feed water quality and usage.

• RO systems should be cleaned regularly to prevent fouling and scaling.

• Maintenance schedule should also be considered when determining RO cleaning frequency.

• RO cleaning frequency can range from every 3 months to once a year depending on the above factors.

• Regular monitoring of RO perform...read more

ETP flow diagram and input/output parameters

• ETP stands for Effluent Treatment Plant

• The flow diagram includes primary, secondary and tertiary treatment processes

• Input parameters include pH, temperature, BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease

• Output parameters include pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, oil and grease

• The treated water is discharged into a nearby water body or reused for non-potable purposes

OOS stands for Out of Specification. Cleaning Validation is the process of ensuring that equipment and facilities are properly cleaned.

• OOS refers to a result that falls outside the specifications or acceptance criteria for a product or process.

• Cleaning Validation is a documented process that ensures equipment and facilities are cleaned to prevent contamination.

• It involves establishing cleaning procedures, selecting appropriate cleaning agents, and testing for residual contami...read more

We have used non-toxic and biodegradable cleaners in RO.

• We prioritize the use of non-toxic and biodegradable cleaners to minimize environmental impact.

• Examples of cleaners we have used include citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and vinegar.

• We avoid using harsh chemicals that can damage the RO membrane or contaminate the water.

• We follow manufacturer's recommendations for cleaning frequency and procedures.

• We ensure proper disposal of used cleaning solutions according to local regu...read more

Quality assurance is the process of ensuring that a product or service meets the desired level of quality.

• It involves creating and implementing quality standards and procedures.

• It includes testing and evaluating products or services to ensure they meet the desired level of quality.

• It also involves identifying and addressing any issues or defects that may arise.

• Examples include software testing, product inspections, and customer feedback analysis.

CPP parameters refer to Critical Process Parameters which have a significant impact on Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) in manufacturing processes.

• CPP parameters are specific process variables that must be controlled within a certain range to ensure product quality.

• Examples of CPP parameters include temperature, pressure, flow rate, and mixing speed.

• The impact of CPP parameters on CQA can be seen in the final product characteristics such as strength, purity, and stability.

My favorite subject in M.Pharma is Pharmacology.

• I am fascinated by the study of how drugs interact with the body and their effects.

• I enjoy learning about the mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of different drugs.

• Pharmacology also involves understanding drug interactions, adverse effects, and dosage regimens.

• One of my favorite topics within Pharmacology is pharmacokinetics, which deals with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

• I find it interesting t...read more

Medical coding involves assigning alphanumeric codes to medical diagnoses, procedures, and services for billing and insurance purposes.

• Medical coding involves assigning codes to diagnoses (ICD-10-CM), procedures (CPT), and services (HCPCS)

• Largest organ in the body is the skin

• Endocrine system includes glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands

• Reproductive system includes organs like the ovaries, uterus, and testes

• Types of body systems include respiratory, cardiovas...read more

Reduce ammonical nitrogen in ETP by optimizing pH, aeration, and using biological treatments.

• Optimize pH levels to reduce ammonical nitrogen

• Increase aeration to promote biological activity

• Use biological treatments like activated sludge process or biofilters

• Regularly monitor and maintain the ETP system

• Implement source control measures to reduce nitrogen input

• Consider using chemical treatments like ion exchange or reverse osmosis

• Ensure proper disposal of treated effluent

Batch charging processing refers to the process of charging multiple items at once.

• Batch charging processing is commonly used in industries such as manufacturing and logistics.

• It involves charging multiple items simultaneously, which can save time and increase efficiency.

• Examples of batch charging processing include charging multiple electric vehicles at a charging station or charging multiple batteries in a warehouse.

• Batch charging processing can also refer to the process of...read more

There are several classes of solvents, including polar, nonpolar, protic, aprotic, and supercritical fluids.

• Polar solvents dissolve polar compounds and have a dipole moment, such as water and ethanol.

• Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds and lack a dipole moment, such as hexane and benzene.

• Protic solvents have a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom and can donate hydrogen bonds, such as methanol and acetic acid.

• Aprotic solvents lack a hydrogen atom attach...read more

Water balance details and reducing water consumption are important for environmental sustainability.

• Water balance details involve measuring the amount of water used and discharged in a facility.

• Reducing water consumption can be achieved through implementing water-efficient technologies and practices.

• Examples of water-efficient technologies include low-flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems, and water recycling systems.

• Practices such as fixing leaks, using drought-resista...read more

Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict fluid flow patterns and turbulence.

• It is used to determine whether a fluid flow is laminar or turbulent

• It is calculated using the fluid velocity, density, viscosity, and characteristic length

• Higher Reynolds number indicates turbulent flow while lower indicates laminar flow

• It is named after Osborne Reynolds, a British physicist and engineer

Process validation is the documented evidence that a process is consistently producing a product that meets predetermined specifications and quality attributes.

• Process validation is a critical step in ensuring product quality and safety.

• It involves establishing documented evidence that a process is capable of consistently producing a product that meets predetermined specifications and quality attributes.

• Process validation typically involves three stages: process design, proce...read more

Ethylene oxide should be handled with extreme caution due to its high toxicity and flammability.

• Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators

• Store ethylene oxide in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition

• Handle ethylene oxide in a fume hood or other well-ventilated area

• Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors

• In case of a spill, contain the area and follow appropriate cleanup procedures

• Train employee...read more

The disintegration times of each type are the time it takes for a substance to break down into smaller particles.

• Disintegration time refers to the time it takes for a substance to disintegrate or break down into smaller particles.

• It is an important factor to consider in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, where the disintegration time of a tablet or capsule affects its effectiveness.

• Different types of substances may have different disintegration times based on their ...read more

Hazardous area classification is the process of identifying and categorizing areas where explosive atmospheres may occur.

• It involves assessing the likelihood of explosive atmospheres based on the presence of flammable gases, vapors, or dusts.

• The classification system is based on the frequency and duration of the hazardous atmosphere.

• Different types of equipment and protective measures are required for each classification zone.

• Examples of hazardous areas include oil refineries...read more

The annual report submission procedure for USFDA approved products involves compiling data on product performance, safety, and compliance with regulations.

• Compile data on product performance, safety, and compliance with USFDA regulations

• Submit the annual report to the USFDA within the specified deadline

• Include information on any changes in manufacturing processes or product labeling

• Ensure all data submitted is accurate and up-to-date

A device used to extinguish small fires by releasing chemicals or water.

• Fire extinguishers come in different types, such as water, foam, powder, and CO2.

• They are typically found in public buildings, homes, and vehicles.

• Fire extinguishers should be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure they are in working condition.

• They are designed to be used on small fires and should not be used on large or spreading fires.

• The acronym PASS (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep) is commonly used ...read more

I am a Quality Control Analyst with experience in ensuring product quality and compliance.

• Experienced in conducting quality control tests and inspections

• Proficient in analyzing data and identifying trends or issues

• Skilled in creating and implementing quality control procedures

• Strong attention to detail and accuracy

• Effective communication and collaboration skills

• Ability to prioritize tasks and meet deadlines

• Familiarity with industry regulations and standards

• Experience with qua...read more

I have extensive experience in implementing training technology and ensuring compliance.

• Developed and implemented training programs for new software systems at previous company

• Ensured compliance with industry regulations and company policies through regular audits and training sessions

• Collaborated with IT department to troubleshoot any technical issues during implementation

• Trained and coached team members on new technology and compliance procedures

The water system in place is a centralized water supply system managed by the local municipality.

• Centralized water supply system managed by local municipality

• Water is sourced from reservoirs or groundwater

• Water is treated and distributed through a network of pipes to homes and businesses

A tablet is a portable computer that uses a touchscreen as its primary input device.

• A tablet typically has a larger screen than a smartphone but is smaller than a laptop.

• It can be used for browsing the internet, watching videos, playing games, and running apps.

• Examples of popular tablets include the iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, and Microsoft Surface.

• Tablets can be connected to the internet via Wi-Fi or cellular data.

• They often have front and rear-facing cameras for taking photos...read more

Calibration of instruments in the pharma industry ensures accurate and reliable measurements.

• Calibration is the process of comparing the measurements of an instrument to a known standard.

• It is essential to calibrate instruments regularly to maintain accuracy and reliability.

• Calibration procedures vary depending on the type of instrument and its intended use.

• Instruments commonly calibrated in the pharma industry include pH meters, balances, spectrophotometers, and temperature ...read more

Enumeration procedure for biological indicators involves inoculating the indicator with a known number of spores and then counting the surviving spores after exposure to a sterilization process.

• Inoculate the biological indicator with a known number of spores

• Expose the indicator to a sterilization process

• Count the surviving spores to determine the effectiveness of the sterilization process

• Examples of biological indicators include Bacillus stearothermophilus and Geobacillus ste...read more

Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule.

• Molecular weight is expressed in atomic mass units (amu).

• It is important in determining the physical and chemical properties of a compound.

• Organic compounds can have varying molecular weights depending on their composition.

• Examples of organic compounds and their molecular weights include ethanol (46.07 amu), glucose (180.16 amu), and benzene (78.11 amu).

The Factory Act is a UK law that regulates working conditions in factories.

• The act was first introduced in 1833 and has been updated several times since then.

• It covers issues such as working hours, health and safety, and child labor.

• The act requires employers to provide a safe working environment and to ensure that machinery is properly maintained.

• It also sets out rules for the employment of women and children, including restrictions on the hours they can work.

• The act is enfo...read more

Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than x-rays.

• Ultraviolet radiation

• Visible light

• Infrared radiation

• Microwaves

• Radio waves

KBr is used in IR analysis to prepare samples for analysis by creating a transparent pellet.

• KBr is used as a diluent to mix with the sample being analyzed

• It helps to create a transparent pellet which allows for accurate analysis of the sample

• KBr has a wide transmission range in the infrared spectrum

• It is chemically inert and does not interfere with the sample being analyzed

Mesh can be measured by counting the number of openings per inch or centimeter.

• Count the number of openings in a linear inch or centimeter

• Use a mesh gauge to measure the size of the openings

• Measure the thickness of the wire used to make the mesh

• Calculate the open area of the mesh

• Compare the mesh to a standard reference chart

I'm sorry, I need more context. Permits for what?

• Please provide more information about the context of the permits.

• Are you referring to permits for a specific industry or activity?

• Without additional information, I cannot provide an accurate answer.

Micronization is the process of reducing particle size to improve solubility, bioavailability, and stability of drugs.

• Micronization is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug performance.

• It involves reducing the particle size of a drug to less than 10 microns.

• This process can improve the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of drugs.

• Examples of drugs that have been micronized include ibuprofen, naproxen, and danazol.

Contamination can be classified into three main types: chemical, biological, and physical.

• Chemical contamination involves the presence of harmful chemicals in a substance or environment.

• Biological contamination refers to the presence of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

• Physical contamination occurs when foreign objects like glass, metal, or plastic are present in a substance.

The least count of a vernier caliper is the smallest measurement that can be read on the scale.

• The least count is determined by the number of divisions on the vernier scale and the main scale.

• For example, if the main scale has divisions of 1 mm and the vernier scale has 10 divisions that match up with 9 divisions on the main scale, the least count would be 0.1 mm.

• The least count is important for accurately measuring small distances or objects.

• It is important to properly zero ...read more

IPQA stands for In-Process Quality Assurance. It involves monitoring and inspecting the quality of products during the manufacturing process.

• IPQA ensures that products meet quality standards at every stage of production

• It involves conducting inspections, tests, and audits to identify and address any quality issues

• IPQA helps in preventing defects and ensuring compliance with regulations and standards

• Examples include checking the weight, dimensions, and appearance of products d...read more

ZLD compliance requires a comprehensive approach to wastewater management.

• Implementing advanced treatment technologies to reduce wastewater volume and contaminants

• Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes

• Ensuring proper disposal of residual solids

• Complying with local regulations and obtaining necessary permits

• Regular monitoring and reporting of wastewater quality and discharge

• Training employees on proper handling and management of wastewater

MEE choke ups regularly due to various reasons

• Inadequate maintenance

• Improper operation

• Scaling and fouling

• High inlet steam pressure

• Low feedwater flow rate

• Poor quality of feedwater

• Excessive dissolved solids in feedwater

• Corrosion and erosion

• Design flaws

• Inadequate monitoring and control

• Inefficient steam traps

• Inadequate insulation

• Improper venting

• Inadequate preheating

• Inadequate chemical treatment

• Inadequate blowdown

• Inadequate condensate return

• Inadequate cooling

• Inadequate safety meas...read more

Equipment cleaning involves thorough disinfection and sterilization to prevent contamination.

• Use appropriate cleaning agents and disinfectants recommended for the specific equipment

• Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning and maintenance

• Regularly inspect equipment for any signs of wear or damage

• Implement proper storage practices to prevent contamination

• Train staff on proper cleaning procedures and protocols

Quality assurance is a process that ensures products or services meet specified requirements and standards.

• Quality assurance involves establishing processes to prevent defects in products or services.

• It focuses on continuous improvement and monitoring of processes to ensure consistency and quality.

• Quality assurance often includes testing, inspections, audits, and documentation to verify compliance with standards.

• Examples of quality assurance activities include software testin...read more

Working from home requires setting up a dedicated workspace, establishing a routine, staying organized, and communicating effectively with colleagues.

• Set up a designated workspace free from distractions.

• Establish a daily routine to maintain productivity.

• Use technology tools for communication and collaboration with team members.

• Stay organized by creating to-do lists and setting goals for each day.

• Take breaks and practice self-care to avoid burnout.

Work process refers to the series of steps or tasks involved in completing a specific job or project.

• Work process involves planning, organizing, executing, and evaluating tasks to achieve a desired outcome.

• It often includes setting goals, allocating resources, and monitoring progress.

• Examples of work processes include budgeting, financial reporting, and auditing in accounting.

ECR/BPR/BCR stands for Engineering Change Request/Business Process Reengineering/Business Case Reengineering.

• ECR (Engineering Change Request) is a formal proposal to make a change to a product's design or manufacturing process.

• BPR (Business Process Reengineering) is the analysis and redesign of workflows within and between enterprises to optimize end-to-end processes and eliminate non-value-added tasks.

• BCR (Business Case Reengineering) involves reevaluating and restructuring ...read more

Stability studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on pharmaceutical products over time.

• Stability studies assess the chemical, physical, and microbiological properties of a drug.

• Factors such as temperature, humidity, light, and pH are considered in stability studies.

• The goal is to determine the shelf life and storage conditions of a pharmaceutical product.

• Results of stability studies are used to establish expiration dates and storage instructions...read more

Word processing is the creation, editing, formatting, and printing of documents using a computer program.

• Word processing involves typing, editing, and formatting text.

• Common word processing programs include Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and Pages.

• Features of word processing programs include spell check, grammar check, and formatting options.

• Word processing allows for easy collaboration and sharing of documents.

• Documents can be saved in various file formats such as .docx, .pdf,...read more

Common problems in ETP include inadequate treatment, high sludge production, and equipment failure.

• Inadequate treatment leading to discharge of untreated or partially treated effluent

• High sludge production leading to increased disposal costs

• Equipment failure due to poor maintenance or improper operation

• Chemical imbalance leading to poor treatment efficiency

• Lack of skilled personnel leading to improper operation and maintenance

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice, which ensures products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. NGMP is not a recognized term in this context.

• GMP is a set of guidelines for ensuring the quality and safety of products during manufacturing.

• GMP covers aspects such as personnel, premises, equipment, documentation, production, quality control, and more.

• Examples of industries that adhere to GMP include pharmaceuticals, food and beverages,...read more

Name a reaction and provide details.

• The Grignard reaction involves the addition of an organomagnesium halide to a carbonyl compound.

• The Diels-Alder reaction is a cycloaddition reaction between a diene and a dienophile.

• The Friedel-Crafts reaction involves the alkylation or acylation of an aromatic ring using a Lewis acid catalyst.

• The Heck reaction is a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction between an aryl or vinyl halide and an alkene.

• The Sanger reaction is a method for sequen...read more

Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells, producing energy in the form of ATP.

• Also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle

• Involves eight steps that convert acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and ATP

• Produces NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP

• Important for aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells

QbD stands for Quality by Design. It is a systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control.

• QbD is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control.

• Types of QbD include Design Space, Control Strategy, and Risk Assessment.

• Design Space refers to the multidimensional combination...read more

The hardness of tablets is an important quality assurance parameter that ensures the tablets can withstand handling and transportation without breaking.

• Hardness testing is done using a tablet hardness tester to measure the force required to break a tablet.

• The hardness of tablets should fall within a specified range to ensure proper dissolution and drug release.

• Factors affecting tablet hardness include formulation, compression force, and excipients used.

• Example: Tablets with l...read more

Mee plant steam affections

• MEE stands for Mechanical Engineering Equipment.

• Steam affections refer to issues with steam systems in the plant.

• Common steam affections include leaks, pressure drops, and condensate buildup.

• As an Environment Officer, it is important to ensure that steam systems are properly maintained to prevent energy waste and emissions.

• Regular inspections and maintenance can help identify and address steam affections before they become major problems.

Tablets are portable computing devices that come in various types such as traditional tablets, 2-in-1 tablets, and rugged tablets.

• Traditional tablets are the most common type and include devices like the iPad and Samsung Galaxy Tab.

• 2-in-1 tablets are devices that can be used as both a tablet and a laptop, such as the Microsoft Surface Pro.

• Rugged tablets are designed to withstand harsh environments and are often used in industries like construction and manufacturing.

• Other type...read more

Pathogenic organisms can be either gram-positive or gram-negative.

• Gram-positive organisms have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, which retains the crystal violet stain in the Gram staining process.

• Gram-negative organisms have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which makes them more resistant to antibiotics.

• Examples of gram-positive organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, while exam...read more

MEE is a process used to treat wastewater by evaporating water and leaving behind concentrated pollutants.

• MEE stands for Multiple Effect Evaporation

• It involves heating the wastewater in multiple stages to evaporate water and concentrate pollutants

• The concentrated pollutants are then disposed of or treated further

• MEE is commonly used in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing

• It is an effective way to treat wastewater and reduce water usage in industria...read more

My M Pharm project focused on formulation and development of novel drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery.

• Researched various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles

• Formulated and optimized a targeted drug delivery system for a specific drug

• Conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the developed formulation

• Published research findings in a peer-reviewed journal

HPLC analysis is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture based on their interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

• HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography

• It is commonly used in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food industries

• HPLC analysis involves injecting a sample into a column packed with a stationary phase, then eluting it with a mobile phase

• The components in the sample interact differently with the statio...read more

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign or malignant.

• Neoplasms are commonly referred to as tumors.

• Benign neoplasms are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body.

• Malignant neoplasms are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

• Examples of neoplasms include breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma.

HPLC stands for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture.

• HPLC uses a liquid mobile phase and a stationary phase to separate components based on their chemical properties.

• It is commonly used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, environmental analysis, and forensic science.

• HPLC can detect and quantify very small amounts of compounds, making it a highly sensitive analytical technique.

• Different ty...read more

Implementing lean manufacturing principles to streamline processes and reduce waste.

• Identify and eliminate any unnecessary steps in the manufacturing process

• Implement a just-in-time inventory system to reduce excess inventory and storage costs

• Utilize automation and technology to increase efficiency and reduce human error

• Implement a continuous improvement culture to encourage employees to suggest and implement process improvements

Pressure of heart rate refers to the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps.

• Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm)

• High blood pressure can lead to serious health issues such as heart disease and stroke

• Factors like stress, exercise, and medication can affect heart rate

BPR/BCR/ECR are review points in business process management.

• BPR stands for Business Process Reengineering, involves radical redesign of processes for improvement.

• BCR stands for Business Continuity Review, ensures processes are in place to maintain operations during disruptions.

• ECR stands for Engineering Change Review, evaluates proposed changes to products or processes for impact.

• Review points help ensure efficiency, continuity, and quality in business processes.

Wet chemistry techniques involve using liquid reagents to analyze chemical compounds.

• Wet chemistry techniques are used to analyze chemical compounds in a liquid state.

• Common wet chemistry techniques include titration, chromatography, and spectrophotometry.

• These techniques are often used in laboratories for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

• Wet chemistry techniques require careful measurement and mixing of reagents to obtain accurate results.

DGFT working experience refers to experience in dealing with the Directorate General of Foreign Trade.

• Experience in obtaining and managing Import Export Code (IEC) from DGFT

• Knowledge of various DGFT schemes and policies such as Advance Authorization, Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG), etc.

• Understanding of DGFT notifications, circulars, and public notices

• Familiarity with filing applications, obtaining licenses, and resolving queries with DGFT

• Ability to navigate DGFT websit...read more

Operation at shop floor involves overseeing production processes, ensuring efficiency and quality.

• Monitor production activities to ensure they meet quality standards

• Implement process improvements to increase efficiency

• Train and supervise shop floor staff

• Maintain equipment and machinery to prevent breakdowns

• Coordinate with other departments for smooth operations