80+ Research and Development Interview Questions and Answers

Heat and light sensors can be strategically placed in a room with a glass facade to ensure accurate readings.

• Place heat sensors away from direct sunlight to avoid false readings.

• Position light sensors in areas that receive direct sunlight to measure the intensity accurately.

• Consider placing sensors at different heights to capture variations in temperature and light levels.

• Ensure sensors are not obstructed by furniture or other objects that may affect their readings.

• Calibrate ...read more

Distribute 50 white and 100 black eggs in one bag and 50 white and 0 black eggs in the other bag.

• Distribute the black eggs in one bag and white eggs in the other bag

• Ensure that both bags have equal number of white eggs

• The bag with black eggs will have a higher probability of getting a black egg

Enantiomers and diastereomers are types of stereoisomers that differ in their spatial arrangement.

• Enantiomers are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed on each other.

• Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.

• Enantiomers have opposite optical rotations and identical physical properties.

• Diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties.

• Examples of enantiomers include L-alanine and D-alanine, while examples of diastereo...read more

The value of H1 of amine proton depends on the specific amine compound.

• The H1 value can be determined through NMR spectroscopy.

• Different amine compounds have different H1 values.

• The H1 value can provide information about the structure and properties of the amine compound.

Various sensors can be used to collect heat and light based data, such as thermocouples, infrared sensors, and photodiodes.

• Thermocouples are commonly used to measure temperature by detecting changes in voltage.

• Infrared sensors can detect heat radiation and are used in applications like temperature monitoring and motion detection.

• Photodiodes are light sensors that convert light energy into electrical current and are used in light intensity measurement and optical communication...read more

The H1 NMR value of aldehyde is typically between 9-10 ppm.

• The H1 NMR value is affected by the chemical environment of the aldehyde group.

• The value can vary depending on the specific aldehyde.

• Examples include formaldehyde (9.5 ppm) and acetaldehyde (9.2 ppm).

Deriving the line equation using end constraints

• To derive the line equation, we need two points on the line

• The end constraints provide the limits for the line

• Using the limits, we can determine the coordinates of the two points

• Once we have the points, we can calculate the slope and y-intercept of the line

• Finally, we can write the line equation in the form y = mx + b

Intensity of light refers to the amount of energy that is carried by light waves per unit area per unit time.

• Intensity is measured in units of watts per square meter (W/m²).

• It can be affected by factors such as distance from the source, absorption, and reflection.

• Examples of high intensity light sources include lasers and the sun.

• Low intensity light sources include candles and dimly lit rooms.

Additives are substances added to coatings to enhance their properties. Major additives used for auto include pigments, fillers, and solvents.

• Additives are used to improve properties such as durability, adhesion, and color.

• Pigments are used to provide color and opacity to coatings.

• Fillers are used to improve the mechanical properties of coatings.

• Solvents are used to dissolve other components and aid in application.

• Coating systems used for auto include primer, basecoat, and cl...read more

ML techniques for CV apart from CV

• Transfer learning

• Object detection

• Semantic segmentation

• Generative adversarial networks (GANs)

• Reinforcement learning

• Neural style transfer

The number of subjects in the entire chemical engineering branch varies depending on the university and curriculum.

• The number of subjects can range from 40 to 60 courses.

• Core subjects include thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, chemical reaction engineering, and process control.

• Elective subjects may include polymer engineering, biochemical engineering, and environmental engineering.

• Some universities offer specialized courses like petrochemical engineering or pharmaceutical engin...read more

Print the leftmost element in each level of a binary tree.

• Use a queue to traverse the tree level by level.

• At each level, print the first node in the queue.

• Add the left and right child of the node to the queue if they exist.

• Repeat until the queue is empty.

The latest Samsung products include the Galaxy S21 series, Galaxy Buds Pro, and Galaxy Watch 3.

• Galaxy S21 series: Features a powerful processor, improved camera system, and 5G connectivity.

• Galaxy Buds Pro: Offers active noise cancellation, immersive sound quality, and touch controls.

• Galaxy Watch 3: Provides advanced health monitoring, ECG tracking, and customizable watch faces.

The analysis framework used for testing whether a hypothesis is true or false is hypothesis testing.

• Hypothesis testing involves setting up a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

• Statistical tests are then conducted to determine the likelihood of the observed data given the null hypothesis.

• Common statistical tests include t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA.

• The p-value is used to determine the significance of the results, with a lower p-value indicating stronger evid...read more

Aromaticity refers to the property of certain organic compounds that exhibit a unique stability and resonance due to a delocalized ring of electrons.

• Aromaticity is a concept in organic chemistry.

• It is characterized by a cyclic structure with a continuous system of overlapping p orbitals.

• Aromatic compounds often have a distinct odor.

• They are highly stable and resistant to chemical reactions.

• Aromaticity is determined by Huckel's rule, which states that a compound must have 4n+2...read more

Yes, I have completed courses in Linear Algebra and Partial Differential Equations.

• I have a strong foundation in linear algebra and its applications in machine learning and data analysis.

• I have also studied partial differential equations and their applications in physics and engineering.

• I am comfortable using mathematical software such as MATLAB and Mathematica to solve complex problems.

• I have applied my knowledge of these subjects in various research projects and publication...read more

I have extensive experience in computer vision, including object detection, tracking, and image segmentation.

• Developed a real-time object detection system using YOLOv3

• Implemented image segmentation using U-Net architecture

• Worked on tracking multiple objects in a video stream using Kalman filter

• Used OpenCV and TensorFlow for various computer vision tasks

• Published research papers on computer vision applications in robotics

Philips Healthcare is a global leader in medical technology, providing innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients.

• Philips Healthcare offers a wide range of products and services, including imaging systems, patient monitoring equipment, and healthcare informatics

• The company is focused on improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs through innovation and collaboration with healthcare providers

• Philips Healthcare has a strong presence i...read more

Research and development refers to the process of creating and improving products, services, or processes through systematic investigation and experimentation.

• Research and development involves conducting scientific or technological research to gain new knowledge and insights.

• It aims to develop new products, services, or processes that can meet the needs and demands of consumers.

• R&D activities often involve experimentation, prototyping, and testing to refine and improve existi...read more

A best-fit curve is a mathematical function that represents the closest approximation to a set of data points.

• A best-fit curve is used to model the relationship between variables in a dataset.

• It is often used in research and development to analyze and predict trends.

• The curve is determined by minimizing the overall distance between the curve and the data points.

• Different types of curves can be used, such as linear, polynomial, exponential, or logarithmic curves.

• The best-fit c...read more

Acrylic paint, oil-based paint, water-based paint

• Acrylic paint has the best weathering resistance

• Oil-based paint has moderate weathering resistance

• Water-based paint has the least weathering resistance

Random sampling involves selecting subjects randomly, while non-random sampling involves selecting subjects based on specific criteria.

• Random sampling ensures each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

• Non-random sampling may involve convenience sampling, purposive sampling, or quota sampling.

• Random sampling is more likely to be representative of the population, while non-random sampling may introduce bias.

• Examples of random sampling include simple ra...read more

A good silencer can be made by using materials that absorb and dissipate sound waves effectively.

• Use materials with high sound absorption properties, such as fiberglass or foam

• Design the silencer with baffles or chambers to redirect and dissipate sound waves

• Ensure a tight fit and proper installation to prevent sound leakage

• Consider the shape and size of the silencer to optimize noise reduction

• Test the silencer in different conditions to ensure effectiveness

Disc brakes are a type of braking system that uses calipers to squeeze brake pads against a rotor to slow or stop a vehicle.

• Disc brakes offer better performance and heat dissipation compared to traditional drum brakes.

• They are commonly used in high-performance vehicles and motorcycles.

• Development of disc brakes has led to advancements such as anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and electronic brake-force distribution (EBD).

I believe achievement is important because it drives growth, motivates progress, and provides a sense of fulfillment.

• Achievement pushes me to constantly improve and reach new heights

• It motivates me to set and accomplish goals, leading to personal and professional growth

• Achieving targets gives me a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, boosting my confidence and morale

Resistance welding is used in automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries for spot welding of metal parts.

• Resistance welding is used to join metal parts together by applying pressure and heat.

• Spot welding is a type of resistance welding used to join two or more metal sheets together at a single point.

• Applications of resistance welding include automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries.

• Tests on spot welds include peel test, shear test, and tensile test to ensure t...read more

Bleaching and washing is a process used to remove impurities and stains from materials such as textiles or paper.

• Bleaching involves the use of chemicals or natural agents to whiten or lighten the material.

• Washing is the process of rinsing the material with water to remove any remaining impurities or chemicals.

• The order of bleaching and washing may vary depending on the material and desired outcome.

• Examples include bleaching and washing of cotton fabric to remove natural color...read more

To improve wear resistance of forging die, one can use materials with higher hardness, apply surface treatments like nitriding, and optimize the design for better stress distribution.

• Use materials with higher hardness, such as tool steels or carbide inserts.

• Apply surface treatments like nitriding, which forms a hard nitride layer on the surface of the die.

• Optimize the design of the die to ensure better stress distribution and minimize localized wear.

• Consider using coatings or...read more

Resistance welding process is widely used in automotive and aerospace industries for spot welding applications.

• Resistance welding is used to join two metal parts together by applying pressure and heat.

• Spot welding is a type of resistance welding where two metal parts are joined at a single point.

• Tests on spot welds include peel test, shear test, and tensile test.

• Peel test measures the force required to peel the two metal parts apart.

• Shear test measures the force required to s...read more

Molality is the concentration of a solute in a solvent expressed in moles per kilogram, while normality is the concentration of a solute in a solution expressed in equivalents per liter.

• Molality is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, expressed in moles per kilogram of solvent.

• Normality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed in equivalents per liter of solution.

• Molality is independent of temperature, while normality depends...read more

Qualitative research is appropriate when seeking in-depth understanding of complex phenomena.

• Use qualitative research when exploring new topics or phenomena

• When seeking to understand motivations, attitudes, or behaviors

• To generate hypotheses for further quantitative research

• When aiming to capture rich, detailed data that cannot be quantified easily

Yes, I have knowledge of Excel.

• Proficient in using Excel for data analysis and manipulation

• Familiar with functions, formulas, and macros in Excel

• Experience in creating charts, graphs, and pivot tables

• Ability to perform data validation and conditional formatting

• Knowledge of advanced features like VLOOKUP and IF statements

Caster, camber, and toe are terms used in automotive engineering to describe the angles of a vehicle's wheels.

• Caster refers to the angle of the steering axis relative to vertical.

• Camber refers to the angle of the wheels relative to the road surface.

• Toe refers to the angle of the wheels relative to the centerline of the vehicle.

• These angles affect the handling, stability, and tire wear of a vehicle.

• For example, positive caster provides stability at high speeds, negative camber...read more

Research and Development involves the process of creating new products or improving existing ones through scientific and technological advancements.

• Involves conducting experiments and tests to gather data

• Focuses on innovation and problem-solving

• Requires collaboration between scientists, engineers, and other experts

• Examples include developing new pharmaceutical drugs, improving renewable energy technologies, and creating advanced materials

Exception handling in Java is a mechanism to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• Exception handling allows developers to gracefully handle errors that occur during program execution.

• In Java, exceptions are objects that are thrown when an error occurs.

• Developers can use try, catch, and finally blocks to handle exceptions.

• Example: try { // code that may throw an exception } catch (Exception e) { // handle the exception }

• Example: finally { // code that will always ...read more

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• React allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.

• React can be used for building single-page applications.

• Components in React can have state and props.

• React follows a unidirectional data flow.

The number of products that can be handled at a time depends on various factors such as resources, capacity, and efficiency.

• The number of products that can be handled at a time may vary depending on the size and complexity of the products.

• It is important to consider the available resources and capacity of the research and development team.

• Efficiency and time constraints also play a role in determining the number of products that can be handled simultaneously.

• For example, a sm...read more

MongoDB is a NoSQL database while the relational model is based on tables and SQL.

• MongoDB is schema-less, allowing flexible and dynamic data structures.

• Relational databases use a fixed schema with predefined tables and columns.

• MongoDB uses a document-based model, storing data in JSON-like documents.

• Relational databases use a tabular model, storing data in rows and columns.

• MongoDB supports horizontal scalability and distributed data storage.

• Relational databases are typically v...read more

Philips HIC is a research and development center focused on developing innovative healthcare solutions.

• Philips HIC stands for Philips Health Innovation Campus

• It is located in Bangalore, India

• The center focuses on developing healthcare solutions using AI, machine learning, and data analytics

• Philips HIC works on projects related to telehealth, radiology, and cardiology

• The center collaborates with hospitals, universities, and research institutions to develop new technologies

Basic manufacturing processes include casting, forging, machining, and welding.

• Casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold to create a specific shape.

• Forging involves shaping metal by applying pressure and heat.

• Machining involves using tools to remove material from a workpiece to create a desired shape.

• Welding involves joining two pieces of metal together using heat and pressure.

Auto alignment of steering is a process where the vehicle's wheels are adjusted to ensure they are pointing in the correct direction.

• Auto alignment helps to improve the handling and stability of the vehicle.

• It can also prevent uneven tire wear and improve fuel efficiency.

• There are three main types of alignment: front-end, thrust, and four-wheel.

• Alignment can be affected by hitting potholes, curbs, or other obstacles.

• Regular alignment checks can help prolong the life of your t...read more

Power flow in a system is calculated using power flow analysis which involves solving a set of equations.

• Power flow analysis involves solving a set of nonlinear equations

• The equations are solved using iterative methods such as Newton-Raphson method

• The power flow solution gives the voltage magnitude and phase angle at each bus and the power flow on each transmission line

• The power flow solution is used to analyze the performance of the system and identify potential problems

Strength of materials is the study of how materials behave under different forces and loads.

• Strength of materials involves analyzing the stress and strain of materials.

• It helps in designing structures that can withstand different forces and loads.

• Examples include calculating the load-bearing capacity of a bridge or determining the strength of a material used in manufacturing.

• It is important in fields like civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science.

• Underst...read more

Digestar process is a method used in biotechnology to break down organic matter into simpler compounds.

• Digestar process involves the use of enzymes to break down complex molecules into smaller components.

• It is commonly used in the production of biofuels from agricultural waste.

• The process is similar to digestion in the human body, where enzymes break down food into nutrients.

My area of interest is artificial intelligence and machine learning.

• Developing algorithms for natural language processing

• Creating predictive models for financial markets

• Exploring the potential of deep learning in image recognition

• Applying machine learning to healthcare data for personalized medicine

To perform better, I focus on setting clear goals, prioritizing tasks, and seeking feedback.

• I set specific and measurable goals to track my progress

• I prioritize tasks based on their importance and urgency

• I seek feedback from colleagues and supervisors to improve my performance

• I continuously learn and develop new skills to enhance my performance

• I maintain a positive attitude and stay motivated to achieve my goals

Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than x-rays.

• Ultraviolet radiation

• Visible light

• Infrared radiation

• Microwaves

• Radio waves