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20+ M3T4 Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 28 Nov 2024
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Q1. Class A { fn to print ‘A’; } Class B {virtual fn to print ‘B’ } Class C {fn to print ‘C’} a ptr object is created for class C, what will be printed? just check out that virtual fns concept in C++

Ans.

The output will be 'C' as the function in class C will be called directly.

  • Virtual functions in C++ allow for dynamic binding, where the function to be called is determined at runtime based on the object's type.

  • Since class C does not have a virtual function, the function in class C will be called directly when using a pointer to an object of class C.

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Q2. which takes less time to execute.? ordinary functions or recursive funs.I think its recursive since stack winding and unwinding is there

Ans.

Recursive functions generally take more time to execute due to stack winding and unwinding.

  • Recursive functions involve repeated function calls and stack operations, leading to more time consumption.

  • Ordinary functions are typically faster as they do not involve the overhead of stack operations.

  • However, in some cases, recursive functions may be more efficient for certain algorithms like factorial calculation or Fibonacci series.

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Q3. How would you tackle the time constraint/memory constraint problem in this project?

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Q4. one qn about ptr to funciton : how will a ptr to a ptr to a fun will be declared void *(*ptr[])); void *ptr[]; void (**ptr[]);

Ans.

Pointers to pointers to functions can be declared in different ways in C programming.

  • void *(*ptr[]); - array of pointers to functions returning void pointer

  • void *ptr[]; - array of void pointers

  • void (**ptr[]); - array of pointers to pointers to functions returning void

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Q5. which is not a command in sql? drop, delete, create, insert.?

Ans.

The command 'delete' is not a command in SQL.

  • The 'drop' command is used to delete an entire table or database.

  • The 'create' command is used to create a new table or database.

  • The 'insert' command is used to insert new data into a table.

  • However, the 'delete' command is used to delete specific rows or data from a table.

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Q6. what is the argc value? C: sample.exe val1 val2 val3 ans: 4

Ans.

The argc value represents the number of arguments passed to a C program, including the program name itself.

  • argc is always at least 1, as the first argument is the program name

  • In the example provided (C: sample.exe val1 val2 val3), argc would be 4

  • argc does not count the program name itself, only the additional arguments

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Q7. which is better? 1st or 2nd or 3rd normal form or Boyce codd normal form?

Ans.

Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is better than 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Normal Form.

  • BCNF eliminates all anomalies and ensures data integrity.

  • BCNF is stricter than 3rd Normal Form and reduces redundancy.

  • 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Normal Form are stepping stones towards achieving BCNF.

  • BCNF is suitable for complex databases with multiple relationships.

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Q8. Create a class and a function of this class that calculates salary based on age. Various other inputs may be added as needed.

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Q9. Differential amplifier, and how to increase its gain and bandwidth ?

Ans.

To increase the gain and bandwidth of a differential amplifier, one can use active loads, cascode configuration, and increase the transconductance.

  • Use active loads such as current mirrors to increase the gain.

  • Implement a cascode configuration to improve the bandwidth.

  • Increase the transconductance by using larger transistors or adding more stages.

  • Use feedback techniques like Miller compensation to enhance the gain and bandwidth.

  • Optimize the biasing and sizing of the transistor...read more

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Q10. how much memory will be allocated to this union: union a { char b; int no:2; (bit field) }

Ans.

The memory allocated to the union will be the size of the largest data type within it, which is 4 bytes for int.

  • Memory allocated will be 4 bytes due to int being the largest data type in the union.

  • The char data type will only take up 1 byte in the union.

  • Bit field 'no' will only take up 2 bits within the int, not additional memory.

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Q11. Short channel effects, and how to avoid them during the design ?

Ans.

Short channel effects are phenomena that occur in short channel transistors, leading to performance degradation. They can be avoided through proper design techniques.

  • Use proper channel length and width ratios to minimize short channel effects

  • Implement techniques such as halo doping or pocket implants to control the electric field in the channel region

  • Utilize advanced process technologies like FinFETs or nanowire transistors to reduce short channel effects

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Q12. Which is memory inefficient? Quick, merge, bubble

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Q13. Efficiency of sorting bubble, merge & memory efficiency for both best & worst case?

Ans.

Bubble sort has worst case time complexity of O(n^2) and best case of O(n). Merge sort has worst and best case time complexity of O(n log n). Memory efficiency depends on the implementation.

  • Bubble sort has a worst case time complexity of O(n^2) because it compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. In the best case, when the array is already sorted, it has a time complexity of O(n) because no swaps are needed.

  • Merge sort has a worst and best case ...read more

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Q14. Describe how statistical process control (SPC) is used to monitor and improve yield.

Ans.

SPC is used to monitor and improve yield by analyzing process data to detect variations and make adjustments.

  • SPC involves collecting data on key process parameters and using statistical tools to analyze trends and patterns.

  • By monitoring variations in the process, SPC helps identify potential issues before they impact yield.

  • SPC allows for real-time adjustments to be made to the process to maintain or improve yield levels.

  • Examples of SPC tools include control charts, histograms...read more

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Q15. What are common defects in the semiconductor fabrication process?

Ans.

Common defects in semiconductor fabrication process

  • Contamination: Foreign particles or impurities can cause defects in the semiconductor material.

  • Oxide Breakdown: Breakdown of the insulating oxide layer can lead to short circuits.

  • Photoresist Issues: Problems with the photoresist material can result in inaccurate patterning.

  • Etching Errors: Improper etching can cause damage to the semiconductor layers.

  • Lithography Defects: Issues with the lithography process can lead to misalign...read more

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Q16. Integrate C/C++ with Python. Give examples.

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Q17. WAP to convert input number to words. Example: 12-Tweleve, 22-Twenty Two, 76-Seventy Six, etc.

Ans.

Convert input number to words

  • Use switch case to handle each digit

  • Divide the number into groups of three digits

  • Use recursion to handle larger numbers

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Q18. Worst case for merge sorting? n log n, n2, n-1

Ans.

Worst case for merge sorting is n log n

  • Worst case time complexity of merge sort is O(n log n)

  • Occurs when the input array is in reverse order or nearly sorted

  • Example: sorting an array [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] using merge sort

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Q19. How can you scale up your peoject?

Ans.

Scaling up a project requires careful planning and execution.

  • Identify the bottlenecks and optimize them

  • Use parallel processing and distributed computing

  • Implement caching and load balancing

  • Upgrade hardware and infrastructure

  • Automate processes and workflows

  • Collaborate with a team and delegate tasks

  • Monitor performance and make adjustments as needed

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Q20. What is the concept of useful skew

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Q21. What is your stand on ethics ?

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Q22. What is CRPR ??

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Q23. Flexibility on work timings

Ans.

Flexibility on work timings is important for work-life balance and productivity.

  • Flexibility in work timings allows employees to better manage personal responsibilities.

  • It can lead to increased employee satisfaction and morale.

  • Remote work options can provide flexibility in work timings.

  • Flexibility can also accommodate different work styles and preferences.

  • Examples: flexible start and end times, compressed work weeks, telecommuting options.

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Q24. Adjustability to Bangalore

Ans.

I am highly adaptable and have lived in diverse cities before, so adjusting to Bangalore will not be a problem for me.

  • I have experience living in different cities and adapting to new environments

  • I am open to exploring new cultures and traditions

  • I am excited about the opportunity to live in Bangalore and learn from its unique experiences

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Q25. Difference between LVS and LEC

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Q26. Convert D flip to JK

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