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Parasitics of a device refer to unwanted electrical properties that affect its performance.
Parasitics include resistance, capacitance, and inductance in a device.
They can cause signal delays, power losses, and interference.
Examples of parasitics are stray capacitance in a PCB trace or resistance in a wire.
Minimizing parasitics is crucial for optimizing device performance.
A MOS capacitor can be built by creating a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure.
Start by depositing a layer of oxide on a silicon substrate
Then deposit a layer of metal on top of the oxide
Finally, connect the metal layer to a terminal for the capacitor
Soft connect errors in LVS can be resolved by adjusting the connectivity rules and verifying the layout.
Review the connectivity rules to ensure they are correctly defined
Check for any missing or incorrect connections in the layout
Verify the layout against the design to identify and fix any discrepancies
Use debugging tools to pinpoint the source of the soft connect errors
Collaterals in PDK refer to additional files and documents that provide information and support for the Process Design Kit.
Collateral files may include documentation on process technology, design rules, device models, and simulation parameters
These collaterals help designers understand and utilize the PDK effectively
Examples of collaterals in PDK are process design rules (PDR), technology files, and layout design ...
An inverter is a basic building block in digital circuit design that converts a high voltage input signal to a low voltage output signal.
Inverters are used to implement logic gates in digital circuits.
They have one input and one output.
The output of an inverter is the logical complement of its input.
Inverters are essential for signal processing and amplification in electronic devices.
Example: CMOS inverter, TTL in...
Clock gating is a power-saving technique used in digital design to disable the clock signal to certain parts of a circuit when they are not in use.
Clock gating helps reduce power consumption by stopping the clock signal to unused parts of the circuit.
It involves inserting logic gates in the clock path to control when the clock signal is enabled or disabled.
Example: In a processor, clock gating can be used to disab...
Design a URL-shortening service
Generate a unique short code for each URL
Store the mapping of short code to original URL in a database
Redirect users from short URL to original URL
Consider implementing custom short links for users
Track analytics for shortened URLs
Number of macros in a block is calculated based on the size of the block, the size of the macros, and the desired spacing between macros.
Calculate the area of the block
Determine the size of the macros
Calculate the area taken up by each macro
Divide the block area by the macro area to get the number of macros
Consider any spacing requirements between macros
Crosstalk is the unwanted transfer of signals between communication channels.
Crosstalk occurs when signals from one channel interfere with signals on another channel.
It can result in distorted or degraded signal quality.
Example: In audio systems, crosstalk can cause a faint echo or noise from one channel to be heard in another channel.
Machine maintenance should be scheduled based on regular inspections, production downtime, and manufacturer recommendations.
Regularly inspect machines for signs of wear and tear
Schedule maintenance based on production downtime to minimize impact on output
Follow manufacturer recommendations for maintenance intervals and procedures
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Resolving clock violations involves optimizing timing paths, adjusting clock tree design, and ensuring proper signal integrity.
Identify the source of the clock violation using timing analysis tools like PrimeTime.
Optimize the clock tree by reducing skew and improving latency; for example, using buffer insertion.
Adjust the placement of critical components to minimize the distance between clock sources and sinks.
Use cloc...
I appeared for an interview before Jul 2024, where I was asked the following questions.
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Oct 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
Analog design related question
Agile processes emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility to enhance project delivery and team dynamics.
Iterative Development: Agile breaks projects into small, manageable units called sprints, allowing for regular assessment and adjustments.
Collaboration: Daily stand-up meetings foster communication among team members, ensuring everyone is aligned on goals and progress.
Customer Feedback: Regularl...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Nov 2024. There was 1 interview round.
Topics was binary search tree, String, Sorting-bubble sort, merge sort, time complexity. Hire pro plateform
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
I appeared for an interview in Mar 2025, where I was asked the following questions.
OOP in C++ is based on concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction for better code organization.
Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods in classes. Example: class Car { private: int speed; public: void setSpeed(int s) { speed = s; }};
Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones. Example: class ElectricCar : public Car {}; // ElectricCar inherits from Car
Polymorphism: Ability to call...
Analyze pseudocode for errors and potential outputs.
Check for syntax errors, such as missing semicolons or parentheses.
Verify variable initialization before use to avoid null references.
Ensure loops have proper termination conditions to prevent infinite loops.
Examine array indexing to avoid out-of-bounds errors.
Consider data types and conversions, especially in arithmetic operations.
I appeared for an interview in Aug 2024.
Sorting and searching algorithms are essential in software development for organizing and retrieving data efficiently.
Use popular sorting algorithms like Bubble Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, etc. for sorting arrays of strings.
For searching, consider algorithms like Linear Search, Binary Search, etc. to find specific strings in the array.
Optimize algorithms based on the size of the data and the frequency of operations n...
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