40+ Star World Research Interview Questions and Answers

Screenshots can be captured using built-in tools or third-party software.

• On Windows, use the Snipping Tool or press Windows key + Print Screen

• On Mac, press Command + Shift + 4

• Third-party software like Greenshot or Lightshot can also be used

• Screenshots can be saved as image files or copied to clipboard

Method overloading and overriding are two concepts in object-oriented programming that allow methods to have multiple implementations.

• Method overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Example of method overloading: public void print(int num) and public void print(String str)

• Example of method overriding...read more

OOP in Java is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data (fields) and methods (procedures) that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: The ability of different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface.

• Abstraction:...read more

TestNg.xml file is important for configuring and executing TestNG tests.

• TestNg.xml file allows us to configure test suites, test cases, and test data.

• It helps in grouping and prioritizing tests, setting up dependencies, and parallel execution.

• We can also specify test parameters, listeners, and reporting options in the TestNg.xml file.

• Example:

• Example:

• Example:

Implicit wait is a global wait applied to all elements, while explicit wait is a wait applied to a specific element.

• Implicit wait is set once and applied to all elements in the script

• Explicit wait is set for a specific element and waits for a certain condition to be met

• Implicit wait is set using the 'driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait()' method

• Explicit wait is set using the 'WebDriverWait' class and 'ExpectedConditions' class

• Example of implicit wait: driver.manage().ti...read more

Software development life cycle is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop and maintain software.

• SDLC is a structured approach to software development

• It consists of several phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables

• It helps to ensure that the software is developed efficiently, on time, and within budget

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterf...read more

Relative xpath is a path that starts from the node of the current element, while absolute xpath starts from the root node.

• Relative xpath is shorter and more flexible than absolute xpath.

• Relative xpath is recommended when the structure of the page is likely to change.

• Absolute xpath is more specific and less prone to errors.

• Absolute xpath is recommended when the structure of the page is unlikely to change.

• Example of relative xpath: //div[@class='container']/ul/li

• Example of abso...read more

Method overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Method overloading allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass.

• Example of method over...read more

TestNG is a testing framework for Java that supports various annotations to define test methods and their behavior.

• TestNG is used for unit, functional, and integration testing

• Annotations like @Test, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, etc. are used to define test methods and their behavior

• TestNG allows grouping of test methods and prioritizing their execution

• TestNG also supports data-driven testing and parallel test execution

• Example: @Test annotation is used to mark a method as a test m...read more

find elements returns a list of web elements matching the locator, while find element returns the first web element matching the locator.

• find elements returns a list of web elements, find element returns the first web element

• find elements is used when multiple elements need to be located, find element is used when only one element is needed

• find elements is useful for handling multiple elements like a list of links, find element is useful for unique elements like a submit butt...read more

Verification ensures that the product is built according to the requirements, while validation ensures that the product meets the customer's needs.

• Verification checks if the product is being built correctly

• Validation checks if the right product is being built

• Verification is done during development

• Validation is done after development

• Examples: Unit testing, code reviews, walkthroughs for verification; User acceptance testing, system testing, regression testing for validation

Re-testing is the process of testing a previously failed test case after the defects have been fixed.

• Re-testing is done to ensure that the defects have been fixed and the system is working as expected.

• It is important to document the results of re-testing to ensure that the defects have been resolved.

• Re-testing can be done manually or through automation tools.

• Examples of re-testing include testing a login functionality after fixing a defect related to incorrect password valida...read more

Constructor is a special method that is used to initialize objects. Constructor overloading is having multiple constructors with different parameters.

• Constructor is called when an object is created

• It has the same name as the class

• It can have parameters

• Constructor overloading is having multiple constructors with different parameters

• Example: public class Person { public Person() {} public Person(String name) {} }

JVM is Java Virtual Machine, JDK is Java Development Kit, and JRE is Java Runtime Environment.

• JVM is an abstract machine that provides a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.

• JDK is a software development kit used to develop Java applications.

• JRE is a software package that contains what is needed to run a Java program, including the JVM.

Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach to software development.

• It follows a sequential process where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next.

• It is a rigid model and changes cannot be made easily once a phase is completed.

• It is suitable for projects with well-defined requirements and a stable scope.

• Examples of industries that use this model are construction and manufacturing.

• Phases include requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, depl...read more

Regression testing is a type of software testing that ensures changes made to the software do not affect its existing functionality.

• It involves retesting the previously tested functionalities

• It is done to ensure that new changes do not break the existing code

• It helps in identifying and fixing defects early on

• Examples include smoke testing, sanity testing, and full regression testing

SQL is used for data retrieval, manipulation and management in the project.

• SQL queries are used to retrieve data from databases

• SQL is used to manipulate data in databases

• SQL is used to manage databases

• Examples include retrieving user information from a database, updating user information, and creating new tables in a database

Listeners in test automation are used to capture and log events during test execution.

• Listeners are interfaces that collect and display information about test execution.

• They can be used to generate logs, reports, and screenshots during test runs.

• Common listeners in test automation frameworks include TestNG listeners and JUnit listeners.

The framework used for automation testing is Selenium WebDriver.

• Selenium WebDriver is a popular automation testing framework used for web applications.

• It supports multiple programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.

• Selenium WebDriver allows testers to automate web browsers for testing purposes.

• It provides a rich set of APIs for interacting with web elements and performing actions.

• Test scripts can be written to perform automated tests on web applications using Selenium W...read more

A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Consists of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node

• Can easily insert or delete elements without shifting other elements

• Types include singly linked list, doubly linked list, and circular linked list

• Example: Singly linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4

Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps to automate parts of the software development process.

• Jenkins allows for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) of software projects.

• It can be used to build, test, and deploy software automatically.

• Jenkins has a large number of plugins available to extend its functionality.

• Examples of plugins include ones for integrating with version control systems like Git or SVN, or for sending notifications to team mem...read more

I chose TCS because of its reputation for providing excellent training, career growth opportunities, and a diverse range of projects.

• Reputation for providing excellent training programs

• Opportunities for career growth and advancement

• Diverse range of projects to work on

Scrum is an agile framework for managing work on complex projects.

• Scrum involves breaking down work into small, manageable tasks called user stories.

• It emphasizes frequent communication and collaboration among team members.

• Scrum uses time-boxed iterations called sprints to deliver working software.

• Roles in Scrum include Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.

• Scrum ceremonies include Sprint Planning, Daily Standups, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective.

POM stands for Page Object Model. It is a design pattern used in test automation to create object repositories for web UI elements.

• POM separates the UI elements and the test code, making the code more maintainable and reusable.

• Each web page is represented by a separate class in POM.

• POM helps in reducing code duplication and improves test script maintenance.

• POM is widely used in Selenium WebDriver test automation.

• Example: LoginPage.java, HomePage.java, etc. are classes represe...read more

To calculate age using SQL, subtract the birthdate from the current date.

• Use DATEDIFF function to calculate the difference between birthdate and current date.

• Divide the result by 365 to get the age in years.

• Consider leap years for more accurate calculation.

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application or system to find defects and ensure it meets the specified requirements.

• Testing is done to identify defects or bugs in the software

• It ensures that the software meets the specified requirements

• It helps in improving the quality of the software

• Testing can be done manually or using automated tools

• Types of testing include functional, performance, security, and usability testing

STLC process involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on software testing activities.

• 1. Planning phase involves defining test objectives, scope, and resources.

• 2. Design phase includes creating test cases, test data, and test environment setup.

• 3. Execution phase is where tests are run, defects are logged, and progress is monitored.

• 4. Reporting phase involves analyzing test results, preparing test reports, and making recommendations.

• 5. Each phase is iterative and ...read more

The expected package for a Test Engineer varies depending on factors such as experience, location, and company size.

• Expected package can range from entry-level salaries to six-figure salaries for experienced professionals.

• Factors influencing package include years of experience, specialized skills, industry demand, and company budget.

• Location plays a significant role in determining salary, with higher cost of living areas typically offering higher salaries.

• Company size can als...read more

Java Collection Framework is a set of classes and interfaces that provide various data structures and algorithms to store and manipulate collections of objects.

• It provides interfaces like List, Set, Map, Queue, etc. for different types of collections.

• Classes like ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, HashMap, PriorityQueue, etc. implement these interfaces.

• It includes algorithms like sorting, searching, and manipulation of collections.

• Collections framework enhances the reusability a...read more

Testing procedure involves planning, designing, executing, and evaluating tests to ensure software quality.

• 1. Planning phase involves defining test objectives, scope, and resources.

• 2. Design phase includes creating test cases, test data, and test environment setup.

• 3. Execution phase involves running tests, recording results, and reporting defects.

• 4. Evaluation phase includes analyzing test results, identifying trends, and improving testing process.

• 5. Types of testing procedur...read more

Javascript example programs showcase the use of Javascript in various scenarios.

• Basic Hello World program

• Program to calculate factorial of a number

• Program to reverse a string

• Program to check if a number is prime

The pillars of OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Ability to create new classes based on existing classes, inheriting their attributes and methods.

• Polymorphism: Ability for objects of different classes to respond to the same message in different ways.

My framework is a data-driven automation framework using Selenium and TestNG.

• Utilizes Selenium for web automation

• Uses TestNG for test case management and execution

• Supports data-driven testing with external data sources like Excel or CSV files

Java OOPs concept refers to the Object-Oriented Programming principles in Java, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary fe...read more

I rate myself as proficient in coding domain.

• Proficient in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++

• Strong understanding of data structures and algorithms

• Experience in test automation using tools like Selenium or JUnit

Oops concept refers to Object-Oriented Programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Parent class 'Animal' and child class 'Dog'.

• Polymorphism: Allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. Example: 'Shape' superclass with 'Circle' and 'Square' subclasses.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on...read more

Oops concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in creating modular, reusable, and maintainable code.

• Encapsulation: Hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors

• Abstraction: Focusing on the essential features of an object and ignoring the non-essential ones

The do-while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at least once before checking the condition.

• The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but the condition is checked after the block of code is executed.

• The code block will always execute at least once, even if the condition is false.

• Example: do { // code block } while (condition);

Switch case function is used to execute different code blocks based on different conditions.

• Switch case is a control structure in programming languages.

• It evaluates an expression and executes the corresponding case.

• Each case is followed by a break statement to exit the switch block.

• Default case is executed if no other cases match the expression.

• Example: switch(expression) { case value1: // code block break; case value2: // code block break; default: // code block }