400+ Senior Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Answering questions related to Selenium automation framework and its components.

• Implemented Page Object Model (POM) framework with TestNG and Maven

• POM components: Page classes, Test classes, Utility classes, Test data files

• Dynamic web element handled using Explicit and Implicit Waits

• Hidden element handled using JavaScriptExecutor

• File upload handled using sendKeys() method

• HashMap used to store test data and retrieve it in test methods

• Screenshots taken using TakesScreenshot int...read more

Defects found in production should be immediately reported and a plan should be made to fix the issue.

• Report the defect to the development team and stakeholders

• Analyze the impact of the defect on the system and users

• Prioritize the defect based on severity and impact

• Create a plan to fix the defect and test the fix thoroughly

• Deploy the fix to production after testing

• Monitor the system to ensure the defect has been resolved

Incremental load is performed by identifying new data and adding it to the existing data set.

• Identify new data based on a timestamp or unique identifier

• Extract new data from source system

• Transform and map new data to match existing data set

• Load new data into target system

• Verify data integrity and consistency

Regression is testing to ensure changes do not affect existing functionality. Retesting is testing to ensure defects have been fixed.

• Regression testing is done to ensure that changes made to the software do not affect the existing functionality.

• Retesting is done to ensure that defects found during testing have been fixed.

• Regression testing is done after every change to the software.

• Retesting is done after a defect has been fixed.

• Regression testing is automated to save time an...read more

STLC is a systematic process for testing software applications from planning to closure.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests.

• Phases include requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and closure.

• Each phase has specific deliverables and goals to ensure quality software.

• Example: In requirement analysis, testers review requirements to identify testable features.

Lambda expressions are anonymous functions that can be passed as arguments or returned from methods.

• Lambda expressions are concise and can be used to represent a single method interface.

• They do not have a name, return type, or access modifier.

• They can have zero or more parameters and a body that contains the code to be executed.

• Lambda expressions can be used in functional interfaces to provide implementation for abstract methods.

• Example: (x, y) -> x + y is a lambda expression...read more

Best practices in test automation include proper planning, selecting the right tools, maintaining test scripts, and continuous integration.

• Proper planning before starting test automation to define goals, scope, and strategy.

• Selecting the right tools based on project requirements and team expertise.

• Maintaining test scripts regularly to keep them up-to-date and relevant.

• Implementing continuous integration to automate the build and test process.

• Using version control for test scr...read more

Manual testing is done by humans executing test cases without automation tools, while automated testing is done using scripts and tools.

• Manual testing requires human intervention to execute test cases, while automated testing uses scripts and tools to run tests.

• Manual testing is time-consuming and prone to human error, while automated testing is faster and more reliable.

• Manual testing is suitable for exploratory testing and ad-hoc testing, while automated testing is ideal for...read more

Use a subquery to find the second highest salary in SQL.

• Use a subquery to select the maximum salary from the table.

• Then use another subquery to select the maximum salary that is less than the maximum salary found in the first step.

• Combine both subqueries to get the second highest salary.

I would escalate the issue to higher management and explain the risks associated with signing off on a faulty feature.

• Explain the potential impact of releasing a feature with known bugs on customer satisfaction and company reputation.

• Provide data and evidence from testing to support your concerns.

• Propose alternative solutions such as delaying the release until the issues are fixed or allocating more resources to address the bugs.

• Highlight the importance of maintaining quality...read more

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can only extend one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used to define common behavior among subclasses, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract class 'Shape' with ab...read more

Selenium is a popular testing tool for web applications due to its flexibility, compatibility with multiple browsers, and robust features.

• Selenium supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#, making it versatile for different teams and projects.

• It is compatible with various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari, ensuring comprehensive test coverage.

• Selenium offers a wide range of features for automated testing, including record and playback functi...read more

A circular cake can be cut into 8 equal pieces with 3 cuts only by cutting the cake into quarters and then making a diagonal cut.

• Cut the cake into quarters with two cuts, creating four equal pieces.

• Make a diagonal cut from the center of the cake to the edge, dividing each quarter into two equal pieces.

• This will result in eight equal pieces of cake with only three cuts.

Answering questions related to Selenium and Java for Senior Test Engineer position.

• findelement returns the first matching element on the page while find elements returns a list of all matching elements

• Some exceptions in Java and Selenium are NullPointerException, NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, ElementNotVisibleException

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism

BGP confederation is a method to reduce the number of iBGP peers. BGP state machines are used to maintain BGP sessions. NSSA is a type of OSPF area. AS-PATH in BGP confederation is modified.

• BGP confederation is used to split a large AS into smaller sub-ASes to reduce the number of iBGP peers.

• BGP state machines are used to maintain BGP sessions and exchange routing information.

• NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area) is a type of OSPF area that allows external routes to be imported into the ...read more

Regression testing is performed to ensure that changes or updates to a software application do not introduce new defects or impact existing functionality.

• Regression testing is done after making changes to the software application.

• It helps in identifying any unintended side effects of the changes.

• It ensures that previously working features are not broken due to the changes.

• Regression testing is typically performed during the testing phase of the software development lifecycle....read more

An Array is a fixed-size collection of elements of the same type, while an ArrayList is a dynamic collection that can grow or shrink in size.

• Arrays are fixed in size, while ArrayLists can dynamically resize.

• Arrays can only store elements of the same type, while ArrayLists can store elements of different types.

• Arrays are faster for accessing elements, while ArrayLists are slower due to boxing and unboxing.

• Arrays are strongly typed, while ArrayLists are not and require casting ...read more

A join is a SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of joins include inner join, left join, right join, and full outer join.

• Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left join returns all rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right join returns all rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all rows from both tables, with NULL v...read more

Fact table contains quantitative data while dimension table contains descriptive data.

• Fact table stores data related to business processes and events

• Dimension table stores descriptive information about the data in the fact table

• Fact table is usually larger than dimension table

• Fact table is connected to dimension table through foreign keys

• Example: Sales fact table and product dimension table

BDD is a software development process that encourages collaboration between developers, QA, and non-technical stakeholders.

• BDD focuses on defining the behavior of a system through examples in plain language

• Uses a common language (like Gherkin syntax) to create executable specifications

• Tests are written in a way that they can be easily understood by non-technical team members

• Promotes communication and collaboration among team members to ensure everyone has a shared understandi...read more

TestNg is a testing framework used to run failed test cases and manage test suites.

• TestNg allows rerunning of failed test cases using the 'rerun-failed.xml' file.

• It provides annotations to manage test execution flow and grouping of test cases.

• TestNg generates detailed test reports and supports parallel test execution.

• It also provides data-driven testing and integration with other tools like Selenium and JUnit.

Different types of schemas and dimensions, self join queries and functions in testing.

• Different types of schemas include star schema, snowflake schema, and fact constellation schema.

• Star schema is used for simple queries and is easy to understand.

• Snowflake schema is used for complex queries and is normalized.

• Fact constellation schema is used for complex queries and has multiple fact tables.

• Self join queries are used to join a table to itself.

• Functions are used to perform spec...read more

Selenium has different components like Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, Selenium Grid, and Selenium RC.

• Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool for creating test scripts without coding.

• Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web applications across different browsers.

• Selenium Grid is used for parallel testing across multiple machines and browsers.

• Selenium RC (Remote Control) is a deprecated tool that allows executing test scripts on different browsers.

Priority and severity are terms used in software testing to indicate the importance and impact of a defect.

• Priority refers to the order in which defects should be fixed based on their impact on the system and business requirements.

• Severity refers to the degree of impact a defect has on the system's functionality and the user's ability to use it.

• For example, a defect that causes the system to crash would have high severity, while a spelling mistake in a non-critical area would...read more

Dealing with dynamic drop down in Selenium/Appium

• Identify the parent element of the drop down

• Use findElements() method to get all the child elements

• Iterate through the child elements and select the desired option

• Use wait() method to handle dynamic loading of options

• Use Select class for handling drop downs with select tag

• For non-select tag drop downs, use click() method to open the drop down and select the option

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. Denormalization is the opposite process.

• Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and establishing relationships between them.

• Denormalization involves combining tables to improve performance by reducing the number of joins required.

• Normalization helps to prevent data inconsistencies and anomalies.

• Denormalization can improve query performance bu...read more

Commands for displaying list of users, disk space, searching, file disk space, and scheduling tasks.

• List of users: 'cat /etc/passwd'

• Disk space: 'df -h'

• Searching: 'grep'

• File disk space: 'du -sh '

• Scheduling tasks: 'cron'

Jenkins jobs can be scheduled using the Build Triggers option. The flow includes SCM polling, build, and post-build actions.

• Go to the job configuration page and select Build Triggers

• Choose the appropriate trigger option such as Poll SCM or Build periodically

• Configure the trigger settings such as the schedule or polling interval

• Add build steps and post-build actions as required

• Save the job configuration

• Jenkins will automatically trigger the job based on the configured schedule...read more

Query to find salary more than 10000 and dept belongs to finance

• Use SELECT statement with WHERE clause

• Specify salary greater than 10000 and department as finance

• Use AND operator to combine conditions

OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object)

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability for objects to be treated as instances of their parent class or their own class

• Abstraction: hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary ...read more

Test case for integration scenario of API testing with main status codes in responses

• Test case: Verify that the API response includes the expected data fields and values after integrating with another API

• Main status codes: 200 (OK), 201 (Created), 400 (Bad Request), 401 (Unauthorized), 404 (Not Found), 500 (Internal Server Error)

Java 8 streams are a sequence of elements that support functional-style operations.

• Streams allow for processing sequences of elements in a functional way.

• They can be created from various data sources like collections, arrays, or I/O channels.

• Common operations on streams include map, filter, reduce, and collect.

• Example: List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"); Stream<String> stream = names.stream();

• Example: int sum = numbers.stream().filter(n -> n % 2 == ...read more

Integration testing is the process of testing the interaction between different components or modules of a software system.

• It involves testing the interfaces between modules

• It ensures that the modules work together as expected

• It can be done manually or with automated tools

• Examples include testing the integration between a database and a web application, or between different microservices in a distributed system

Selenium is a tool used for automating web browsers, while Cucumber is a tool used for behavior-driven development.

• Selenium is a testing framework used for automating web browsers to perform testing on web applications.

• Cucumber is a tool that supports behavior-driven development (BDD) by allowing tests to be written in plain language.

• Selenium can be used with programming languages like Java, Python, etc., while Cucumber uses Gherkin syntax for writing test cases.

• Selenium focu...read more

Smoke testing is a preliminary test to check if the software is stable enough for further testing. Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing to check if the bugs have been fixed.

• Smoke testing is done to check if the critical functionalities of the software are working fine.

• Sanity testing is done to check if the bugs have been fixed and the software is ready for further testing.

• Smoke testing is done before sanity testing.

• Smoke testing is a high-level testing while sanit...read more

Answering questions on testing domain, API testing, and OOP concepts.

• Experience in testing domain includes knowledge of various testing techniques and tools.

• API testing involves testing the functionality of APIs and their integration with other systems.

• PUT and POST methods are both used for sending data to a server, but PUT is used for updating existing data while POST is used for creating new data.

• In Java, extends is used for inheritance of classes while implements is used f...read more

Verification and validation are two important processes in software testing. Test cases are specific conditions or scenarios to test the functionality of a system. Exploratory testing involves simultaneous learning, test design, and execution.

• Verification ensures that the software meets the specifications and requirements, while validation ensures that the software meets the customer's needs.

• A test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine w...read more

Testing applications can face challenges related to compatibility, security, performance, and user experience.

• Compatibility issues with different devices, operating systems, and browsers

• Ensuring security measures are in place to protect user data

• Performance testing to ensure the application can handle high traffic and usage

• Testing for user experience and usability to ensure the application is intuitive and easy to use

• Regression testing to ensure new updates or changes do not ...read more

I have used Java Collections such as ArrayList, HashMap, and HashSet in my project.

• ArrayList: Used to store and manipulate a list of elements.

• HashMap: Used to store key-value pairs for efficient retrieval.

• HashSet: Used to store unique elements without duplicates.

Difference between find element and find elements, and how to handle dropdown and mouse actions in Selenium.

• findElement() returns the first matching element on the page, while findElements() returns a list of all matching elements

• To handle dropdowns, use the Select class and its methods like selectByVisibleText() or selectByValue()

• To handle mouse actions, use the Actions class and its methods like moveToElement() or clickAndHold()

• It's important to use explicit waits to ensure...read more

Answering questions related to Senior Test Engineer interview

• Different keywords in Gherkin include Given, When, Then, And, But

• Example script for scenario: Given I am on the login page, When I enter valid credentials, Then I should be redirected to the dashboard

• Backend testing involves testing the server-side components of an application

• Java basic questions may include concepts like OOPs, exception handling, and data structures

Incremental and full load are two methods of data extraction and loading.

• Incremental load only extracts and loads new or updated data since the last load.

• Full load extracts and loads all data every time.

• Incremental load is faster and more efficient than full load.

• Full load is useful when there are major changes in the data source.

• Example: Incremental load extracts and loads only new customer data since the last load.

• Example: Full load extracts and loads all customer data ever...read more

The interview questions cover topics related to healthcare claim adjudication, database schemas, healthcare programs, OLTP vs OLAP, DWHS, and dimension tables.

• Claim adjudication process involves reviewing and processing insurance claims to determine payment or denial.

• Star schema is a type of database schema where a central fact table is connected to multiple dimension tables, while snowflake schema normalizes dimension tables by splitting them into sub-dimensions.

• Medicare is ...read more

SQL privileges control access to database objects such as tables, views, and procedures.

• SQL privileges are permissions granted to users to perform specific actions on database objects.

• Privileges include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and EXECUTE.

• Users can be granted privileges at the database, table, or column level.

• Examples: GRANT SELECT ON table_name TO user_name, REVOKE INSERT ON table_name FROM user_name.

Agile testing is important for ensuring continuous feedback, adapting to changes quickly, and delivering high-quality software.

• Agile testing allows for continuous feedback from stakeholders, leading to early detection and resolution of issues.

• It enables teams to adapt to changes quickly and efficiently, ensuring that the software meets evolving requirements.

• By incorporating testing throughout the development process, agile testing helps in delivering high-quality software in ...read more

final is a keyword used to declare constants, finalize is a method used for cleanup operations, and finally is a block used for exception handling.

• final is a keyword in Java used to declare constants that cannot be changed, like final int x = 10;

• finalize is a method in Java used for cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected, like protected void finalize() {...}

• finally is a block in Java used for exception handling to ensure a piece of code is always executed, l...read more

POST is used to create a new resource, while PUT is used to update an existing resource.

• POST is non-idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will create multiple resources.

• PUT is idempotent, meaning multiple identical requests will have the same effect as a single request.

• POST is often used for creating new records in a database.

• PUT is often used for updating existing records in a database.