100+ Test Lead Interview Questions and Answers

Yes, if the automation is planned and executed within the sprint timeline.

• Automation should be planned and estimated during sprint planning

• Automation scripts should be developed and executed within the sprint timeline

• Automation results should be reviewed and reported in sprint review

• Automation should not impact the sprint goal or other planned tasks

Test Plan and Test Strategy are two different documents used in software testing. They have different purposes and responsibilities.

• Test Plan is a detailed document that outlines the approach, scope, objectives, and schedule of testing activities.

• Test Strategy is a high-level document that defines the overall testing approach, resources, and tools to be used.

• Test Plan focuses on the specific details of testing, such as test cases, test data, and test environments.

• Test Strateg...read more

There are several status codes available in API testing to indicate the outcome of a request.

• 200 - OK: The request was successful

• 201 - Created: The request was successful and a new resource was created

• 400 - Bad Request: The request was invalid or could not be understood

• 401 - Unauthorized: Authentication is required and has failed or has not been provided

• 403 - Forbidden: The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it

• 404 - Not Found: The requested resource could ...read more

Scroll down to the element and use JavaScript to click on it.

• Scroll down to the bottom of the page using the browser's scroll bar or JavaScript

• Locate the element using its ID, class name, or XPath

• Use JavaScript to click on the element using the click() method

Root cause analysis is a critical step in preventing recurring issues. Various techniques can be used to avoid such issues.

• Identify the problem and gather data

• Analyze the data to determine the root cause

• Develop and implement a solution

• Monitor the solution to ensure it is effective

• Use techniques such as Fishbone diagram, 5 Whys, and Pareto chart

• Encourage open communication and collaboration among team members

• Conduct regular reviews and audits to identify potential issues

• Provid...read more

Yes, I can document business flows like a BA and publish.

• I have experience in documenting business flows and have done it in my previous roles.

• I can use tools like Visio or Lucidchart to create flowcharts and diagrams.

• I can also write detailed descriptions of the business flows.

• I will ensure that the documentation is clear and easy to understand for all stakeholders.

Status code series are 1xx, 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, and 5xx. They indicate the status of HTTP requests and responses.

• 1xx - Informational responses

• 2xx - Successful responses

• 3xx - Redirection messages

• 4xx - Client error responses

• 5xx - Server error responses

I communicate with stakeholders, analyze root causes, adjust timelines/resources, and implement process improvements.

• Communicate with stakeholders to manage expectations and discuss potential solutions

• Analyze root causes of the delivery not meeting expectations

• Adjust timelines or allocate additional resources if necessary

• Implement process improvements to prevent similar issues in the future

I have worked on various test automation frameworks including Selenium WebDriver, TestNG, JUnit, and Cucumber.

• Experience with Selenium WebDriver for web application testing

• Proficiency in TestNG and JUnit for test case management and execution

• Knowledge of Cucumber for behavior-driven development (BDD) testing

• Hands-on experience with data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks

Yes, I have used git commands extensively in my role as a Test Lead.

• git clone - used to clone a repository onto your local machine

• git add - used to stage changes for commit

• git commit -m 'message' - used to commit changes with a descriptive message

• git push - used to push changes to a remote repository

• git pull - used to fetch and merge changes from a remote repository

• git branch - used to create, list, delete, or switch branches

• git merge - used to merge changes from one branch i...read more

Test cases for automation are chosen based on their complexity, frequency of execution, and potential for regression.

• Identify test cases that are repetitive and time-consuming to execute manually.

• Select test cases that cover critical functionality or high-risk areas.

• Prioritize test cases that are prone to regression.

• Consider the complexity of test cases and their potential for automation.

• Evaluate the feasibility of automating test cases based on available tools and resources....read more

Inner Join is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Inner Join returns only the matching rows between the tables

• It is performed using the JOIN keyword in SQL

• The common column between the tables is specified using the ON keyword

• Example query: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

Postman is a popular tool used for API testing.

• Postman is a comprehensive API testing tool that allows testers to send requests, analyze responses, and automate testing workflows.

• It provides a user-friendly interface for creating and managing API requests, as well as features like test scripting, test data management, and result reporting.

• Postman supports various types of API testing, including functional testing, performance testing, and security testing.

• It also offers colla...read more

Response code '200' in SOAP UI means the request was successful.

• Response code '200' indicates a successful HTTP request.

• It means that the server has processed the request and is returning the requested data.

• It is commonly referred to as 'OK' status code.

• Other common response codes include '404' for not found and '500' for server error.

I would explain to the client the importance of performance testing in ensuring the project's success and meeting user expectations.

• Explain the benefits of performance testing in identifying and resolving performance issues before they impact end users

• Provide examples of how performance testing can help optimize application performance and scalability

• Highlight the risks of not conducting performance testing, such as potential downtime, slow response times, and negative user e...read more

POM framework pattern can be implemented by creating separate classes for each page and storing locators and methods in them.

• Identify the web pages and create a separate class for each page

• Store the locators and methods related to that page in its respective class

• Create a separate class for common methods and utilities

• Use inheritance to access the methods and locators from parent classes

• Use TestNG or JUnit to execute the tests

• Example: LoginPage.java, HomePage.java, BasePage.j...read more

Java Exceptions are errors that occur during program execution and can be handled using try-catch blocks.

• Exceptions are objects that are thrown when an error occurs

• They can be caught and handled using try-catch blocks

• There are three types of exceptions: checked, unchecked, and errors

• Checked exceptions must be handled or declared in the method signature

• Unchecked exceptions and errors do not need to be handled or declared

• Examples of exceptions include NullPointerException, Arra...read more

WCAG guidelines provide standards for web accessibility. POUR stands for Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust.

• WCAG stands for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

• WCAG provides guidelines for making web content accessible to people with disabilities.

• POUR is an acronym that represents the four principles of accessibility: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust.

• Perceivable means that the information and user interface components must be presented in a wa...read more

Criteria for choosing an automation framework include compatibility with technology stack, ease of use, scalability, community support, and cost.

• Compatibility with technology stack

• Ease of use for team members

• Scalability for future needs

• Community support for troubleshooting and updates

• Cost of implementation and maintenance

Yes, OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.

• OOPS is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

• It allows for the creation of reusable code through the use of classes and objects.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key concepts in OOPS.

• Example: In Java, classes and objects are used to represent real-world entities. For instance, a 'Car' class can have p...read more

Profiles control access to objects and fields, while roles control visibility of data access.

• Profiles determine which objects and fields a user can access.

• Roles determine which records a user can view or edit based on their job function.

• Profiles and roles work together to control overall access to data in Salesforce.

• Profiles can be assigned to multiple users, while roles are assigned to individual users.

• Profiles and roles can be customized to meet the specific needs of an org...read more

Project metrics are tracked using tools like Jira and Excel, focusing on key performance indicators such as test coverage, defect density, and test execution progress.

• Utilize tools like Jira and Excel to track project metrics

• Focus on key performance indicators such as test coverage, defect density, and test execution progress

• Regularly update and analyze the metrics to identify trends and areas for improvement

Cucumber is a BDD tool that allows writing test cases in plain English and automating them.

• Cucumber uses Gherkin syntax to write test cases in plain English

• It maps the plain English statements to code using step definitions

• Cucumber supports multiple programming languages like Java, Ruby, etc.

• It integrates with various testing frameworks like JUnit, TestNG, etc.

• Cucumber generates reports in various formats like HTML, JSON, etc.

Testcases with multiple data can be run using data-driven testing approach.

• Create a test script that can accept multiple sets of data

• Store the data in an external file or database

• Iterate through the data and execute the test script for each set of data

• Use a testing framework that supports data-driven testing, such as JUnit or TestNG

Testcases can be run in parallel by using tools like Selenium Grid, TestNG, JUnit, or by writing custom code.

• Use Selenium Grid to distribute tests across multiple machines

• Use TestNG or JUnit to run tests in parallel within a single machine

• Write custom code to execute tests in parallel using threads or processes

• Ensure that the tests are independent and do not interfere with each other

Polymorphism is used in framework to achieve flexibility and reusability by allowing objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Polymorphism is used in framework to create a common interface for different classes that implement the same method.

• It allows different classes to be treated as instances of a common superclass, enabling flexibility in the framework design.

• For example, in a test automation framework, polymorphism can be used to create a base class for d...read more

XPath in Selenium is used to locate elements on a web page using XML path expression.

• Use // to select nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are

• Use / to select nodes in the document from the root node that match the selection

• Use @ to select attributes

• Use text() to select the text of the element

• Examples: //input[@id='username'] to locate an input element with id 'username'

Sanity testing is a narrow and deep testing approach to check the core functionality of the application. Smoke testing is a wide and shallow testing approach to check the basic functionality of the application.

• Sanity testing is performed after the build is received and before regression testing.

• Smoke testing is performed after the build is received and before sanity testing.

• Sanity testing is focused on testing specific functionality or modules.

• Smoke testing is focused on test...read more

Cookies and cache are both used to store data, but cookies are stored on the client side while cache is stored on the server side. Agile methodologies are a set of principles and ceremonies used in software development.

• Cookies are small text files that are stored on the client's computer by a website. They are used to remember user preferences and login information.

• Cache is a temporary storage area on the server that stores frequently accessed data to reduce server load and i...read more

Requirement gathering in performance testing involves identifying the performance goals and objectives of the system under test.

• Identify the performance goals and objectives of the system under test

• Understand the user load and usage patterns

• Determine the response time and throughput requirements

• Identify the hardware and software configurations

• Define the test environment and data requirements

• Collaborate with stakeholders to gather requirements

• Document the requirements for futu...read more

Creating a framework from scratch involves identifying the requirements, selecting the appropriate tools and technologies, designing the framework architecture, and implementing the framework components.

• Identify the requirements for the framework

• Select the appropriate tools and technologies

• Design the framework architecture

• Implement the framework components

• Test and validate the framework

• Document the framework for future use

Apache POI is a Java library for working with Microsoft Office documents.

• Use POI to read, write, and manipulate Excel, Word, and PowerPoint files

• Create a workbook object to work with Excel files

• Use the HSSF (Horrible Spreadsheet Format) package for working with Excel files in .xls format

• Use the XSSF (XML Spreadsheet Format) package for working with Excel files in .xlsx format

• Use the HWPF (Horrible Word Processor Format) package for working with Word files in .doc format

• Use th...read more

Exceptions in Selenium are errors that occur during test execution.

• Exceptions can be caused by various factors such as incorrect syntax, invalid input, or unexpected behavior.

• Common exceptions in Selenium include NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, and StaleElementReferenceException.

• Handling exceptions is important for maintaining test stability and reliability.

• Try-catch blocks can be used to handle exceptions and provide alternative actions or error messages.

• Logging an...read more

Yes, challenges faced during automation are common.

• Identifying the right test cases for automation

• Maintaining the automation scripts as the application evolves

• Handling dynamic elements on the UI

• Dealing with flaky tests

• Integrating automation with CI/CD pipelines

• Ensuring cross-browser compatibility

• Managing test data and environment setup

• Balancing between manual and automated testing

Java program to check if two strings are anagrams using map and shift upper and lower case

• Create a map to store the frequency of characters in the first string

• Iterate through the second string and decrement the frequency of each character in the map

• If any frequency becomes negative, return false

• Check if all frequencies in the map are zero

• Use shift operator to convert upper case to lower case or vice versa

• Compare the two strings after converting them to lower case or upper cas...read more

Selenium wait is used to synchronize the test execution with the application's response.

• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing an exception if the element is not found.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur with a defined polling interval and timeout period.

• Thread.sleep(): Halts the execution of the test for a specified amount of time.

• WebDriverWa...read more

Test requirements should be analyzed by the test lead or a team of testers.

• The test lead should review the project requirements and identify the testing needs.

• The test lead should collaborate with the development team to ensure that the requirements are testable.

• The test lead should prioritize the testing requirements based on risk and impact.

• The test lead should document the testing requirements and communicate them to the testing team.

• The testing team should review and prov...read more

Program to reverse a number

• Convert the number to a string

• Reverse the string

• Convert the reversed string back to a number

A test plan is created by defining objectives, scope, resources, schedule, and approach for testing.

• Define objectives and scope of testing

• Identify resources needed for testing

• Establish a schedule for testing activities

• Outline the approach and methodologies for testing

• Include risk assessment and mitigation strategies

• Document test scenarios, test cases, and test data

• Define roles and responsibilities of team members

Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.

• Maven uses a Project Object Model (POM) to manage dependencies and build process

• It can download required dependencies automatically from a central repository

• Maven can also generate reports and documentation for the project

• Example: mvn clean install command builds and packages the project

• Example: pom.xml file contains project configuration and dependencies

RTM stands for Requirements Traceability Matrix. It is a document that links requirements to test cases to ensure all requirements are covered.

• RTM helps in ensuring all requirements are covered by test cases

• It provides traceability between requirements and test cases

• RTM helps in tracking the progress of testing based on requirements

• It assists in identifying any gaps in test coverage

• Example: If a requirement states 'User should be able to login', RTM will show which test cases...read more

A dictionary is a collection of words and their definitions, typically organized alphabetically.

• A dictionary is used to look up the meanings of words.

• It can also provide information on pronunciation, usage, and etymology.

• Dictionaries can be physical books or online resources.

• Examples: Merriam-Webster, Oxford English Dictionary

Overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already provided by its parent class, while overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Overriding involves inheritance and is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass.

• Overloading involves having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Overriding is determined at runtime based o...read more

Common exceptions in Selenium include ElementNotVisibleException, NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException, and WebDriverException.

• ElementNotVisibleException occurs when an element is present in the DOM but not visible on the page

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element cannot be found on the page

• TimeoutException occurs when a command takes too long to complete

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when an element is no longer attached to t...read more

Design a test environment for integration test scenario

• Identify the components/modules to be integrated

• Set up a dedicated integration testing server

• Ensure the test environment mirrors the production environment

• Use virtualization tools like Docker for easy setup and teardown

• Implement continuous integration for automated testing

• Monitor and analyze test results for improvements

I handle OTP in my script by using a separate function to generate and validate OTPs.

• I use a random number generator to generate OTPs

• I store the OTP in a variable and use it in the script as needed

• I validate the OTP by comparing it with the user input

• I handle cases where the OTP is incorrect or expired

Static block is a block of code that is executed when a class is loaded into memory.

• Static block is declared using the 'static' keyword.

• It is executed only once when the class is loaded.

• It is used to initialize static variables or perform any other one-time initialization tasks.

• Example: static { System.out.println('Static block executed'); }