Sophos Technologies Senior Software Engineer 1 Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Question related to operating system and computer network

Q1. Traverse all child nodes in tree
Ans. 
Traverse all child nodes in a tree data structure
• Use depth-first or breadth-first traversal algorithms

• Recursively visit each child node starting from the root node

• Consider using a stack or queue data structure for traversal

• Example: Traverse all nodes in a binary tree
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Q1. Question related to cloud and oops
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Q1. Question related to my background and how web site work
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Q1. JavaScript , coding questions
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Q1. Coding problem, JavaScript and nodejs question
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Normal online code / frontend test

Q1. How would you build book my show
Ans. 
Designing and building a platform similar to BookMyShow involves creating a user-friendly interface for booking tickets for various events.
• Develop a user-friendly website and mobile app for users to browse and book tickets for movies, concerts, plays, etc.

• Implement a secure payment gateway for users to make online transactions.

• Integrate a database to store information about events, venues, tickets, and user bookings.

• In...read more
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Q1. Solid principals, awareness of patterns
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Q1. How would you build tinyurl like service, systems designs
Ans. 
To build a tinyurl-like service, design a system with a URL shortening algorithm, a database to store mappings, and a redirect service.
• Use a hashing algorithm to generate short URLs from long URLs (e.g. MD5, SHA-256).

• Store the mappings of short URLs to long URLs in a database (e.g. MySQL, Redis).

• Implement a redirect service that takes a short URL, looks up the corresponding long URL in the database, and redirects the u...read more
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Q1. Non-technical questions
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Q1. Basic sql query and some project related questions
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Q2. What is indexing
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Q1. Some management questions
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Mainly 4 Questions
1-2 MCQ
3: Create a class deriving from IReptile and return an object of HatchEgg which has Hatch Method. Hatch Method should return same IReptile object.
4) Sorting IDs in dictionary

Q1. The Interviewer was Very Rude and he doesn't care about the Requirements of Hiring a candidate. he was constantly asking about Other Companies Architectures and The things you did in them. instead of havin...read more
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Q2. SOLID, Interfaces , Boxing/Unboxing
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Q1. Find longest palindromic substring in a given string.
Ans. 
Use dynamic programming to find the longest palindromic substring in a given string.
• Iterate through the string and expand around each character to find palindromes.

• Store the length of the longest palindrome found so far.

• Return the substring based on the start and end indices of the longest palindrome.
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Q2. How to serialize and deserialise a tree
Ans. 
To serialize and deserialize a tree, use a recursive approach to traverse the tree and store the data in a suitable format.
• Use pre-order traversal to serialize the tree by storing the node values in a list or string.

• For deserialization, reconstruct the tree by recursively building nodes from the serialized data.

• Consider using JSON or XML format for serialization to easily store and retrieve tree structure.
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Q3. Find if a given regex (containing ., * and lower case english chars) matches a given string.
Ans. 
Use regex library to match given regex with string.
• Use a regex library like re in Python to match the given regex with the string.

• Check if the regex matches the string using the library functions.

• Handle cases where the regex contains special characters like . and * appropriately.
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Q4. Explain about throttling and implement throttle function.
Ans. 
Throttling is a technique used to control the rate of requests sent to a server.
• Throttling helps prevent server overload by limiting the number of requests processed at a time.

• Implementing a throttle function involves setting a maximum request rate and delaying excess requests.

• Example: Implementing a throttle function in a web application to limit the number of API calls made to a third-party service.

• Example: Throttlin...read more
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Q1. Find squares of elements in a sorted array and return the sorted response.
Ans. 
Sort the squares of elements in a sorted array and return the sorted response.
• Iterate through the array and square each element.

• Store the squared values in a new array.

• Sort the new array and return it.
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Q2. Write a short promise example and implement your own promise
Ans. 
A promise is a commitment to do something in the future, typically used for asynchronous operations in JavaScript.
• Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations in JavaScript.

• They represent a value that may be available now, in the future, or never.

• Promises have three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.

• Example: new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve('Done!'), 1000); });
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Q3. Explain event loop, what are different types of queues in event loop
Ans. 
Event loop is a mechanism that allows for asynchronous execution of code by managing the order of events in a single thread.
• Event loop continuously checks the call stack for any functions that need to be executed, and processes them in a non-blocking manner.

• Different types of queues in event loop include microtask queue (Promise callbacks), macrotask queue (setTimeout, setInterval callbacks), and animation frame queue
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Q4. What is virtual DOM and why its faster
Ans. 
Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM, used to improve performance by minimizing direct manipulation of the real DOM.
• Virtual DOM is a concept used in frameworks like React to optimize rendering performance.

• Changes are first made to the virtual DOM, which is then compared to the real DOM to identify the minimal updates needed.

• This approach reduces the number of actual DOM manipulations, resulting in faster...read more
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Q1. Explain OOPS concept and how you apply it in your implementation
Ans. 
OOPS is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.
• OOPS focuses on the concept of classes and objects

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability to present the same interface for diffe...read more
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Q2. Difference between Comparable and Comparator. Difference between Abstract Class and Interface
Ans. 
Comparable is an interface used for natural ordering, Comparator is an interface used for custom ordering. Abstract class can have method implementations, Interface cannot.
• Comparable interface is used to define the natural ordering of objects. Example: String class implements Comparable interface for natural ordering based on alphabetical order.

• Comparator interface is used to define custom ordering of objects. Example:...read more
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Q3. Given a string. Find the number of occurrences of each character
Ans. 
Count occurrences of each character in a given string
• Create an array to store the count of each character

• Iterate through the string and increment the count of each character in the array

• Return the array with counts for each character
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Q4. Given an array. Remove the number of duplicates
Ans. 
Remove duplicates from an array of strings
• Iterate through the array and store each element in a set to keep track of unique values

• Create a new array with the unique values from the set
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Q5. Given a student object having name and grade data variables. Sort the object on the basis of highest grade.
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