100+ Senior Software Engineer 1 Interview Questions and Answers

An e2e system architecture design for user input to response output

• Identify user requirements and define system goals

• Choose appropriate technologies and frameworks

• Design system components and their interactions

• Ensure scalability, reliability, and security

• Test and validate the system before deployment

CRFS stands for Continuous Randomized Feedback System. It is a method used in clinical trials to collect data from patients.

• CRFS is a way to collect data from patients in clinical trials in real-time.

• It involves randomizing questions and collecting feedback from patients at various intervals.

• The data collected through CRFS can help researchers make informed decisions about the efficacy of a treatment.

• CRFS can be implemented through various methods such as mobile apps, web-bas...read more

Python is a general-purpose language while Node.JS is a JavaScript runtime environment.

• Python is used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.

• Node.JS is used for building scalable network applications and real-time web applications.

• Python is slower than Node.JS in terms of performance.

• Python has a larger standard library than Node.JS.

• Python is easier to learn and has a simpler syntax than Node.JS.

SQL is a relational database management system while NoSQL is a non-relational database management system.

• SQL databases are table-based while NoSQL databases are document-based, key-value pairs, graph databases, or column-based.

• SQL databases are structured while NoSQL databases are unstructured.

• SQL databases use SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and managing data while NoSQL databases use different query languages like MongoDB uses JSON-like documents.

• SQL databases...read more

onPause() and onStop() methods are called when switching from activity A to B.

• onPause() method is called when the activity is partially visible but still interactive.

• onStop() method is called when the activity is no longer visible to the user.

When assets are added to DAM, a background workflow is triggered to process and organize the assets.

• Assets are uploaded to DAM system by users or automated processes.

• Metadata is extracted from the assets to categorize and tag them.

• Assets are stored in appropriate folders or categories based on metadata.

• Assets may undergo transformations or conversions for compatibility.

• Notifications may be sent to relevant stakeholders about the new assets.

• Quality checks may be performed to e...read more

Program to swap two integers without using a temporary variable.

• Use bitwise XOR operation to swap the integers.

• XORing a number with itself results in 0.

• XORing a number with 0 results in the same number.

Threads are lightweight processes that enable multitasking within a single process.

• Threads allow multiple tasks to be executed concurrently within a single process.

• They share the same memory space and resources of the parent process.

• Threads can improve performance by utilizing available CPU resources more efficiently.

• Examples include web servers handling multiple requests simultaneously and video games rendering graphics while processing user input.

Comparison between LinkedList and ArrayList, explanation of Comparator in Java, logic for XML validation using Stack, and HLD for URL shortener.

• LinkedList is a doubly linked list while ArrayList is a resizable array

• LinkedList is efficient for frequent insertions and deletions, while ArrayList is efficient for random access

• Comparator interface in Java is used to define custom sorting logic for objects

• XML validation can be done by using a Stack to check the opening and closing ...read more

Creating custom templates involves defining a unique layout for a document or webpage. Static templates are fixed, while editable templates allow for customization.

• To create a custom template, define the layout and design elements such as headers, footers, and content sections.

• Static templates have fixed elements that cannot be changed by the user, while editable templates allow users to customize certain parts.

• Examples of static templates include a company letterhead with fi...read more

Use the given request attributes to generate multiple combinations in Config Builder

• Identify all the attributes in the request response structure

• Create a list of possible values for each attribute

• Generate all possible combinations of values from the attributes

Design principles guide software development for maintainability and scalability. Singleton ensures a class has only one instance.

• Design principles include SOLID, DRY, KISS, and YAGNI.

• The Singleton pattern restricts instantiation of a class to one object.

• Example: A configuration manager that loads settings once and provides access globally.

• Singleton can be implemented using a private constructor and a static method to get the instance.

The Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) is the deepest node that is an ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree.

• LCA is defined as the lowest node in the tree that has both nodes as descendants.

• To find LCA, traverse the tree recursively, checking if the current node is one of the targets.

• If both nodes are found in the left and right subtrees of a node, that node is the LCA.

• Example: In a tree with nodes 3, 5, and 1, the LCA of 5 and 1 is 3.

• If one node is the parent of the other, the par...read more

To optimize a multi-platform app for all users, consider responsive design, platform-specific features, user testing, and regular updates.

• Implement responsive design to ensure the app adapts to different screen sizes and resolutions.

• Utilize platform-specific features to enhance user experience on each platform (e.g. push notifications on mobile devices).

• Conduct user testing on different platforms to gather feedback and make necessary improvements.

• Regularly update the app to f...read more

Pseudo code demonstrates inheritance by showing how a subclass can extend a superclass's properties and methods.

• Define a superclass (e.g., Animal) with common properties and methods.

• Create a subclass (e.g., Dog) that inherits from the superclass.

• Use 'extends' keyword to indicate inheritance in pseudo code.

• Subclass can override methods of the superclass to provide specific behavior.

• Instantiate objects of the subclass to access inherited properties and methods.

Creating a timer with a counter involves setting up a countdown mechanism that triggers actions at specified intervals.

• 1. Initialize a counter variable to track the time remaining.

• 2. Set a timer using a scheduling function (e.g., setInterval in JavaScript).

• 3. Decrement the counter at each interval until it reaches zero.

• 4. Execute a callback function when the timer ends.

• 5. Example in JavaScript: const timer = setInterval(() => { counter--; if (counter <= 0) clearInterval(timer...read more

A Reddit-like application for sharing and discussing content

• User authentication and authorization

• Post creation and voting system

• Commenting system

• Subreddit creation and management

• Search functionality

• Real-time updates using websockets

I have used three jetpack components in my previous projects.

• Used jetpack component A for implementing navigation in Android app

• Utilized jetpack component B for handling lifecycle events in ViewModel

• Integrated jetpack component C for data persistence using Room database

There are four main types of services available in Android: Foreground Service, Background Service, Bound Service, and Intent Service.

• Foreground Service: Runs in the foreground with a visible notification. Example: Music player.

• Background Service: Runs in the background without a user interface. Example: Location tracking service.

• Bound Service: Allows other components to bind to it and interact with it. Example: Music player service bound to a music player activity.

• Intent Ser...read more

A work manager is a tool used in software development to manage and schedule background tasks efficiently.

• Manages background tasks in a way that optimizes resources and improves performance

• Provides features like task prioritization, task chaining, and task cancellation

• Ensures tasks are executed in a timely manner and handles task failures gracefully

• Examples include Android WorkManager for managing background tasks in Android apps

Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope.

• Hoisting allows you to use functions and variables before they are declared.

• Variables declared with var keyword are hoisted to the top of their scope, but not their assignment.

• Function declarations are fully hoisted, meaning they can be called before they are declared.

• Inline elements flow in the document from left to right, taking up only as much width as...read more

View model will get destroyed when the associated activity or fragment is destroyed.

• View model will get destroyed when the activity or fragment is finished or destroyed.

• If the activity is recreated due to configuration changes like screen rotation, the view model will be recreated as well.

• View model can also be explicitly cleared by calling ViewModel.clear() method.

To predict output for an interface program in C#

• Understand the input parameters and expected output of the interface program

• Analyze the logic and algorithms used in the program

• Consider edge cases and potential errors in the program

• Use debugging tools and test cases to validate the output prediction

C# program to reverse a string of text

• Use the ToCharArray method to convert the string to a char array

• Use a for loop to iterate through the array and reverse the characters

• Use the String constructor to create a new string from the reversed char array

Program to check if given string is palindrome

• Create a function that takes a string as input

• Convert the string to lowercase to ignore case sensitivity

• Remove all non-alphanumeric characters from the string

• Reverse the string and compare it with the original string

• If they are the same, return true, else return false

Java provides several default functional interfaces for functional programming, enhancing code readability and reusability.

• Predicate<T>: Represents a single argument function that returns a boolean. Example: Predicate<String> isEmpty = s -> s.isEmpty();

• Function<T, R>: Represents a function that takes an argument of type T and produces a result of type R. Example: Function<Integer, String> intToString = Object::toString;

• Consumer<T>: Represents an operation that takes a single ...read more

SOLID principles are five design principles aimed at making software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have one, and only one, reason to change. Example: A class handling user data should not also handle logging.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification. Example: Using interfaces to allow new functionality without changing existing code.

• L - Lis...read more