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React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
React allows developers to create reusable UI components.
It uses a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.
React uses JSX, a syntax extension that allows mixing HTML with JavaScript.
State and props are used for managing data and passing data between components.
React virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM that React uses to improve performance by minimizing actual DOM updates.
Virtual DOM is a representation of the actual DOM in memory.
React compares the virtual DOM with the actual DOM to determine the minimal changes needed to update the UI.
Changes are batched and applied efficiently to the actual DOM for better performance.
Example: When a user interacts with a R...
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Dec 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of the real DOM, used to improve performance by minimizing updates.
Real DOM is the actual HTML document, while Virtual DOM is a JavaScript object.
Virtual DOM updates are faster as it only updates the changed elements.
Real DOM updates are slower as it updates the entire tree.
React and Vue.js use Virtual DOM for efficient rendering.
Virtual DOM is not visible to the user, while Real DOM i
I appeared for an interview before Sep 2020.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
Round duration - 50 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
At the beginning of this round, the interviewer asked me about the data structures I knew. Linked lists, trees, graphs, arrays etc. was my answer. He asked me how well I knew Dynamic Programming. I said I wasn’t strong in that and he said that he would ask me a question on dynamic programming for sure.
Round duration - 40 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
The interviewer asked me if I was comfortable with the interview process so far and how the previous interviews were. I said it was good and he gave me the first problem to solve.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
The interviewer asked me some Computer Science fundamentals in this round as well as some behavioural questions.
Implement a Trie data structure with insert and search functions.
Create a TrieNode class with children and isEndOfWord attributes.
Implement insert function to add words by iterating through characters.
Implement search function to check if a word exists by traversing the Trie.
Example: Insert 'apple', 'banana', 'orange' and search for 'apple' and 'grape'.
Do lot of hard work and practice of Data Structures and Algorithms based questions. I personally recommend you Coding Ninjas and Geeks For Geeks for interview preparation.
Application resume tips for other job seekersMake your resume short and try to make it of one page only and do mention all your skills which you are confident of in your resume.
Final outcome of the interviewSelectedI applied via Newspaper Ad and was interviewed before Jun 2021. There were 3 interview rounds.
I appeared for an interview in Aug 2017.
Merge Sort is a divide and conquer algorithm that sorts an array by dividing it into two halves, sorting them separately, and then merging the sorted halves.
Divide the array into two halves
Recursively sort the two halves
Merge the sorted halves
Find pairs of integers in a BST whose sum is equal to a given number.
Traverse the BST and store the values in a hash set.
For each node, check if (X - node.value) exists in the hash set.
If yes, add the pair (node.value, X - node.value) to the result.
Continue traversal until all nodes are processed.
Merge overlapping time intervals into mutually exclusive intervals.
Sort the intervals based on their start time.
Iterate through the intervals and merge overlapping intervals.
Output the mutually exclusive intervals.
Example: [(1,3), (2,6), (8,10), (15,18)] -> [(1,6), (8,10), (15,18)]
Different types of hashing and alternative for Linear Chaining
Different types of hashing include division, multiplication, and universal hashing
Alternative for Linear Chaining is Open Addressing
Open Addressing includes Linear Probing, Quadratic Probing, and Double Hashing
An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree where the heights of the left and right subtrees differ by at most one.
AVL tree is a binary search tree with additional balance factor for each node.
The balance factor is the difference between the heights of the left and right subtrees.
Insertion and deletion operations in AVL tree maintain the balance factor to ensure the tree remains balanced.
Rotations are performed ...
Find the minimum number of squares whose sum equals to a given number n.
Use dynamic programming to solve the problem efficiently.
Start with finding the square root of n and check if it is a perfect square.
If not, then try to find the minimum number of squares required for the remaining number.
Repeat the process until the remaining number becomes 0.
Return the minimum number of squares required for the given number n.
Insertion sort for a singly linked list.
Traverse the list and compare each node with the previous nodes
If the current node is smaller, swap it with the previous node
Repeat until the end of the list is reached
Time complexity is O(n^2)
I appeared for an interview before May 2021.
Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Around 65-70 people sat for the test. 15 people were shortlisted. It consisted of the following to be done in 90 minutes.
- 28 MCQs based on core CS
- 2 Coding questions – everyone had different and random questions. Most questions were custom logic based (easy level) including some standard questions – LCS, LIS, topological sort.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy
Interviewer was very friendly. It started with the standard – tell me about yourself / introduce yourself type of question. Then he proceeded and asked two coding questions
Your friend has homework to complete. Help him by removing duplicates from a sorted linked list.
You are given the 'Head' of a sorted linked list. Modify the l...
Remove duplicates from a sorted linked list without adjacent duplicates.
Traverse the linked list while comparing current and next nodes.
If they are equal, skip the next node by updating the current node's next pointer.
Repeat until the end of the list is reached.
You are enrolled as a student and must complete N
courses, numbered from 1 to N, to earn your degree.
Some courses have prerequisites, which means that to take course i
,...
Check if it is feasible to complete all courses with prerequisites.
Create a graph representing the prerequisites with courses as nodes and edges as prerequisites.
Perform a topological sort on the graph to check if there is a cycle (if there is, then it's not feasible to complete all courses).
If there is no cycle, then it is feasible to complete all courses.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had only 1 question. The interviewer introduced himself. And he advised me to clearly understand the problem before proceeding.
You are given a binary tree of distinct integers, along with two nodes, ‘X’ and ‘Y’. Your task is to determine the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
The LC...
Find the Lowest Common Ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree.
Traverse the binary tree to find the paths from the root to nodes X and Y.
Compare the paths to find the last common node, which is the Lowest Common Ancestor.
Implement a recursive function to efficiently find the LCA.
Handle cases where one node is an ancestor of the other.
Consider edge cases like when X or Y is the root node.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Pretty Good Round. Fast Paced. We covered a lot of ground.
Design and implement a class BSTIterator
to perform an in-order traversal over a Binary Search Tree (BST). Your implementation should include the following me...
Design and implement a class BSTIterator to perform in-order traversal over a Binary Search Tree (BST).
Implement a parameterized constructor to initialize the iterator with the root of the BST.
Implement a method 'next()' to return the next smallest element in in-order traversal.
Implement a method 'hasNext()' to check if there exists a next smallest element in traversal.
Ensure the output is the in-order traversal of the
Given a binary array 'ARR' of size 'N', your task is to determine the maximum length of a sequence consisting solely of 1’s that can be obtained by converting at...
Find the maximum length of a sequence of 1's by converting at most K zeroes into ones in a binary array.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the current window of 1's and zeroes.
Use a sliding window approach to find the maximum length of consecutive 1's by flipping at most K zeroes.
Update the window based on the number of zeroes flipped and keep track of the maximum length found so far.
Return the maximum length ...
You are given an undirected and disconnected graph G(V, E)
having V
vertices numbered from 0
to V-1
and E
edges. Your task is to print its BFS traversal starting from the 0t...
BFS traversal of an undirected and disconnected graph starting from vertex 0.
Start BFS traversal from vertex 0 and visit all connected nodes in sorted order.
Use a queue to keep track of nodes to visit next.
Keep a visited array to avoid revisiting nodes.
Print the BFS traversal path as the nodes are visited.
Example: For input V=5, E=4 and edges 0-1, 0-2, 1-3, 2-4, the BFS traversal will be [0, 1, 2, 3, 4].
Given an undirected graph with V
vertices (labeled 0, 1, ..., V-1) and E
edges, each edge connects two nodes X
and Y
with a specified weight representing the dis...
Dijkstra's algorithm is used to find the shortest path distance from a source node to all other nodes in an undirected graph.
Implement Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path distance from node 0 to all other nodes in the graph.
Use a priority queue to efficiently select the next node with the shortest distance.
Initialize distances to all nodes as infinity, except for the source node which is 0.
Update distances t...
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Hard
Bar Raised Round. Definitely felt the difficulty.
You are given a string consisting of English alphabet characters. Your task is to identify and return the first character in the string that does not repeat...
Identify and return the first non-repeating character in a string, or the first character if all characters repeat.
Iterate through the string to count the frequency of each character
Iterate through the string again to find the first character with frequency 1
If no such character is found, return the first character of the string
Tip 1 : Practice at least 250 Questions, Give yourself enough time for preparation. Cramming won't take you very far. In books, I really liked Elements of Programming Interviews.
Tip 2 : Make sure to brush up your basics - coding style, OOPs, Language features. They help in making an impression.
Tip 3 : Don't worry about solving the question in the interview. Learn to tackle any random problem with the best of your ability. More often than not, that'd be enough.
Tip 1 : Keep your resume clean - no graphics, no multiple fonts. Keep it one page.
Tip 2 : Don't go over board in mentioning skills, only mention the things you are truly confident about.
I appeared for an interview before Jun 2016.
I am a passionate software developer with 5 years of experience in web development and a strong background in computer science.
5 years of experience in web development
Strong background in computer science
Passionate about software development
To separate personal and professional calls, and to ensure availability and accessibility.
Separate personal and professional calls
Ensure availability and accessibility
Maintain work-life balance
Avoid mixing personal and work-related contacts
Reverse a binary search tree while maintaining parent-child relationship.
Start by swapping the left and right child of each node recursively.
Use a depth-first search approach to traverse the tree.
Make sure to update the parent-child relationships accordingly.
To find min and max element in stack in O(1), we can use an auxiliary stack.
Create an auxiliary stack to keep track of the minimum and maximum elements.
Push the first element to both the main and auxiliary stack.
For each subsequent element, compare it with the top element of the auxiliary stack and push the smaller element to the auxiliary stack.
To get the minimum element, simply return the top element of the auxiliary...
Given an array, find the next minimum element for each element.
Iterate through the array
For each element, compare it with the elements on its right
Find the minimum element greater than the current element
If no such element exists, assign -1
Build the resultant array
Find median of input stream in minimum time complexity using online algorithm.
Use two heaps, one max heap for elements smaller than current median and one min heap for elements greater than current median.
Maintain balance between the two heaps by ensuring that the size difference is at most 1.
If the size of both heaps is equal, median is the average of the top elements of both heaps. Else, median is the top element of ...
To make a copy of a linked list with two pointers, iterate through the original list and create a new node for each element.
Iterate through the original linked list
Create a new node for each element
Set the 'next' pointer of each new node
Set the 'arbitrary' pointer of each new node
Reverse the nodes of a linked list in pairs of n
Iterate through the linked list in pairs of n
Reverse the nodes within each pair
Connect the reversed pairs together
Handle cases where the number of nodes is not a multiple of n
To check if a singly linked list is a palindrome, reverse the second half and compare it with the first half.
Traverse the linked list to find the middle node
Reverse the second half of the linked list
Compare the reversed second half with the first half to check for palindrome
Given a preorder of binary tree with leaf nodes represented by N, construct the tree.
Start by creating an empty stack.
Iterate through the preorder list.
If the current element is N, create a leaf node and push it onto the stack.
If the current element is not N, create a new node and set its left child to the top of the stack.
Pop the top of the stack and set it as the right child of the new node.
Push the new node onto the...
The question asks to find the maximum occupancy word in each line of a given multiline string and also count the occupancy of capital and small letters separately.
Split the multiline string into individual lines
For each line, split it into words
Initialize variables to store the maximum occupancy word and its count
Iterate through each word and count the occupancy of each letter
If the current word has a higher occupancy ...
I appeared for an interview in Sep 2016.
I am a passionate software developer with experience in Java, Python, and web development.
Experienced in Java, Python, and web development technologies
Strong problem-solving skills and ability to work in a team
Completed multiple projects including a web-based inventory management system
I appeared for an interview in May 2017.
based on 1 interview
Interview experience
based on 5 reviews
Rating in categories
Software Developer
5
salaries
| ₹2 L/yr - ₹4 L/yr |
TCS
Accenture
Wipro
Cognizant