Orient Technologies Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) layer is a conceptual model that describes the communication functions of a telecommunication system.

• Layer 1 (Physical Layer) - Transmits raw data bits over a communication channel.

• Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) - Provides error-free transfer of data frames between nodes over the physical layer.

• Layer 3 (Network Layer) - Provides logical addressing and routing of data packets between nodes ...read more

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. It is a logical grouping of devices on a network based on their function, project, or application.

• VLANs allow network administrators to segment a network into smaller, more manageable groups.

• Each VLAN has its own broadcast domain, which means that broadcasts are contained within the VLAN and do not spread to other VLANs.

• VLANs can be configured to span multiple switches, allow...read more

L2 is data link layer responsible for MAC addressing and error detection, while L3 is network layer responsible for IP addressing and routing.

• L2 operates on MAC addresses while L3 operates on IP addresses

• L2 is responsible for error detection and correction while L3 is responsible for routing

• L2 switches packets within a network while L3 routes packets between networks

• Examples of L2 devices include switches and bridges w...read more

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

• Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model.

• They use routing tables to determine the best path for data to travel.

• Routers can connect different types of networks, such as LANs and WANs.

• Examples of routers include Cisco, Juniper, and TP-Link.

• Routers can provide security features such as firewalls and VPNs.

Subnetting is the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks.

• Subnetting helps in efficient utilization of IP addresses.

• It improves network performance and security.

• Subnetting is done by borrowing bits from the host portion of an IP address.

• CIDR notation is used to represent subnet masks.

• Example: 192.168.1.0/24 represents a network with 256 IP addresses.