Morgan Stanley Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. What is encryption ?
Ans. 
Encryption is the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
• Encryption uses algorithms to scramble data into unreadable format

• It requires a key to encrypt and decrypt the data

• Common encryption methods include AES, RSA, and DES

• Used to secure sensitive information such as passwords, financial data, and communications
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Q2. Which encryption type is faster
Ans. 
Symmetric encryption is generally faster than asymmetric encryption.
• Symmetric encryption is faster because it uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.

• Asymmetric encryption is slower because it uses a pair of keys - public and private.

• Examples of symmetric encryption algorithms include AES and DES.

• Examples of asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA and ECC.
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Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

The round was conducted early in the morning.There were 3 sections:
1.Aptitude based on Maths and Logic
2.Questions based of core subjects and basic Data Structures
3.Coding Round -2 questions

Q1. 
Minimum Number of Vertices to Reach All Nodes Problem Statement
In a directed acyclic graph with 'N' nodes, given a matrix 'edges' of size M x 2 representing 'M' edges where each edge is directed from nod...read more
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Q2. 
Box Stacking Problem Statement
Consider you are provided with 'n' different types of rectangular 3D boxes. For each type of box, you have three separate arrays: height, width, and length that define the d...read more
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Round duration - 90 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

A face to face interview was scheduled with the interviewer.I was asked to solve a few coding questions and then asked questions based on OS and OOPS and some questions related to the working of my projects.

Q1. 
Sort 0 and 1 Problem Statement
Given an integer array ARR of size N containing only integers 0 and 1, implement a function to sort this array. The solution should scan the array only once without using an...read more
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Q2. 
Flatten a Multilevel Sorted Linked List
You are given a linked list with 'N' nodes, where each node contains two pointers: one is 'NEXT' pointing to the next node in the list, and the other is 'CHILD', po...read more
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Round duration - 40 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

I was asked basic HR questions and some questions based on my resume.
 

Q1. Duplicate characters in String
Ans. 
Finding duplicate characters in a string
• Iterate through the string and store each character in a hashmap with its count

• Check the hashmap for characters with count greater than 1 to find duplicates
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Q2. Dynamic element handling in screen
Ans. 
Dynamic element handling involves identifying and interacting with elements on a web page that change based on user actions or other factors.
• Use wait strategies like implicit, explicit, or fluent waits to handle dynamic elements

• Utilize techniques like XPath, CSS selectors, or unique attributes to locate dynamic elements

• Consider using frameworks like Selenium or Protractor for dynamic element handling
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Hacker rank test with 2 questions to solve

Q1. Just technical round, you should know basic in your language
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Haker rank test with basic java programming

Q1. Spring and jpa questions
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Q2. Basic string manipulation questions
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Basic questions about option trading

Q1. When would a put option holder exercise the option?
Ans. 
A put option holder would exercise the option when the underlying asset's price is below the strike price.
• Put option holders exercise when the market price of the underlying asset is lower than the strike price.

• They exercise to sell the asset at a higher price than the market price.

• Put options are often exercised before the expiration date if the market conditions are favorable.

• Exercising a put option allows the holder...read more
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Q2. If the price of a security is showing an upward trend, who would gain - a put option holder or a call option holder?
Ans. 
Call option holder would gain.
• A call option gives the holder the right to buy the security at a predetermined price, known as the strike price.

• If the price of the security is showing an upward trend, the call option holder can exercise their option and buy the security at the lower strike price, then sell it at the higher market price for a profit.

• On the other hand, a put option gives the holder the right to sell the s...read more
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Q3. Call option holder as he will be able to purchase at the exercise price
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Q1. What do you understand by hedge funds?
Ans. 
Hedge funds are investment funds that use various strategies to generate high returns for their investors.
• Hedge funds are typically only available to accredited investors due to their high-risk nature.

• They often use leverage and derivatives to amplify returns.

• Hedge funds can invest in a wide range of assets, including stocks, bonds, commodities, and currencies.

• Some hedge funds employ long-short strategies, where they s...read more
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Q2. Hedge funds in simple terms is like mutual funds but enjoy liberties far greater than mutual funds to invest in high risk and OTC instruments
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