200+ Magnate Architectural Auxiliary Services Interview Questions and Answers

Journal entry for prepaid rent paid at beginning and end of month affecting net worth.

• Debit prepaid rent account for the full amount paid at the beginning of the month

• Credit cash account for the same amount

• At the end of the month, debit rent expense account for the portion of rent used during the month

• Credit prepaid rent account for the same amount

• The entry at the end of the month affects the net worth as it reduces the prepaid rent asset and increases the rent expense

• Example...read more

The entry for share purchased today credited into demat on T+2 is a debit to the cash account and a credit to the demat account.

• Debit cash account

• Credit demat account

• Occurs on T+2

• Reflects purchase of shares

Sort a list of event dates in ascending order based on year, month, and day.

• Sort the list of dates based on year, then month, and finally day.

• Use a sorting algorithm to rearrange the dates in ascending order.

• Ensure the constraints are met for each date in the list.

The share price has an impact on the issue of dividends as it affects the dividend yield and the amount of cash paid out to shareholders.

• Share price affects the dividend yield, which is calculated by dividing the annual dividend per share by the share price.

• A higher share price reduces the dividend yield, making the stock less attractive to income-seeking investors.

• Share price also affects the amount of cash paid out as dividends. A higher share price may result in a lower di...read more

Find the maximum element in an array after performing a series of increment operations on specified ranges.

• Initialize an array of size N with all zeros

• Iterate through the operations and increment elements within specified ranges

• Return the maximum element in the array after all operations

Debugging steps for a slow web portal

• Check server load and resource usage

• Analyze network traffic and latency

• Review code for inefficiencies and optimize

• Use profiling tools to identify bottlenecks

• Consider caching and content delivery networks

• Test and monitor performance after changes

Count the number of distinct elements in every K-sized window of an array.

• Use a sliding window approach to keep track of distinct elements in each window

• Use a hashmap to store the frequency of elements in the current window

• Update the hashmap as you slide the window to the right and maintain the count of distinct elements

• Return the count of distinct elements for each window

Implement a function to sort an array of 0s and 1s in linear time complexity without using additional arrays.

• Iterate through the array and maintain two pointers, one for 0s and one for 1s.

• Swap elements at the two pointers to sort the array in place.

• Time complexity should be O(N) where N is the size of the array.

Find the shortest path between two nodes in a tree.

• Use BFS to traverse the tree and find the shortest path between the two nodes.

• Maintain a parent array to backtrack from the target node to the source node.

• Output the path by backtracking from the target node to the source node using the parent array.

Given an array and a target sum, find all pairs of elements that add up to the target sum.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the complement (target sum - current element) exists in a hash set.

• If the complement exists, add the pair to the result list.

• Sort the pairs based on the first element and then the second element.

• Handle edge cases like duplicate elements and pairs with the same values.

• Example: For input N=5, S=7, ARR=[3, 1, 2, 4, 5], the output shou...read more

Given an integer N, recursively break it into three parts and find the maximum sum possible.

• Recursively divide N into N/2, N/3, and N/4 to find the maximum sum

• Compare the sum obtained by dividing N with the sum of N itself

• Return the maximum sum for each test case

Calculate minimum weight capacity needed to deliver all packages within 'D' days.

• Iterate through the array of weights to find the maximum weight

• Use binary search to find the minimum weight capacity needed

• Check if the total weight loaded each day does not exceed the ship's maximum weight capacity

DCF is a valuation method used to estimate the value of an investment based on its future cash flows.

• DCF involves projecting future cash flows and discounting them back to their present value.

• It can be applied to equity by estimating the future cash flows of a company and discounting them back to their present value to determine the company's intrinsic value.

• DCF is commonly used in investment banking and finance to value companies and assets.

• It is important to use realistic a...read more

The problem involves finding the smallest set of vertices from which all nodes in a directed acyclic graph are reachable.

• Create a directed graph using the given edges.

• Perform a topological sort to find the vertices that can reach all other nodes.

• Output the smallest set of vertices in sorted order.

Find the highest value that occurs the same number of times within an array.

• Iterate through the array and count the occurrences of each value.

• Store the counts in a dictionary or hash map.

• Find the maximum count and check which value(s) have that count.

• Return the highest value among those with the maximum count.

The technical term for bond interest is coupon rate.

• Coupon rate is the fixed annual interest rate paid on a bond.

• It is expressed as a percentage of the bond's face value.

• For example, a bond with a face value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 5% will pay $50 in interest annually.

• Coupon payments are usually made semi-annually or quarterly.

Determine the minimum number of candies needed to distribute to students based on their performance and ratings.

• Iterate through the array of student ratings and assign 1 candy to each student initially.

• Then iterate from left to right and check if the current student's rating is higher than the previous student, if so, assign candies accordingly.

• Similarly, iterate from right to left to handle cases where the current student's rating is higher than the next student.

• Keep track o...read more

Bubble Sort is used to sort an array of non-negative integers in non-decreasing order by swapping adjacent elements if they are not in the correct order.

• Iterate through the array and compare adjacent elements, swapping them if they are in the wrong order.

• Repeat this process until the array is sorted in non-decreasing order.

• Time complexity of Bubble Sort is O(n^2) in worst case.

• Example: For input [6, 2, 8, 4, 10], the output should be [2, 4, 6, 8, 10].

Implement a function to perform topological sorting on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and return any valid ordering.

• Create a graph data structure to represent the DAG

• Use depth-first search (DFS) to perform topological sorting

• Maintain a visited array to keep track of visited nodes

• Return the ordering of nodes after DFS traversal

Given a number represented as a string, find the smallest number greater than the original with the same digits.

• Iterate from right to left to find the first digit that can be swapped with a smaller digit on its right.

• Swap this digit with the smallest digit on its right that is greater than it.

• Sort the digits to the right of the swapped digit in ascending order to get the smallest number.

• If no such number exists, return -1.

• Example: For S = '56789', the output should be '56798'...read more

Calculate the total amount of rainwater that can be trapped within given elevation map.

• Iterate through the array to find the maximum height on the left and right of each bar.

• Calculate the amount of water that can be trapped above each bar by taking the minimum of the maximum heights on the left and right.

• Sum up the trapped water above each bar to get the total trapped water for the elevation map.

Find the duplicate number in an integer array containing numbers from 0 to (N - 2).

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each number using a hashmap.

• Return the number that appears twice in the array.

• The duplicate number is always present in the given array.

Find the shortest path between two houses in a city represented as an unweighted graph.

• Use breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph.

• Start BFS from the source house and keep track of the shortest path to each house.

• Once the destination house is reached, backtrack to find the shortest path.

• Consider using a queue data structure to implement BFS efficiently.

Given a BST and a target value, find if there exists a pair of node values in the BST whose sum equals the target value.

• Traverse the BST in-order and store the node values in a set while checking for the target value difference.

• Use two pointers approach to find the pair of values that sum up to the target value.

• Consider edge cases like negative values and handling duplicates in the BST.

Identify the duplicate integer in an array containing numbers between 1 and N-1.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each element using a hashmap.

• Return the element with a frequency greater than 1 as the duplicate integer.

• Ensure the constraints are met and a duplicate number is guaranteed to be present.

Using bitwise operator to check the last bit of the number.

• Use bitwise AND operator with 1 to check the last bit of the number.

• If the result is 0, the number is even. If the result is 1, the number is odd.

• Example: 6 & 1 = 0 (even), 7 & 1 = 1 (odd)

Counting permutations where numbers between u and i+1 are less than i for all i in the permutation.

• The first number in the permutation must be 1.

• For each i in the permutation, all numbers between u and i+1 must be less than i.

• Use dynamic programming to count the number of valid permutations.

• The answer is (n-1)th Catalan number.

• Example: for n=4, the answer is 5.

Find the length of the longest substring with at most K distinct characters in a given string.

• Use a sliding window approach to keep track of the characters and their counts within the window.

• Maintain a hashmap to store the characters and their frequencies.

• Update the window size and characters count as you iterate through the string.

• Return the maximum window size encountered for each test case.

Given a string, determine if it can be split into three non-empty substrings where one is a substring of the other two.

• Check if any substring of the string is a substring of the other two substrings.

• Iterate through all possible splits of the string and check for the condition.

• Use two pointers to find all possible substrings efficiently.

Probability of a rectangle being inside a unit circle with p chosen uniformly on the circle and q inside the circle.

• The probability can be found by calculating the ratio of the area of the rectangle to the area of the circle.

• The area of the circle is pi and the area of the rectangle can be found using the distance between p and q.

• The probability is 1/4.

• Example: If the distance between p and q is 0.5, then the area of the rectangle is 0.25 and the probability is 0.25/pi.

Logic to get Map using Stream API to show balance of each person

• Use Stream API to group accounts by name

• Use map() to get the sum of balances for each group

• Collect the results into a Map

Flatten a multilevel sorted linked list while maintaining sorted order.

• Iterate through the linked list nodes and maintain a stack to keep track of child nodes.

• Merge the child nodes with the parent node in sorted order.

• Update the pointers to create a single level flattened linked list.

Determine the minimum number of platforms needed at a railway station so that no train has to wait.

• Sort the arrival and departure times arrays in ascending order.

• Use two pointers to iterate through the arrays and keep track of the number of platforms needed.

• Increment the number of platforms needed when a train arrives and decrement when a train departs.

• Return the maximum number of platforms needed at any point.

• Example: For AT = [900, 940, 950] and DT = [910, 1200, 1120], the ...read more

RBI increases Repo rate to control inflation by reducing money supply and increasing cost of borrowing.

• Repo rate is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks.

• When RBI increases Repo rate, it becomes expensive for banks to borrow money from RBI.

• Banks then increase their lending rates to customers, which reduces borrowing and spending.

• This reduces money supply in the economy, which helps in controlling inflation.

• For example, if inflation is high, RBI may increase Re...read more

Options give the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price, while futures require the buyer or seller to fulfill the contract at a specific date and price.

• Options provide flexibility to the buyer as they can choose whether or not to exercise the option, while futures require the buyer or seller to fulfill the contract.

• Options have a premium that the buyer pays to the seller for the right to buy or sell the asset, while futures do not have a...read more

Finding the probability distribution for the minimum of two random variables with given distributions.

• Use the formula P(min(x,y)>z) = P(x>z)P(y>z)

• Integrate over the range of z to get the distribution of min(x,y)

• Final distribution is 2ke^(-kx)ue^(-ux)exp(-uz)

Calculate the total sum of all root to leaf paths in a binary tree formed by concatenating node values.

• Traverse the binary tree from root to leaf nodes, keeping track of the current path sum

• Add the current node value to the path sum and multiply by 10 for each level

• When reaching a leaf node, add the final path sum to the total sum

• Return the total sum modulo (10^9 + 7)

Find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a binary tree.

• Traverse the binary tree to find the paths from the root to nodes X and Y.

• Compare the paths to find the last common node, which is the LCA.

• Handle cases where one node is an ancestor of the other.

• Consider edge cases like when X or Y is the root node.

• Implement a recursive or iterative solution to find the LCA efficiently.

Implement a function to find the minimum number in a rotated sorted array efficiently.

• Use binary search to find the minimum element in the rotated array.

• Compare the mid element with the start and end elements to determine which half of the array to search next.

• Continue the binary search until the minimum element is found.

Construct a maximum binary tree from an array of unique integers following specific rules.

• Find the maximum number in the array to set as the root of the tree.

• Recursively construct the left subtree with elements before the maximum number.

• Recursively construct the right subtree with elements after the maximum number.

Convert a sorted singly linked list into a Balanced Binary Search Tree (BST) using the same data values.

• Create a function to convert the linked list to a BST by finding the middle element as the root and recursively building the left and right subtrees.

• Maintain a pointer to the head of the linked list and update it as nodes are processed.

• Use level order traversal to output the values of the BST nodes, representing NULL nodes with -1.

• Ensure the height difference of the subtree...read more

Innovations to minimize cost of pen

• Use recycled materials for pen body and ink

• Simplify design to reduce production costs

• Implement refillable ink cartridges to reduce waste and cost

• Partner with companies for bulk purchasing of materials

• Automate production process to reduce labor costs

The task is to stack different types of rectangular 3D boxes to achieve the maximum possible height by following certain constraints.

• Sort the boxes based on their base dimensions in non-increasing order.

• Use dynamic programming to find the maximum height achievable by stacking the boxes.

• Consider all possible rotations of each box to maximize the height.

• Ensure that the base dimensions of the boxes below are strictly larger than the ones above.

• Handle multiple copies of the same ...read more

Return the boundary nodes of a binary tree in Anti-Clockwise direction starting from the root node.

• Traverse the left boundary nodes from root to leaf nodes in a top-down manner

• Traverse the leaf nodes from left to right

• Traverse the right boundary nodes from leaf nodes to root in a bottom-up manner

• Include only unique values in the boundary nodes

Given prob. p of dying out and prob. (1-p) of spawning into 2, find prob. of dying out starting from 1 organism.

• Use probability tree to visualize outcomes

• Probability of dying out starting from 1 is p + (1-p) * (probability of dying out starting from 2)^2

• Solve recursively to get final answer

Validate if a binary tree is a Binary Search Tree (BST) or not.

• Check if the left subtree of a node contains only nodes with data less than the node's data.

• Check if the right subtree of a node contains only nodes with data greater than the node's data.

• Ensure both the left and right subtrees are also binary search trees.

• Traverse the tree in an inorder manner and check if the elements are in sorted order.

• Recursively validate each node's value against its parent's value range.

Determine if a binary string can be sorted in decreasing order by removing non-adjacent characters.

• Iterate through the binary string and check if it can be sorted in decreasing order by removing non-adjacent characters.

• Keep track of the count of '1's and '0's in the string to determine if it can be sorted in decreasing order.

• If the count of '1's is greater than the count of '0's, the string can be sorted in decreasing order.

Implement a function to determine the total number of ways to make change for a specified value using given denominations.

• Use dynamic programming to keep track of the number of ways to make change for each value up to the target value.

• Iterate through each denomination and update the number of ways to make change for each value based on the current denomination.

• Return the total number of ways to make change for the target value.

• Example: For N=3, D=[1, 2, 3], V=4, the output sh...read more

Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next pointer points back to a previous node.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to determine if there is a cycle in the linked list.

• Maintain two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list.

Market cap is the total value of a company's outstanding shares. It's calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the number of shares outstanding.

• Market cap is short for market capitalization.

• It's a measure of a company's size and value.

• It's calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the number of shares outstanding.

• For example, if a company has 1 million shares outstanding and the current stock price is $50, the market cap would be $50 million.

• Market cap ...read more

Given an integer, sum its digits until a single-digit number is obtained. Determine the final single-digit integer.

• Iteratively sum the digits of the integer until a single-digit number is obtained

• Output the final single-digit integer for each test case

• Handle multiple test cases efficiently

• Ensure the final value is less than 10

Weak reference is a reference that does not prevent the object from being garbage collected.

• Weak references are used to refer to objects that can be garbage collected if there are no strong references to them.

• They are typically used in scenarios where you want to hold a reference to an object, but don't want to prevent it from being collected.

• Weak references are implemented using weak reference queues, which allow you to perform actions when weakly referenced objects are abou...read more

Possible values of determinant of matrix A given Avi=Vj for n linear vectors

• The possible values of |A| are non-zero as the given vectors are linearly independent

• The value of |A| can be calculated using the formula |A| = (-1)^n * det(A)

• If the given vectors are orthogonal, then |A| is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors

Count occurrences of a character in a string and output in a specific format.

• Use a hash table to store the count of each character.

• Loop through the string and update the count in the hash table.

• Create the output string using the hash table.

Implement a priority queue using a heap data structure by completing the provided class functions.

• Implement push(), pop(), getMaxElement(), and isEmpty() functions in the given class structure.

• Use a heap data structure to maintain the priority queue.

• Handle different types of queries (push, pop, getMaxElement, isEmpty) as per the given instructions.

• Ensure the functions return the correct values based on the type of query.

• Test the implementation with sample input and output pro...read more

A and B play a game with unfair coin. A wins if # of heads > #tails +1 at any point. Find prob. of A winning.

• The game is played with an unfair coin with P[Heads]=p

• A wins if # of heads > #tails +1 at any point

• Find the probability of A winning

Find the smallest missing positive integer in an array efficiently.

• Iterate through the array and mark positive integers as visited using index as value

• Iterate through the marked array to find the first missing positive integer

• Handle negative numbers by ignoring them during marking process

Use two threads to print even and odd numbers in increasing order.

• Create two threads, one for printing even numbers and one for printing odd numbers.

• Use a shared variable to keep track of the current number to be printed.

• Synchronize access to the shared variable to ensure correct ordering of numbers.

• Use a loop in each thread to print the next number and update the shared variable.

Find the second largest element in an array of integers. Return -1 if second largest does not exist.

• Iterate through the array to find the largest and second largest elements.

• Handle cases where all elements are identical by returning -1.

• Consider edge cases like empty array or array with less than 2 elements.

Call option holder would gain.

• A call option gives the holder the right to buy the security at a predetermined price, known as the strike price.

• If the price of the security is showing an upward trend, the call option holder can exercise their option and buy the security at the lower strike price, then sell it at the higher market price for a profit.

• On the other hand, a put option gives the holder the right to sell the security at a predetermined price.

• If the price of the secur...read more

HashSet is implemented using a HashMap internally. Same hashcode is generated when two objects have the same value for hashCode() and equals() methods.

• HashSet internally uses a HashMap to store its elements.

• The hashcode of an object is generated using the hashCode() method.

• If two objects have the same value for hashCode() and equals() methods, they will generate the same hashcode.

• For example, if two String objects have the same content, they will generate the same hashcode.

The probability of element at 20th position landing up at 31st position after the first iteration.

• The probability depends on the size of the dataset and the algorithm used for iteration.

• If the algorithm involves swapping adjacent elements, the probability is higher.

• If the dataset is sorted in a way that the element at 20th position is adjacent to the element at 31st position, the probability is 1.

• The probability can be calculated using combinatorics and probability theory.

Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance, while allowing global access to it.

• Implement a private constructor to prevent direct instantiation.

• Create a static method to provide a single point of access to the instance.

• Use lazy initialization to create the instance only when needed.

• Ensure thread safety in a multithreaded environment using synchronization or double-checked locking.

• Breaking the singleton pattern can be done by using reflection, serialization, or clo...read more

HashMap in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values based on keys.

• HashMap internally uses an array of linked lists to store key-value pairs.

• When a key-value pair is added, the key is hashed to find the index in the array where it will be stored.

• If multiple keys hash to the same index, a linked list is used to handle collisions.

• Retrieving a value involves hashing the key to find the index and then traversing the linke...read more

Finding f(n) for a normal standard distribution with a given constant k.

• Calculate the product of probability density function and cumulative distribution function.

• Integrate the product of f(x) and F(kx) from -inf to +inf.

• The value of k is a constant greater than 0.

Overriding equals and hashCode methods in Java is important for proper object comparison and hashing.

• Equals method is used to compare two objects for equality, while hashCode method is used to generate a unique integer value for an object.

• By overriding equals and hashCode methods, we can ensure that objects are compared based on their actual content rather than memory address.

• This is crucial for collections like HashMap and HashSet, where proper implementation of equals and h...read more

Enterprise value is the total value of a company, including debt and equity.

• Enterprise value is calculated by adding market capitalization, debt, and minority interest, and then subtracting cash and cash equivalents.

• It represents the total value of a company that an acquirer would have to pay to take over the company.

• Enterprise value is a more accurate representation of a company's value than market capitalization alone.

• For example, if a company has a market capitalization of...read more

Synchronized Collection is thread-safe but may have performance issues, while Concurrent Collection is optimized for concurrent access.

• Synchronized Collection uses synchronized keyword to achieve thread-safety, while Concurrent Collection uses non-blocking algorithms like CAS (Compare and Swap).

• Synchronized Collection locks the entire collection during modification, leading to potential performance bottlenecks, while Concurrent Collection allows multiple threads to access and...read more

Find root to leaf branches in a binary tree with sum equal to n, then find maximum length branches with sum equal to n.

• Traverse the binary tree using depth-first search (DFS) and keep track of the current path and its sum

• If a leaf node is reached, check if the sum equals n and store the path if it does

• For finding maximum length branches, store all paths with sum equal to n and then find the longest ones

• Example: Given binary tree with values [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], find branches with...read more

SQL Cursor is a database object used to manipulate data row by row.

• Cursor is used to fetch and process data row by row

• Index is a database object used to speed up data retrieval

• Aggregate functions are used to perform calculations on a set of values

• Examples of aggregate functions are SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN

Find local minima of an array in o(log n) in functional programming.

• Use binary search to find the local minima.

• Check if the mid element is a local minima, if not, move towards the lower side.

• If the mid element is greater than its left element, move towards the left side, else move towards the right side.

• Repeat until a local minima is found.

• Example: [5, 3, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9] -> local minima is 2.

Design a system for users to subscribe to topics and receive notifications for new messages.

• Create a user profile where they can select topics of interest to subscribe to.

• Implement a messaging system that sends notifications to users when new messages are posted related to their subscribed topics.

• Allow users to manage their subscriptions and preferences easily.

• Utilize a database to store user subscriptions and messages for efficient retrieval.

• Consider implementing push notifi...read more

Find two elements in a sorted array that add up to a given sum in linear time.

• Use two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end of the array.

• If the sum of the two pointers is greater than the target, move the right pointer to the left.

• If the sum of the two pointers is less than the target, move the left pointer to the right.

• Repeat until the sum is found or the pointers meet.

• Example: Given [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and target 7, return (2, 5).

A put option holder would exercise the option when the underlying asset's price is below the strike price.

• Put option holders exercise when the market price of the underlying asset is lower than the strike price.

• They exercise to sell the asset at a higher price than the market price.

• Put options are often exercised before the expiration date if the market conditions are favorable.

• Exercising a put option allows the holder to profit from a decline in the price of the underlying a...read more

package.json lists dependencies and package-lock.json ensures consistent installs.

• package.json lists all the dependencies required for the project

• package-lock.json ensures that the same versions of dependencies are installed across all environments

• package.json is manually edited while package-lock.json is generated automatically

• package-lock.json is used for reproducible builds

CopyOnWriteArrayList creates a new copy of the underlying array whenever an element is added, modified, or removed.

• CopyOnWriteArrayList is thread-safe and suitable for scenarios where reads are more frequent than writes.

• Adding, modifying, or removing elements in CopyOnWriteArrayList creates a new copy of the underlying array, ensuring thread safety.

• Iterators on CopyOnWriteArrayList operate on the original array and do not throw ConcurrentModificationException.

Valuation methods include market, income, and asset-based approaches, each used for different purposes.

• Market approach: based on comparable sales of similar assets in the market

• Income approach: based on the present value of expected future income generated by the asset

• Asset-based approach: based on the value of the asset's tangible and intangible assets

• Market approach is commonly used for real estate, income approach for businesses, and asset-based approach for liquidation or...read more

Implement a dynamic 2D excel sheet using DS

• Use a 2D array to store the data

• Implement functions to add, delete, and modify data

• Use data structures like linked lists or hash tables for efficient searching and sorting

• Implement dynamic resizing to handle large amounts of data

• Use GUI libraries like Tkinter or PyQt for user interface

Tower and Morgan Stanley are both financial services companies.

• Tower is a global investment management firm with over $1 trillion in assets under management.

• Morgan Stanley is a multinational investment bank and financial services company.

• Both companies offer a range of financial services including wealth management, investment banking, and asset management.

• Tower is known for its focus on sustainable investing, while Morgan Stanley has a strong presence in mergers and acquisit...read more

I am a detail-oriented analyst with knowledge of various Excel functions.

• I am proficient in basic functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, COUNT, etc.

• I am also familiar with more advanced functions such as VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, INDEX, MATCH, IF, AND, OR, etc.

• I have experience using PivotTables, PivotCharts, and creating macros to automate tasks.

• I am constantly learning and exploring new functions to improve my skills.

Joining tables in DBMS evolved as a solution to handle complex data relationships.

• Joins allow combining data from multiple tables based on a common column.

• The concept of joins originated from the need to handle complex data relationships.

• Joins can be inner, outer, left, right, or cross depending on the type of data required.

• Joins can improve query performance by reducing the number of queries needed to retrieve data.

• Joins can also help in data normalization by reducing data r...read more

Build a system where people can subscribe to a topic and receive messages related to that topic.

• Create a subscription system where users can choose topics of interest

• Implement a messaging system to post messages related to topics

• Store user subscriptions and messages in a database

• Send notifications to subscribed users when a message is posted for their subscribed topic

To find an even length palindrome in a string in O(n), we can use the two-pointer approach.

• Initialize two pointers at the center of the string.

• Expand the pointers outwards while checking if the characters at both pointers are equal.

• If they are not equal, return the previous substring as the even length palindrome.

• If the pointers reach the end of the string, return the entire string as the even length palindrome.

Use a HashMap data structure to store unique words and their frequencies.

• Use a HashMap<String, Integer> to store unique words as keys and their frequencies as values.

• Iterate through each word in the novel, updating the frequency count in the HashMap.

• At the end, the HashMap will contain unique words and their frequencies.

I want to work at Morgan Stanley because of its reputation for excellence in finance, global presence, and opportunities for growth.

• Morgan Stanley is a renowned financial institution known for its excellence in finance

• I am attracted to the global presence of Morgan Stanley and the opportunity to work on international projects

• I believe working at Morgan Stanley will provide me with opportunities for professional growth and development

Code to sort a list without pipes

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, insertion sort, or selection sort

• Implement the algorithm in the programming language of your choice

• Test the code with different input sizes and types

A hash map is a data structure that stores key-value pairs, while a hash set is a data structure that stores unique elements.

• Hash map allows for efficient retrieval of values based on keys.

• Hash set only stores unique elements and does not allow duplicates.

• Time complexity for hash map and hash set operations is generally O(1) on average, but can be O(n) in worst case scenarios.

• Examples of hash map operations include inserting a key-value pair, retrieving a value based on a key...read more

Hedge funds are alternative investment vehicles that use pooled funds to employ various strategies to generate high returns.

• Hedge funds are privately owned and managed investment funds

• They use a variety of investment strategies such as long-short equity, global macro, and event-driven

• They are typically only available to accredited investors due to their high-risk nature

• Components of financial statements include balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement

To ensure package versions are taken from package-lock.json, use npm ci instead of npm install.

• npm ci installs packages based on package-lock.json

• npm install may update package versions in package.json

• Always commit package-lock.json to version control

Prove N>=N^.5+N^(1/3)+N^(1/4) for N>=a

• Use AM-GM inequality

• Substitute N with a and prove the inequality holds

• Use calculus to find the minimum value of the expression

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can only extend one abstract class, but can implement multiple interfaces.

• Abstract classes are used to define common characteristics of subclasses, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.

• Example: Abstract class 'Shape' wit...read more

To debug Out of Memory Error, analyze memory usage and garbage collection algorithm of JVM.

• Analyze heap dump to identify memory leaks

• Check if JVM is running out of heap space

• Analyze garbage collection logs to identify any issues

• Tune JVM parameters to optimize memory usage

• Consider using a profiler to identify memory-intensive code

• Check for any large objects or arrays that may be causing the issue

Implementation of shared and unique pointers in C++ with operator overloading.

• Implement a class for shared pointer with reference counting.

• Handle assignment by incrementing reference count and decrementing old pointer's count.

• Overload -> and * operators to access underlying object.

• Use shared pointer in main method by creating instances and passing them around.

• For unique pointer, implement a class that transfers ownership upon assignment.

Annotations used in Spring Framework for defining components and services.

• Annotations like @Component, @Service, and @Controller are used for defining components in Spring Framework.

• @RestController is used for defining RESTful web services.

• @Configuration is used for defining configuration classes.

• @Transactional is used for defining transactional methods.

• All these annotations help in defining and managing dependencies in Spring Framework.

Number of inversions in an array in O(nlogn) time.

• Use merge sort algorithm to count inversions

• Divide the array into two halves and recursively count inversions

• Merge the two halves and count split inversions

• Time complexity is O(nlogn)

Hedge funds are investment funds that pool capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and use various strategies to generate high returns.

• Hedge funds typically have high minimum investment requirements and are only available to accredited investors.

• They often use leverage and derivatives to amplify returns.

• Hedge funds can invest in a wide range of assets, including stocks, bonds, commodities, and real estate.

• Common hedge fund strategies include long/short ...read more