10+ Vraj Global School Interview Questions and Answers

Remove duplicates from a string

• Convert string to char array

• Create a HashSet to store unique characters

• Iterate through char array and add to HashSet

• Convert HashSet back to string

Insert a node to the middle of a linked list

• Find the middle node using slow and fast pointers

• Create a new node with the data to be inserted

• Adjust the pointers to insert the new node in the middle

CMOS inverter is a digital logic gate that converts input signal to its complementary output signal.

• CMOS inverter consists of a PMOS and an NMOS transistor connected in series.

• When input is high, PMOS is off and NMOS is on, output is low.

• When input is low, PMOS is on and NMOS is off, output is high.

• Body bias effect is the change in threshold voltage of MOSFET due to variation in body voltage.

• MOSFET is preferred over BJT due to its low power consumption and high input impedanc...read more

Volatile and extern are keywords in C for memory management. Local and external linkages determine scope. SW and HW interrupts handle events. Different scheduling algorithms manage task priorities.

• Volatile keyword is used to indicate that a variable may be changed unexpectedly, typically by hardware. Example: volatile int x;

• Extern keyword is used to declare a variable that is defined in another file. Example: extern int y;

• Local linkage restricts the scope of a variable to the...read more

Use the 3 ltr jug to fill the 5 ltr jug twice, leaving 1 ltr in the 3 ltr jug. Then fill the 3 ltr jug and pour it into the 5 ltr jug.

• Fill the 5 ltr jug twice with the 3 ltr jug

• 1 ltr will be left in the 3 ltr jug

• Fill the 3 ltr jug and pour it into the 5 ltr jug

• 4 ltr of water will be in the 5 ltr jug

Square shaped egg is a hypothetical concept that defies the laws of nature.

• Square shaped egg is not possible in reality due to the shape of the hen's reproductive system.

• It is a popular topic in science fiction and fantasy literature.

• In some cultures, square shaped eggs are considered a symbol of good luck or prosperity.

• The concept of square shaped egg can be used as a metaphor for something that is impossible or unrealistic.

Addition and deletion operations in a linked list using C coding

• Use a struct to define the linked list node

• For addition, allocate memory for new node, update pointers accordingly

• For deletion, update pointers to skip the node to be deleted

Count pairs in an array with a given difference

• Sort the array to easily find pairs

• Use two pointers approach to find pairs with difference equal to k

• Keep track of unique pairs to avoid duplicates

Use two pointers to iterate through the list and remove duplicates by updating next pointers

• Initialize two pointers, current and next, to iterate through the list

• Compare current and next node values, if equal, update next pointer to skip duplicate node

• Repeat until end of list is reached

Burst errors can be detected and corrected using error detection and correction codes.

• Use error detection codes like CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) to detect burst errors

• Use error correction codes like Reed-Solomon codes to correct burst errors

• Re-transmit the data if the error cannot be corrected

• Implement error detection and correction algorithms in the communication protocol or data storage system

Yes, setup and hold uncertainty values are different in physical design engineering.

• Setup uncertainty is related to the arrival time of the data signal at the input of the flip-flop, while hold uncertainty is related to the removal time of the data signal.

• Setup time is the minimum amount of time the data input must be stable before the clock edge, while hold time is the minimum amount of time the data input must be stable after the clock edge.

• Setup and hold times are critical...read more

To delete a node in a single linked list, update the previous node's next pointer to skip over the node to be deleted.

• Traverse the linked list to find the node to be deleted

• Update the previous node's next pointer to skip over the node to be deleted

• Free the memory allocated to the node to be deleted

Dereferencing a null pointer means trying to access the memory location pointed to by a null pointer.

• Dereferencing a null pointer can lead to a segmentation fault or access violation.

• Example: int *ptr = NULL; int value = *ptr; // This will result in a segmentation fault.

malloc is used to allocate memory without initializing it, while calloc is used to allocate memory and initialize it to zero.

• malloc allocates a block of memory of specified size, while calloc allocates a block of memory for an array of elements and initializes them to zero

• malloc does not initialize the allocated memory, while calloc initializes the allocated memory to zero

• malloc returns a pointer to the allocated memory block, while calloc returns a pointer to the allocated a...read more