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20+ Edunext Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 12 Jan 2025
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Q1. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans.

Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.

  • Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

  • A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

  • Abstract classes are used to define a common base class for related classes, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.

  • Example: Abstract class 'Sh...read more

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Q2. Can you explain the life cycles of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture?
Ans.

MVC architecture consists of three components - Model, View, and Controller, each with its own responsibilities.

  • Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

  • View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.

  • Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.

  • Changes in one component do not directly affect the others, promoting separation of concerns.

  • Example: In a web application, the Model ...read more

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Q3. What is the difference between intermediate and terminal operations on Stream in Java?
Ans.

Intermediate operations return a new stream and allow further operations, while terminal operations produce a result or side-effect.

  • Intermediate operations include filter(), map(), sorted(), etc.

  • Terminal operations include forEach(), collect(), reduce(), etc.

  • Intermediate operations are lazy and only executed when a terminal operation is called.

  • Terminal operations are eager and trigger the stream to process the data.

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Q4. Can you explain the internal working of a hash map in Java?
Ans.

A hash map in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values based on keys.

  • Hash map uses an array to store key-value pairs.

  • Keys are hashed to determine the index where the value will be stored.

  • Collision resolution techniques like chaining or open addressing are used to handle hash collisions.

  • Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key", 123); int value = map.get("key");

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Q5. What are the benefits of using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture?
Ans.

MVC architecture separates concerns, improves code organization, promotes reusability, and enhances maintainability.

  • Separates concerns: MVC separates the application into three main components - Model, View, and Controller, allowing for easier management of code and logic.

  • Improves code organization: Each component in MVC has a specific role, making it easier to organize and maintain code.

  • Promotes reusability: With clear separation of concerns, components can be reused in diff...read more

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Q6. What are the differences between RANK() and ROW_NUMBER() in SQL?
Ans.

RANK() assigns a unique rank to each row based on the specified column, while ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique sequential row number to each row.

  • RANK() may have gaps in the ranking if there are ties, while ROW_NUMBER() will not have any gaps.

  • RANK() will assign the same rank to rows with the same value, while ROW_NUMBER() will assign a unique row number to each row.

  • ROW_NUMBER() is used to generate a unique sequential number for each row in a result set, while RANK() is used to as...read more

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Q7. What is the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder in Java?
Ans.

StringBuffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while StringBuilder is not synchronized and faster.

  • StringBuffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

  • StringBuilder is not synchronized, making it faster but not thread-safe.

  • Use StringBuffer when thread safety is needed, and StringBuilder for better performance in single-threaded scenarios.

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Q8. What are the override and virtual keywords in C#?
Ans.

Override and virtual are keywords in C# used for method overriding and polymorphism.

  • Override keyword is used to provide a new implementation for a method in a derived class that is already defined in a base class.

  • Virtual keyword is used to allow a method to be overridden in a derived class.

  • Override keyword is used in the derived class to indicate that a method overrides a base class method.

  • Virtual keyword is used in the base class to indicate that a method can be overridden i...read more

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Q9. What is a Common Table Expression (CTE) in SQL?
Ans.

CTE is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement in SQL.

  • CTEs help improve readability and maintainability of complex SQL queries.

  • They can be recursive, allowing for hierarchical data querying.

  • CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword followed by the CTE name and query.

  • Example: WITH cte_name AS (SELECT * FROM table_name) SELECT * FROM cte_name;

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Q10. How is memory allocated for a string in Java?
Ans.

Memory for a string in Java is allocated on the heap, with a reference stored on the stack.

  • Strings in Java are immutable, so once created they cannot be changed.

  • String objects are stored on the heap, while references to them are stored on the stack.

  • String literals are stored in a special memory area called the String Pool.

  • String objects can also be created using the 'new' keyword.

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Q11. What are the different types of hashmaps in Java?
Ans.

Types of hashmaps in Java include HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.

  • HashMap: basic implementation, no order guaranteed

  • LinkedHashMap: maintains insertion order

  • TreeMap: sorted by natural order or custom comparator

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Q12. What are the features of Java 8?
Ans.

Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and the new Date and Time API.

  • Lambda expressions allow you to write more concise code by providing a way to pass functions as arguments.

  • Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

  • Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and perform aggregate operations on them.

  • The new Date and Time API p...read more

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Q13. What is the difference between hashmap and hash table

Ans.

HashMap is non-synchronized and allows null values and keys, while HashTable is synchronized and does not allow null values or keys.

  • HashMap is non-synchronized, meaning it is not thread-safe, while HashTable is synchronized and thread-safe.

  • HashMap allows null values and keys, while HashTable does not allow null values or keys.

  • HashMap is generally preferred for non-threaded applications, while HashTable is used in multi-threaded environments.

  • Example: HashMap map = new HashMap<...read more

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Q14. Why are Web APIs used?
Ans.

Web APIs are used to allow different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet.

  • Web APIs allow different systems to interact and share data

  • They enable developers to access specific features or data from a remote server

  • They help in building more dynamic and interactive web applications

  • Examples include Google Maps API for integrating maps into websites, Twitter API for accessing tweets, and Spotify API for music streaming

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Q15. What is a stored procedure?
Ans.

A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be called by name to perform a specific task.

  • Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing network traffic and improving security.

  • They can be reused across multiple applications and users.

  • Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.

  • Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'IT';

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Q16. What is dependency injection?
Ans.

Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

  • Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies

  • Promotes loose coupling between components

  • Improves code reusability and maintainability

  • Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection

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Q17. Design a controller method for validating user name and password.

Ans.

Controller method for validating user name and password

  • Accept user input for username and password

  • Check if username and password meet specified criteria (e.g. length, special characters)

  • Query database to verify if username and password match stored credentials

  • Return success or error message based on validation results

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Q18. What is the internal working of streams

Ans.

Streams in software development are sequences of data that can be processed sequentially or in parallel.

  • Streams are used for processing large amounts of data efficiently.

  • They can be used for reading from or writing to files, network connections, or other sources.

  • Streams can be processed synchronously or asynchronously.

  • Examples include reading a file line by line, processing a stream of sensor data, or downloading a large file in chunks.

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Q19. UseJava 8 to sort list of integer

Ans.

Use Java 8 stream API to sort a list of integers

  • Use stream() method to convert the list to a stream

  • Use sorted() method to sort the integers

  • Collect the sorted integers back to a list using collect() method

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Q20. What is Java 8 stream

Ans.

Java 8 stream is a sequence of elements that supports functional-style operations.

  • Java 8 stream allows for processing collections of objects in a functional way.

  • Streams can be created from various data sources like collections, arrays, or I/O resources.

  • Common stream operations include map, filter, reduce, and collect.

  • Streams are lazy, meaning they only perform operations when necessary.

  • Example: List names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"); Stream stream = names.strea...read more

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Q21. What is clonable object

Ans.

A clonable object is an object that can create a copy of itself, allowing for duplication without affecting the original object.

  • Clonable objects implement the Cloneable interface in Java.

  • The clone() method is used to create a copy of the object.

  • Cloning can be shallow or deep, depending on the requirements.

  • Examples of clonable objects include ArrayList, HashMap, and custom classes that implement Cloneable.

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Q22. What is ODATA Service

Ans.

ODATA Service is a protocol for querying and updating data using RESTful APIs.

  • ODATA stands for Open Data Protocol

  • It allows for querying and updating data using standard HTTP methods

  • Supports filtering, sorting, and pagination of data

  • Commonly used in web and mobile applications for data access

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Q23. Explain Java 8 feature.

Ans.

Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods in interfaces.

  • Lambda expressions allow you to pass functionality as an argument to a method.

  • Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

  • Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements efficiently.

  • Default methods allow interfaces to have methods with implementation.

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Q24. internal working of hashset

Ans.

HashSet is a collection that stores unique elements using hashing.

  • Uses hashing to store elements for fast retrieval

  • Does not allow duplicate elements

  • Does not maintain insertion order

  • Example: HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); set.add("apple");

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Q25. Type of Kafka Topics

Ans.

Kafka topics are categories to which messages are published by producers and from which consumers can read messages.

  • Topics are used to organize and categorize messages in Kafka.

  • Each topic can have multiple partitions to allow for parallel processing.

  • Topics can have different retention policies and configurations.

  • Examples: 'user_activity', 'order_updates', 'payment_events'

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Q26. Write test cases.

Ans.

Writing test cases for a software application.

  • Identify the functionality to be tested

  • Determine the input data and expected output

  • Write test cases for positive and negative scenarios

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