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20+ Edunext Technologies Interview Questions and Answers
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.
A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.
Abstract classes are used to define a common base class for related classes, while interfaces are used to define a contract for classes to implement.
Example: Abstract class 'Sh...read more
MVC architecture consists of three components - Model, View, and Controller, each with its own responsibilities.
Model represents the data and business logic of the application.
View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.
Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.
Changes in one component do not directly affect the others, promoting separation of concerns.
Example: In a web application, the Model ...read more
Intermediate operations return a new stream and allow further operations, while terminal operations produce a result or side-effect.
Intermediate operations include filter(), map(), sorted(), etc.
Terminal operations include forEach(), collect(), reduce(), etc.
Intermediate operations are lazy and only executed when a terminal operation is called.
Terminal operations are eager and trigger the stream to process the data.
A hash map in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values based on keys.
Hash map uses an array to store key-value pairs.
Keys are hashed to determine the index where the value will be stored.
Collision resolution techniques like chaining or open addressing are used to handle hash collisions.
Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key", 123); int value = map.get("key");
MVC architecture separates concerns, improves code organization, promotes reusability, and enhances maintainability.
Separates concerns: MVC separates the application into three main components - Model, View, and Controller, allowing for easier management of code and logic.
Improves code organization: Each component in MVC has a specific role, making it easier to organize and maintain code.
Promotes reusability: With clear separation of concerns, components can be reused in diff...read more
RANK() assigns a unique rank to each row based on the specified column, while ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique sequential row number to each row.
RANK() may have gaps in the ranking if there are ties, while ROW_NUMBER() will not have any gaps.
RANK() will assign the same rank to rows with the same value, while ROW_NUMBER() will assign a unique row number to each row.
ROW_NUMBER() is used to generate a unique sequential number for each row in a result set, while RANK() is used to as...read more
StringBuffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while StringBuilder is not synchronized and faster.
StringBuffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.
StringBuilder is not synchronized, making it faster but not thread-safe.
Use StringBuffer when thread safety is needed, and StringBuilder for better performance in single-threaded scenarios.
Override and virtual are keywords in C# used for method overriding and polymorphism.
Override keyword is used to provide a new implementation for a method in a derived class that is already defined in a base class.
Virtual keyword is used to allow a method to be overridden in a derived class.
Override keyword is used in the derived class to indicate that a method overrides a base class method.
Virtual keyword is used in the base class to indicate that a method can be overridden i...read more
CTE is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement in SQL.
CTEs help improve readability and maintainability of complex SQL queries.
They can be recursive, allowing for hierarchical data querying.
CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword followed by the CTE name and query.
Example: WITH cte_name AS (SELECT * FROM table_name) SELECT * FROM cte_name;
Memory for a string in Java is allocated on the heap, with a reference stored on the stack.
Strings in Java are immutable, so once created they cannot be changed.
String objects are stored on the heap, while references to them are stored on the stack.
String literals are stored in a special memory area called the String Pool.
String objects can also be created using the 'new' keyword.
Types of hashmaps in Java include HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.
HashMap: basic implementation, no order guaranteed
LinkedHashMap: maintains insertion order
TreeMap: sorted by natural order or custom comparator
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and the new Date and Time API.
Lambda expressions allow you to write more concise code by providing a way to pass functions as arguments.
Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.
Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and perform aggregate operations on them.
The new Date and Time API p...read more
Q13. What is the difference between hashmap and hash table
HashMap is non-synchronized and allows null values and keys, while HashTable is synchronized and does not allow null values or keys.
HashMap is non-synchronized, meaning it is not thread-safe, while HashTable is synchronized and thread-safe.
HashMap allows null values and keys, while HashTable does not allow null values or keys.
HashMap is generally preferred for non-threaded applications, while HashTable is used in multi-threaded environments.
Example: HashMap
map = new HashMap<...read more
Web APIs are used to allow different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet.
Web APIs allow different systems to interact and share data
They enable developers to access specific features or data from a remote server
They help in building more dynamic and interactive web applications
Examples include Google Maps API for integrating maps into websites, Twitter API for accessing tweets, and Spotify API for music streaming
A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be called by name to perform a specific task.
Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing network traffic and improving security.
They can be reused across multiple applications and users.
Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.
Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'IT';
Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies
Promotes loose coupling between components
Improves code reusability and maintainability
Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection
Q17. Design a controller method for validating user name and password.
Controller method for validating user name and password
Accept user input for username and password
Check if username and password meet specified criteria (e.g. length, special characters)
Query database to verify if username and password match stored credentials
Return success or error message based on validation results
Q18. What is the internal working of streams
Streams in software development are sequences of data that can be processed sequentially or in parallel.
Streams are used for processing large amounts of data efficiently.
They can be used for reading from or writing to files, network connections, or other sources.
Streams can be processed synchronously or asynchronously.
Examples include reading a file line by line, processing a stream of sensor data, or downloading a large file in chunks.
Q19. UseJava 8 to sort list of integer
Use Java 8 stream API to sort a list of integers
Use stream() method to convert the list to a stream
Use sorted() method to sort the integers
Collect the sorted integers back to a list using collect() method
Q20. What is Java 8 stream
Java 8 stream is a sequence of elements that supports functional-style operations.
Java 8 stream allows for processing collections of objects in a functional way.
Streams can be created from various data sources like collections, arrays, or I/O resources.
Common stream operations include map, filter, reduce, and collect.
Streams are lazy, meaning they only perform operations when necessary.
Example: List
names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"); Stream stream = names.strea...read more
Q21. What is clonable object
A clonable object is an object that can create a copy of itself, allowing for duplication without affecting the original object.
Clonable objects implement the Cloneable interface in Java.
The clone() method is used to create a copy of the object.
Cloning can be shallow or deep, depending on the requirements.
Examples of clonable objects include ArrayList, HashMap, and custom classes that implement Cloneable.
Q22. What is ODATA Service
ODATA Service is a protocol for querying and updating data using RESTful APIs.
ODATA stands for Open Data Protocol
It allows for querying and updating data using standard HTTP methods
Supports filtering, sorting, and pagination of data
Commonly used in web and mobile applications for data access
Q23. Explain Java 8 feature.
Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods in interfaces.
Lambda expressions allow you to pass functionality as an argument to a method.
Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.
Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements efficiently.
Default methods allow interfaces to have methods with implementation.
Q24. internal working of hashset
HashSet is a collection that stores unique elements using hashing.
Uses hashing to store elements for fast retrieval
Does not allow duplicate elements
Does not maintain insertion order
Example: HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); set.add("apple");
Q25. Type of Kafka Topics
Kafka topics are categories to which messages are published by producers and from which consumers can read messages.
Topics are used to organize and categorize messages in Kafka.
Each topic can have multiple partitions to allow for parallel processing.
Topics can have different retention policies and configurations.
Examples: 'user_activity', 'order_updates', 'payment_events'
Q26. Write test cases.
Writing test cases for a software application.
Identify the functionality to be tested
Determine the input data and expected output
Write test cases for positive and negative scenarios
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