LTIMindtree Senior Software Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Internal working of hashset
Ans. 
HashSet is a collection that stores unique elements using hashing.
• Uses hashing to store elements for fast retrieval

• Does not allow duplicate elements

• Does not maintain insertion order

• Example: HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); set.add("apple");
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Q2. Type of Kafka Topics
Ans. 
Kafka topics are categories to which messages are published by producers and from which consumers can read messages.
• Topics are used to organize and categorize messages in Kafka.

• Each topic can have multiple partitions to allow for parallel processing.

• Topics can have different retention policies and configurations.

• Examples: 'user_activity', 'order_updates', 'payment_events'
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Q1. Explain Java 8 feature.
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods in interfaces.
• Lambda expressions allow you to pass functionality as an argument to a method.

• Functional interfaces have a single abstract method and can be used with lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements efficiently.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have methods with implementation.
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Q2. What is Java 8 stream
Ans. 
Java 8 stream is a sequence of elements that supports functional-style operations.
• Java 8 stream allows for processing collections of objects in a functional way.

• Streams can be created from various data sources like collections, arrays, or I/O resources.

• Common stream operations include map, filter, reduce, and collect.

• Streams are lazy, meaning they only perform operations when necessary.

• Example: List names = Arrays.asLi...read more
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Q3. How you handled exception in your project?
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Q4. @Pathvariable annotations & @RequestParam
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Q5. UseJava 8 to sort list of integer
Ans. 
Use Java 8 stream API to sort a list of integers
• Use stream() method to convert the list to a stream

• Use sorted() method to sort the integers

• Collect the sorted integers back to a list using collect() method
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Q1. Regarding architecture , Design patterns
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Aptitude test was conducted

Govt schools vs private school topic given

Q1. Question asked regarding my project done on college
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Q2. Technical questions related to my domain ece
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Q1. Introduction and friendly conversation
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Q2. Discussion abt training
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical Interview round with questions based on Java, C# etc.

Q1. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface can only have abstract methods.
• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract classes are used to define a common base class for related classes, while interfaces are used to define a con...read more
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Q2. What are the benefits of using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture?
Ans. 
MVC architecture separates concerns, improves code organization, promotes reusability, and enhances maintainability.
• Separates concerns: MVC separates the application into three main components - Model, View, and Controller, allowing for easier management of code and logic.

• Improves code organization: Each component in MVC has a specific role, making it easier to organize and maintain code.

• Promotes reusability: With clea...read more
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Q3. Can you explain the life cycles of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture?
Ans. 
MVC architecture consists of three components - Model, View, and Controller, each with its own responsibilities.
• Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

• View is responsible for displaying the data to the user.

• Controller acts as an intermediary between Model and View, handling user input and updating the Model accordingly.

• Changes in one component do not directly affect the others, promoting separa...read more
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Q4. What are the override and virtual keywords in C#?
Ans. 
Override and virtual are keywords in C# used for method overriding and polymorphism.
• Override keyword is used to provide a new implementation for a method in a derived class that is already defined in a base class.

• Virtual keyword is used to allow a method to be overridden in a derived class.

• Override keyword is used in the derived class to indicate that a method overrides a base class method.

• Virtual keyword is used in th...read more
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Q5. Why are Web APIs used?
Ans. 
Web APIs are used to allow different software applications to communicate with each other over the internet.
• Web APIs allow different systems to interact and share data

• They enable developers to access specific features or data from a remote server

• They help in building more dynamic and interactive web applications

• Examples include Google Maps API for integrating maps into websites, Twitter API for accessing tweets, and Sp
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions around DBMS , SQL and Angular.

Q1. What are the differences between RANK() and ROW_NUMBER() in SQL?
Ans. 
RANK() assigns a unique rank to each row based on the specified column, while ROW_NUMBER() assigns a unique sequential row number to each row.
• RANK() may have gaps in the ranking if there are ties, while ROW_NUMBER() will not have any gaps.

• RANK() will assign the same rank to rows with the same value, while ROW_NUMBER() will assign a unique row number to each row.

• ROW_NUMBER() is used to generate a unique sequential numbe...read more
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Q2. What is a Common Table Expression (CTE) in SQL?
Ans. 
CTE is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement in SQL.
• CTEs help improve readability and maintainability of complex SQL queries.

• They can be recursive, allowing for hierarchical data querying.

• CTEs are defined using the WITH keyword followed by the CTE name and query.

• Example: WITH cte_name AS (SELECT * FROM table_name) SELECT * FROM cte_name;
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Q3. What is a stored procedure?
Ans. 
A stored procedure is a set of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be called by name to perform a specific task.
• Stored procedures can improve performance by reducing network traffic and improving security.

• They can be reused across multiple applications and users.

• Stored procedures can accept input parameters and return output parameters or result sets.

• Example: CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployeeDetails AS SE
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Q4. What is dependency injection?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
• Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between components

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Examples: Constructor injection, Setter injection, Interface injection
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This was a technical round where technical core concepts were tested.

Q1. What are the features of Java 8?
Ans. 
Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and the new Date and Time API.
• Lambda expressions allow you to write more concise code by providing a way to pass functions as arguments.

• Functional interfaces are interfaces with a single abstract method, which can be implemented using lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with sequences of elements and perfor...read more
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Q2. What are the different types of hashmaps in Java?
Ans. 
Types of hashmaps in Java include HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.
• HashMap: basic implementation, no order guaranteed

• LinkedHashMap: maintains insertion order

• TreeMap: sorted by natural order or custom comparator
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Q3. What is the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder in Java?
Ans. 
StringBuffer is synchronized and thread-safe, while StringBuilder is not synchronized and faster.
• StringBuffer is synchronized, making it thread-safe for use in multi-threaded environments.

• StringBuilder is not synchronized, making it faster but not thread-safe.

• Use StringBuffer when thread safety is needed, and StringBuilder for better performance in single-threaded scenarios.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was a discussion with the project manager , so its also technical along with previous project. Also, future project related questions to check candidate suitable or not

Q1. How is memory allocated for a string in Java?
Ans. 
Memory for a string in Java is allocated on the heap, with a reference stored on the stack.
• Strings in Java are immutable, so once created they cannot be changed.

• String objects are stored on the heap, while references to them are stored on the stack.

• String literals are stored in a special memory area called the String Pool.

• String objects can also be created using the 'new' keyword.
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Q2. What is the difference between intermediate and terminal operations on Stream in Java?
Ans. 
Intermediate operations return a new stream and allow further operations, while terminal operations produce a result or side-effect.
• Intermediate operations include filter(), map(), sorted(), etc.

• Terminal operations include forEach(), collect(), reduce(), etc.

• Intermediate operations are lazy and only executed when a terminal operation is called.

• Terminal operations are eager and trigger the stream to process the data.
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Q3. Can you explain the internal working of a hash map in Java?
Ans. 
A hash map in Java is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to efficiently retrieve values based on keys.
• Hash map uses an array to store key-value pairs.

• Keys are hashed to determine the index where the value will be stored.

• Collision resolution techniques like chaining or open addressing are used to handle hash collisions.

• Example: HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>(); map.pu
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Typical HR round with behavioral problems.