Invenics Devops Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Control plane components in Kubernetes manage the cluster and make decisions about the state of the cluster.

• Control Manager: Ensures that the desired state of the cluster matches the actual state.

• Scheduler: Assigns workloads to nodes based on resource availability and constraints.

• API Server: Acts as the front-end for the Kubernetes control plane and is the primary interface for users and other components.

• etcd: Consiste...read more

Implementing zero-downtime deployments in Kubernetes involves using rolling updates and readiness probes.

• Use rolling updates to gradually replace old pods with new ones

• Configure readiness probes to ensure new pods are ready before routing traffic to them

• Utilize tools like Helm for managing releases and versioning

To ensure high availability of the etcd cluster used by Kubernetes, you can implement redundancy, monitoring, and disaster recovery strategies.

• Implement a multi-node etcd cluster to ensure redundancy and fault tolerance.

• Utilize monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana to track the health and performance of the etcd cluster.

• Set up regular backups and implement disaster recovery plans to quickly recover from failures...read more

Capacity planning for a Kubernetes cluster involves analyzing resource usage, predicting future needs, and scaling infrastructure accordingly.

• Monitor resource usage of pods and nodes using tools like Prometheus and Grafana

• Analyze historical data to identify trends and patterns in resource consumption

• Estimate future resource requirements based on application growth and workload changes

• Scale the cluster by adding or remo...read more

CICD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment. Jenkinsfile functions include stages, steps, post, and more.

• CICD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

• Jenkinsfile functions include stages, steps, post, agent, environment, and more

• Stages define a series of tasks to be executed in a pipeline

• Steps define individual actions within a stage

• Post defines actions to be taken after the pipeline has...read more

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes helps in automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• It allows for easy scaling of applications by adding or removing containers based on demand.

• Kubernetes provides features like service discovery, load balancing, and self-healing ...read more

Workspaces in Docker are isolated environments where developers can work on different projects without affecting each other.

• Workspaces allow developers to have separate environments for each project, preventing conflicts between dependencies.

• Each workspace has its own set of containers, volumes, and networks, ensuring isolation.

• Developers can easily switch between workspaces to work on different projects.

• Workspaces are...read more

Cost optimization in DevOps is achieved through efficient resource utilization, automation, and continuous monitoring.

• Implementing auto-scaling to dynamically adjust resources based on demand

• Using containerization to maximize resource utilization and reduce costs

• Leveraging cloud services for pay-as-you-go pricing model

• Implementing cost monitoring tools to identify and eliminate wasteful spending

• Optimizing code and infr...read more

Monitoring is done using Prometheus and Grafana. Prometheus collects metrics and Grafana visualizes them.

• Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit

• It collects metrics from monitored targets by scraping HTTP endpoints

• Grafana is a visualization tool that creates dashboards for the collected metrics

• It allows users to create graphs, charts, and alerts based on the data from Prometheus

DevOps is a software development methodology that combines software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops) to improve collaboration and efficiency.

• DevOps focuses on automating and streamlining the software development process.

• It emphasizes communication and collaboration between development and operations teams.

• DevOps aims to shorten the development lifecycle and provide continuous delivery of high-quality software...read more

Devops operations involve managing the development and deployment of software applications.

• Automate repetitive tasks to improve efficiency

• Use version control systems like Git for tracking changes

• Implement continuous integration and continuous deployment pipelines

• Monitor system performance and troubleshoot issues proactively

DevOps focuses on collaboration between development and operations teams, while SRE focuses on reliability and scalability of systems.

• DevOps is a cultural and organizational practice that emphasizes collaboration and communication between development and operations teams.

• SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) is a specific role within an organization that focuses on ensuring the reliability, scalability, and performance of...read more

DevOps is important for streamlining software development and deployment processes.

• DevOps helps in automating manual tasks, increasing efficiency and reducing errors.

• It promotes collaboration between development and operations teams, leading to faster delivery of software.

• DevOps enables continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines, ensuring rapid and reliable software releases.

• It improves overall so...read more

Persistent volume is a storage volume that exists beyond the life cycle of a container.

• Persistent volumes are used to store data that needs to persist even if the container is deleted or recreated.

• They are decoupled from the container and can be attached to different containers.

• Examples include network-attached storage (NAS), cloud storage, and local storage.

• Persistent volumes are managed by the storage administrator r

PersistentVolumes (PVs) in Kubernetes can be attached and detached.

• PersistentVolumes (PVs) can be attached to pods using PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs).

• PVs can be detached from pods when no longer needed.

• Examples of PV types include NFS, iSCSI, and AWS EBS.

When you search 'google.com', it will redirect you to the Google homepage.

• Typing 'google.com' in the browser's address bar will take you to the Google search engine homepage.

• You can also directly search for 'google.com' in the Google search bar to access the Google homepage.

• Google.com is the domain name for the Google search engine.

• Google.com may also redirect to localized versions of Google based on the user's locatio

traceroute is a command-line tool used to trace the route that packets take from your computer to a destination server.

• traceroute command is used to track the path that packets take to reach a destination server

• It shows the IP addresses of the routers that the packets pass through

• It also displays the round-trip time for each hop

• Example: traceroute google.com

A pipeline is a series of automated steps that allow for the continuous integration and delivery of software.

• A pipeline typically includes stages such as building, testing, and deploying code.

• Tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, and AWS CodePipeline are commonly used for creating pipelines.

• Pipelines help in automating the software development process and ensuring faster delivery of updates.

• Provisioner in Terraform is a to...read more

CI/CD process automates the building, testing, and deployment of code changes.

• Continuous Integration (CI) involves automatically building and testing code changes frequently.

• Continuous Deployment (CD) involves automatically deploying code changes to production.

• CI/CD pipelines use tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, or CircleCI to automate the process.

• Automated testing is a key component of CI/CD to ensure code quality.

• CI...read more

Roles in Ansible are a way to group tasks, handlers, variables, and other related files together for easier management and reuse.

• Roles help in organizing and structuring Ansible playbooks

• They promote reusability and modularity

• Roles can be shared and reused across different playbooks

• Each role typically consists of directories like tasks, handlers, templates, vars, etc.

• Roles can be installed using Ansible Galaxy

To give admin permissions to run a playbook, you can use sudo or grant specific permissions in the sudoers file.

• Grant sudo access to the user running the playbook

• Add the user to the sudoers file with specific permissions

• Use ansible_become to run tasks with elevated privileges

To add a plugin in Jenkins manually, you can download the plugin file and upload it through the Jenkins web interface.

• Download the desired plugin file from the Jenkins website or other sources.

• Navigate to the Jenkins dashboard and click on 'Manage Jenkins'.

• Select 'Manage Plugins' and go to the 'Advanced' tab.

• Choose the 'Upload Plugin' option and select the downloaded plugin file.

• Click 'Upload' and restart Jenkins to ap

Java program to reverse a string using StringBuilder

• Create a StringBuilder object with the input string

• Use the reverse() method of StringBuilder to reverse the string

• Convert the reversed StringBuilder object back to a string using toString()

Product release setup involves planning, coordinating, and executing the release of a software product to customers.

• Create a release plan outlining the scope, timeline, and resources needed for the release

• Coordinate with development, QA, and operations teams to ensure all necessary tasks are completed

• Use version control systems to manage code changes and track release versions

• Automate build, test, and deployment proces...read more