20+ DevOps Intern Interview Questions and Answers

The minimum number of towers required to cover all houses.

• Iterate through the houses and find the maximum distance between any two adjacent houses.

• Divide this maximum distance by the range of each tower to get the minimum number of towers required.

• If there is a remainder, add one to the result.

• Return the minimum number of towers.

Linux file system folders and their roles

• The / directory is the root directory

• The /bin directory contains essential command binaries

• The /etc directory contains configuration files

• The /home directory contains home directories for users

• The /lib directory contains shared library files

• The /tmp directory contains temporary files

• The /usr directory contains user binaries, libraries, documentation, and source-code

• The /var directory contains variable data files

Find minimum deletions to make a sequence sorted.

• Count the number of elements that are not in increasing order.

• Subtract the count from the length of the sequence to get the minimum deletions.

• Use dynamic programming to optimize the solution.

• Time complexity: O(nlogn) using binary search.

Automation script to set email alerts for memory consumption

• Use a monitoring tool like Nagios or Zabbix to track memory consumption

• Write a script to periodically check memory usage and compare it to a predefined threshold

• If memory usage exceeds the threshold, send an email alert to the specified recipients

The 'whoami' command in Linux displays the current user's username and is useful for verifying user identity.

• Usage: Simply type 'whoami' in the terminal to see the current logged-in user.

• Example: If your username is 'john', running 'whoami' will output 'john'.

• It helps in scripts to confirm the user context under which a script is running.

• Can be combined with other commands for user-specific operations.

Placement Group is a logical grouping of instances within a single Availability Zone.

• It helps to achieve low-latency network performance by grouping instances in a single rack.

• It is used to deploy a group of instances that need to be in close proximity to each other.

• It is only available for certain instance types and cannot span multiple Availability Zones.

CI/CD pipeline is a set of automated processes for building, testing, and deploying software.

• CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment

• It automates the process of integrating code changes, testing them, and deploying them to production

• Common tools used in CI/CD pipelines include Jenkins, GitLab CI, and CircleCI

• CI/CD pipelines help teams deliver software faster and with fewer errors

Github is a web-based platform used for version control and collaboration on software development projects.

• Allows developers to store, manage, and track changes to their code

• Facilitates collaboration among team members through features like pull requests and code reviews

• Enables integration with various tools and services for continuous integration and deployment

• Provides a platform for hosting code repositories and project documentation

• Used by developers to showcase their work...read more

Containerisation is a method of packaging and running applications in isolated environments called containers.

• Containers are lightweight, portable, and can run on any platform that supports containerisation.

• Benefits include improved scalability, faster deployment, resource efficiency, and easier management.

• Containers help in achieving consistency across different environments and simplifying the development process.

• Popular containerisation tools include Docker, Kubernetes, an...read more

Jenkins CICD Pipeline is a tool that allows for the automation of building, testing, and deploying code changes.

• Jenkins CICD Pipeline is a series of steps that automate the software delivery process.

• It allows for continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment.

• Pipeline stages can include building code, running tests, and deploying to production.

• Jenkins Pipeline can be defined using a Jenkinsfile, which is written in Groovy.

• It helps in reducing manual er...read more

The Terraform S3 backend block configures remote state storage in AWS S3 for infrastructure management.

• The S3 backend allows Terraform to store its state file in an S3 bucket.

• Example configuration: `backend "s3" { bucket = "my-terraform-state" key = "terraform.tfstate" region = "us-west-2" }`

• It enables collaboration by allowing multiple users to access the same state file.

• Supports locking with DynamoDB to prevent concurrent state modifications.

• Facilitates versioning of state ...read more

S3 Lifecycle is a feature that automates the transition of objects between different storage classes based on their age and usage.

• S3 Lifecycle can be used to automatically move objects from Standard storage class to Infrequent Access (IA) or Glacier storage class based on their age.

• It can also be used to automatically delete objects that have reached the end of their retention period.

• S3 Lifecycle policies can be applied to individual objects or entire buckets.

• Lifecycle polici...read more

TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google for building and training neural networks.

• TensorFlow is widely used for tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and more.

• It allows users to create complex neural network architectures using high-level APIs.

• TensorFlow provides tools for data visualization, model debugging, and deployment to production environments.

The four pillars of OOP are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together and restricting access to them.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface to represent different types of objects.

Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code tool for building, changing, and versioning infrastructure safely and efficiently.

• Declarative Configuration: Users define the desired state of infrastructure using HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL).

• Resource Management: Terraform manages resources across various providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud.

• State Management: It maintains a state file to track the current state of infrastructure, enabling efficient updates.

• E...read more

Optum values innovation, collaboration, integrity, and compassion in their work culture.

• Optum values innovation by constantly seeking new ways to improve healthcare services.

• Collaboration is important at Optum as teams work together to achieve common goals.

• Integrity is a core value at Optum, ensuring honesty and ethical behavior in all aspects of their work.

• Compassion is shown through a focus on improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare experiences.

The 'chown' command in Linux changes the ownership of files and directories.

• Syntax: chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...

• Example: chown user1 file.txt changes the owner of file.txt to user1.

• To change both owner and group: chown user1:group1 file.txt.

• Use -R option for recursive changes: chown -R user1 /path/to/directory.

• Check current ownership with: ls -l filename.

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes uses a master-slave architecture with a master node controlling multiple worker nodes.

• It allows for automatic scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates of applications.

• Kubernetes uses declarative configuration files (YAML or JSON) to define the desired state of the cluster.

• It provides features like service discovery, load b...read more

Projects are specific tasks or assignments that individuals or teams work on to achieve a particular goal or outcome.

• Projects have defined objectives and timelines

• They require resources such as time, money, and manpower

• Project management methodologies like Agile or Waterfall are often used to plan and execute projects