10+ DevOps Lead Interview Questions and Answers

A disk in VM roles is a storage device used to store data, while an image is a template used to create virtual machines.

• A disk is a block-level storage device that can be attached to a virtual machine to store data.

• An image is a template that contains the operating system and other software configurations used to create virtual machines.

• Disks can be created from images or used as a standalone storage device.

• Images are used to create multiple virtual machines with the same con...read more

Utilized agile principles to streamline development processes and improve team collaboration.

• Implemented daily stand-up meetings to keep team members aligned and address any blockers

• Utilized Kanban boards to visualize workflow and prioritize tasks effectively

• Encouraged continuous feedback and iteration to improve product quality and meet customer needs

• Leveraged retrospectives to reflect on past sprints and identify areas for improvement

Various monitoring tools are used including Prometheus, Grafana, ELK stack, Nagios, and New Relic.

• Prometheus is used for time-series data monitoring and alerting

• Grafana is used for visualization of monitoring data

• ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) is used for log monitoring and analysis

• Nagios is used for infrastructure monitoring and alerting

• New Relic is used for application performance monitoring

To troubleshoot a critical incident, follow these steps

• Gather information about the incident, including symptoms and impact

• Identify potential root causes by analyzing logs, metrics, and system configurations

• Implement temporary fixes to restore service if necessary

• Communicate with stakeholders to keep them informed of the situation

• Conduct a post-incident review to learn from the incident and prevent future occurrences

Stateful sets maintain state across pod restarts, while stateless sets do not.

• Stateful sets have stable, unique network identifiers for each pod

• Stateful sets are used for applications that require persistent storage

• Stateless sets are easier to scale horizontally as they do not rely on maintaining state

OpenShift is a container platform by Red Hat based on Kubernetes architecture.

• OpenShift is built on top of Kubernetes, an open-source container orchestration platform.

• Kubernetes manages containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.

• OpenShift adds developer and operational-centric tools on top of Kubernetes for easier application deployment and management.

• OpenShift provides features like source-to-image builds, integrated CI/CD pipelines, and developer-friendly UI.

• Both ...read more

Sample deployment.yaml file for DevOps Lead interview question

• Specify the API version and kind of resource being deployed

• Define metadata including name and labels for the deployment

• Set the number of replicas for the deployment

• Specify the container image, ports, and resources required

• Define any environment variables or volume mounts needed

K8s architecture is a container orchestration platform that manages containerized applications across a cluster of nodes.

• Kubernetes follows a master-slave architecture with a master node and multiple worker nodes.

• Master node components include API server, scheduler, controller manager, and etcd.

• Worker node components include kubelet, kube-proxy, and container runtime (e.g. Docker).

• Kubernetes uses Pods as the smallest deployable units, which can contain one or more containers....read more

TCP handshake is a process where two devices establish a connection by exchanging SYN and ACK packets. TLS is a protocol that ensures secure communication over the internet.

• TCP handshake involves three steps: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

• TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a network

• TLS ensures data integrity, authentication, and confidentiality

• Example: When a client wants to establish a secure connection with a server, TLS ha...read more

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment. It is a set of steps that automate the process of code integration, testing, and deployment.

• Continuous Integration (CI) involves automatically building and testing code changes frequently.

• Continuous Deployment (CD) involves automatically deploying code changes to production after passing tests.

• CI/CD pipeline typically includes steps like code compilation, unit testing, integration testing, deployment to staging, a...read more